Determination of the Age and Optimal Cutting Time Based on the Concentration of Soluble Carbohydrates in a Rye grass Tetraploide

This study was conducted in Toacaso Town in the northwest of Latacunga City, Cotopaxi Province, Ecuador. The researchers aimed to establish in situ the optimal age and cutting time of REMINGTON Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) based on the concentration of soluble carbohydrates using a digital refractometer. The research used 48 experimental units, each with an area of 16 m2 (4×4 m) and a total area of 768 m2. The experiment was carried out for 60 days in which the highest concentration of carbohydrates was evaluated taking into account (i) the age of the pasture – 45 and 60 days (factor A) and (ii) the cutting time – 08H00, 10H00, 12H00, 14H00, 16H00, and 18H00 hours (factor B0) for which a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used under a bifactorial arrangement with four repetitions per treatment. The results reported that the highest concentration of soluble carbohydrates was obtained at 60 days of age with 13.15º Brix (ºBx), while the optimal cut-off time was 2:00 p.m. with a concentration of 16.33 ºBx. The authors conclude that the older the pasture, and considering the time of the day, the higher the concentration of soluble carbohydrates will be. The highest cost-benefit was obtained at 4:00 p.m. presenting a cost-benefit of $1.44 which means that for every dollar invested a profit of 44 cents was obtained. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest the REMINGTON Ryegrass at 60 days of age at 2:00 p.m. Keywords: soluble carbohydrates, Ryegrass (Lolium perenne), remintong, digital refractometer, Brix degrees. RESUMEN Se estableció in situ la edad y hora de corte óptima sobre la concentración de carbohidratos solubles en un Rye grass tetraploide (Lolium perenne) variedad REMINTONG, mediante la utilización de un refractómetro digital en la parroquia Toacaso ubicada al noroccidente del cantón Latacunga, provincia de Cotopaxi. En la investigación se utilizó 48 unidades experimentales con un área de 16 m2 (4 m x 4 m), en una superficie total de 768 m2. El trabajo experimental tuvo una duración de 60 días en los cuales se e valuó la mayor concentración de carbohidratos con relación a la edad del pasto 45 y 60 días (factor A), y la hora de corte 08H00, 10H0 0, 12H00, 14H00, 16H00 y 18H00 horas (factor B), para lo cual se aplicó un Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar (DBCA) bajo arreglo bifactorial con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. Los resultados reportaron que la mayor concentración de carbohidratos solubles se obtuvo a los 60 días de edad con 13,15 grados Brix (∘Bx), relacionados con la hora de corte optima que fue a las 14h00 con una concentración de 16,33 ∘Bx, concluyendo que a mayor edad y conforme la hora del día, mayor será la concentración de carbohidr atos solubles. El mayor beneficio costo se obtuvo a las 16h00 presentando un beneficio/costo de$ 1,44 USD, lo que quiere decir que por cada dólar invertido se obtuvo una ganancia de 44 centavos, por lo tanto, se recomienda cosechar el pasto Rye grass variedad REMINGTON a los 60 días de edad a las 14h00. Palabras Clave: Carbohidratos Solubles, Rye grass (Lolium perenne), Remintong, Refractómetro digital, grados brix

Asturiux: detection system of computational anomalies

Everyday in network management, it is complex the process to correlate events in different dimensions: legal violation, intrusions, monitoring failures, violation to security policies or breach of standards; to which face professionals, teaching and students in this area in Colombia. This article presents the technological aspects for the design and development of a distributed system for the computational anomalies detection that was termed “Asturiux”, which arises as a product from a research project in the teleinformatics area. To addressing this problematic it use the network security administration, and anomalies detection. The system was fully developed with free software, in which were integrated different technologies for the communication, authentication, persistence, computational intelligence and remote alerts. The verification instruments and the realized tests, reflect a high level of system efficiency, and acceptation from the actors involved

Thermal neutron background at Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC)

The thermal neutron background at Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) has been determined using several He proportional counter detectors. Bare and Cd shielded counters were used in a series of long measurements. Pulse shape discrimination techniques were applied to discriminate between neutron and gamma signals as well as other intrinsic contributions. Montecarlo simulations allowed us to estimate the sensitivity of the detectors and calculate values for the background flux of thermal neutrons inside Hall-A of LSC. The obtained value is (3.5±0.8)×10 n/cms, and is within an order of magnitude compared to similar facilities.This work was supported partially by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and its Plan Nacional de I+D+i de Física de Partículas projects: FPA2016-76765-P and FPA2018-096717-B-C21. The authors want to acknowledge the help provided by the staff at LSC in the preparation and support for this work

