Implicit measurement of violence related cognitions

OBJECTIVE: Violence-related cognitions may underpin many acts of violence, but explicit self-report measures of these cognitions may be inadequate to assess them fully due to their unconscious nature or due to deliberate dissimulation. We designed three versions of the implicit association test (IAT) that separately examined violence-related associations to valence (good vs bad), hedonic-value (enjoy vs dislike) and arousal (exciting vs boring) and examined if these were associated with greater levels of past criminal activity and self-reported violence. METHOD: The three IATs were administered to an offender sample (N = 108) with a history of serious offending and a diagnosis of Personality Disorder. Violence was assessed via the Proactive and Reactive Aggression Questionnaire and by examination of previous convictions. RESULTS: The IATs showed good to moderate reliability. The valence-IAT did not show any significant correlations to the measures of previous violence. The hedonic value-IAT showed positive relationships with official records of convictions, especially among participants without a conviction for homicide. The arousal-IAT was positively related to self-reported aggression in those without a conviction for homicide. CONCLUSIONS: The results show some promise that indirect techniques may be able to measure violence-related cognitions

Työkyvyn heikkenemisen varhainen tunnistaminen

TOIMIA-suositu

Implicit measurement of violence-related cognitions.

Objective: Violence-related cognitions may underpin many acts of violence, but explicit self-report measures of these cognitions may be inadequate to assess them fully due to their unconscious nature or due to deliberate dissimulation. We designed three versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) that separately examined violence-related associations to valence (good vs. bad), hedonic value (enjoy vs. dislike), and arousal (exciting vs. boring) and examined if these were associated with greater levels of past criminal activity and self-reported violence. Method: The three IATs were administered to an offender sample (N = 108) with a history of serious offending and a diagnosis of personality disorder. Violence was assessed via the Proactive and Reactive Aggression Questionnaire and by the examination of previous convictions. Results: The IATs showed good to moderate reliability. The valence-IAT did not show any significant correlations to the measures of previous violence. The hedonic value-IAT showed positive relationships with official records of convictions, especially among participants without a conviction for homicide. The arousal IAT was positively related to self-reported aggression in those without a conviction for homicide. Conclusions: The results show some promise that indirect techniques may be able to measure violence-related cognitions

Kotisivujen uudistussuunnitelma : Case:Riisula Oy

Riisula Oy on Tuusulassa toimiva perheyritys, jonka toiminta on laajentunut viime vuosina ri-vitalojen ja kerrostalojen rakentamiseen. Sen omistuksessa on paljon kiinteistöjä Hyrylän alu-eella, joita se vuokraa ja isännöi. Tuusula on kasvava kunta, jonka alueella on paljon kilpailua, joten Riisulalle on tärkeää saada hyvät sivut. Riisulan nykyinen www-sivusto on vanhentunut ja yritys haluaa uudistaa sivuston selkeämmäksi ja toimivammaksi. Opinnäytetyöni käsittelee sivuston uudistamista ja vanhentuneen sivuston korvaamista. Tutkimuksen suunnitelma toimii pohjana uudelle sivustolle. Varsinaisen graafisen sekä teknisen suunnittelun toteuttaa kuitenkin graafisen alan yritys. Tutkimus toteutettiin yhteistyössä Riisula Oy:n kanssa yrityksen toimitusjohtajien toimeksiannosta. Sopimuksen toimeksiannosta tein yrityksen johdon kanssa. Riisula Oy:llä on tarve päivittää sivustonsa toiminnallisuus vähintään samalle tasolle kuin sen kilpailijoilla on. Tästä syystä tutkin alan yrityksiä benchmarking- menetelmää käyttäen. Tulosten avulla sain suunniteltua laajemmat ja selkeämmät kotisivut, jotka ottavat huomioon yrityksen kasvua ja asiakkaiden tarpeita tiedonsaannissa.Website Renewal Plan Case: Riisula Ltd. Riisula Ltd is a growing family business company in Tuusula, it’s business has grown past years for constructing row;- and apartment houses. The company owns many properties in area of Tuusula, which it rents and maintenances. Tuusula is a fast growing area and it holds many competitor’s for Riisula Ltd, it was important to have a good website. Current Riisulas website had gone out of date and the companies wanted renew the site clearer and more functional. My thesis processed renewal for current webpages. Thesis worked as a basis for the new site. The graphical and technical design will be made by company in that field. Research was cooperated with Riisula Ltd.’s general managers with whom I had made an agreement to do the assignment. Riisula Ltd needed more functional webpages as their competitors; this research’s base comes from benchmarking method for companies in same business area. It helped my research to ac-complish wider and clearer websites, which regards for future as the company will grow and the customers will be provided with fuller information

Forest owners' attitudes toward pro-climate and climate-responsive forest management

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Electronic Patient-reported Outcomes During Breast Cancer Adjuvant Radiotherapy

Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have become extremely important in following patients’ health-related quality of life during cancer treatments. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of electronic PROs (ePROs) during adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in patients with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A registry trial was conducted with a total of 253 patients with breast cancer receiving RT. Adverse event data were collected from 9 items on the ePRO questionnaires that were administered before RT (N = 253), at the end of RT (± 3 days; N = 234), 1 month after RT (N = 230), and 3 months (N = 225) after RT. The patient characteristics and treatment details were collected from the medical records. Results: The patients have started actively using the ePRO system, and the response rates were high (82.6%). During RT, 39.3% of the ePRO responses were about symptoms, and 60.7% were about treatment-related questions or advice. Patients treated with hypofractionated RT reported fewer local adverse events such as skin symptoms (P = .001) and pain (P = .002) than those who received conventional RT. One of the main findings of this study was that tiredness, fatigue, and anxiety were commonly reported on the patients’ ePRO questionnaires, but they were rarely recorded in the medical records. Conclusion: Patients were motivated to use the ePRO system, and the response rates were high. Additionally, patients seemed to find that the ePRO system was an easy way to contact their own health care professionals