CLYC as a neutron detector in low background conditions

We report on the thermal neutron flux measurements carried out at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC) with two commercial 2 × 2 CLYC detectors. The measurements were performed as part of an experimental campaign at LSC with He detectors, for establishing the sensitivity limits and use of CLYCs in low background conditions. A careful characterization of the intrinsic α and γ -ray background in the detectors was required and done with dedicated measurements. It was found that the α activities in the two CLYC crystals differ by a factor of three, and the use of Monte Carlo simulations and a Bayesian unfolding method allowed us to determine the specific α activities from the U and Th decay chains. The simulations and unfolding also revealed that the γ -ray background registered in the detectors is dominated by the intrinsic activity of the components of the detector such as the aluminum housing and photo-multiplier and that the activity within the crystal is low in comparison. The data from the neutron flux measurements with the two detectors were analyzed with different methodologies: one based on an innovative α /neutron pulse shape discrimination method and one based on the subtraction of the intrinsic α background that masks the neutron signals in the region of interest. The neutron sensitivity of the CLYCs was calculated by Monte Carlo simulations with MCNP6 and GEANT4. The resulting thermal neutron fluxes are in good agreement with complementary flux measurement performed with He detectors, but close to the detection limit imposed by the intrinsic α activity

Measurements of high-energy neutron-induced fission of (nat)Pb and (209)Bi

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License 3.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any noncommercial medium, provided the original work is properly citedThe CERN Neutron Time-Of-Flight (n_TOF) facility is well suited to measure low cross sections as those of neutron-induced fission in subactinides. The cross section ratios of (nat)Pb and (209)Bi relative to (235)U and (238)U were measured using PPAC detectors and a fragment coincidence method that allows us to identify the fission events. The present experiment provides first results for neutron-induced fission up to 1 GeV. Good agreement is found with previous experimental data below 200 MeV. The comparison with proton-induced fission indicates that the limiting regime where neutron-induced and proton-induced fission reach equal cross sections is close to 1 GeV

Measurement of the (90,91,92,93,94,96)Zr(n,gamma) and (139)La(n,gamma) cross sections at n_TOF

Open AccessNeutron capture cross sections of Zr and La isotopes have important implications in the field of nuclear astrophysics as well as in the nuclear technology. In particular the Zr isotopes play a key role for the determination of the neutron density in the He burning zone of the Red Giant star, while the (139)La is important to monitor the s-process abundances from Ba up to Ph. Zr is also largely used as structural materials of traditional and advanced nuclear reactors. The nuclear resonance parameters and the cross section of (90,91,92,93,94,96)Zr and (139)La have been measured at the n_TOF facility at CERN. Based on these data the capture resonance strength and the Maxwellian-averaged cross section were calculated

High-accuracy determination of the U 238 / U 235 fission cross section ratio up to ≈1 GeV at n-TOF at CERN

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOIThe U238 to U235 fission cross section ratio has been determined at n-TOF up to ≈1 GeV, with two different detection systems, in different geometrical configurations. A total of four datasets has been collected and compared. They are all consistent to each other within the relative systematic uncertainty of 3-4%. The data collected at n-TOF have been suitably combined to yield a unique fission cross section ratio as a function of neutron energy. The result confirms current evaluations up to 200 MeV. Good agreement is also observed with theoretical calculations based on the INCL++/Gemini++ combination up to the highest measured energy. The n-TOF results may help solve a long-standing discrepancy between the two most important experimental datasets available so far above 20 MeV, while extending the neutron energy range for the first time up to ≈1 GeV.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Measurement of the neutron capture cross section of the s-only isotope 204Pb from 1 eV to 440 keV

The neutron capture cross section of 204Pb has been measured at the CERN n_TOF installation with high resolution in the energy range from 1 eV to 440 keV. An R-matrix analysis of the resolved resonance region, between 1 eV and 100 keV, was carried out using the SAMMY code. In the interval between 100 keV and 440 keV we report the average capture cross section. The background in the entire neutron energy range could be reliably determined from the measurement of a 208Pb sample. Other systematic effects in this measurement could be investigated and precisely corrected by means of detailed Monte Carlo simulations. We obtain a Maxwellian average capture cross section for 204Pb at kT=30 keV of 79(3) mb, in agreement with previous experiments. However our cross section at kT=5 keV is about 35% larger than the values reported so far. The implications of the new cross section for the s-process abundance contributions in the Pb/Bi region are discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, article submitted to Phys. Rev.

New measurement of neutron capture resonances of 209Bi

The neutron capture cross section of Bi209 has been measured at the CERN n TOF facility by employing the pulse-height-weighting technique. Improvements over previous measurements are mainly because of an optimized detection system, which led to a practically negligible neutron sensitivity. Additional experimental sources of systematic error, such as the electronic threshold in the detectors, summing of gamma-rays, internal electron conversion, and the isomeric state in bismuth, have been taken into account. Gamma-ray absorption effects inside the sample have been corrected by employing a nonpolynomial weighting function. Because Bi209 is the last stable isotope in the reaction path of the stellar s-process, the Maxwellian averaged capture cross section is important for the recycling of the reaction flow by alpha-decays. In the relevant stellar range of thermal energies between kT=5 and 8 keV our new capture rate is about 16% higher than the presently accepted value used for nucleosynthesis calculations. At this low temperature an important part of the heavy Pb-Bi isotopes are supposed to be synthesized by the s-process in the He shells of low mass, thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars. With the improved set of cross sections we obtain an s-process fraction of 19(3)% of the solar bismuth abundance, resulting in an r-process residual of 81(3)%. The present (n,gamma) cross-section measurement is also of relevance for the design of accelerator driven systems based on a liquid metal Pb/Bi spallation target.Comment: 10 pages, 5figures, recently published in Phys. Rev.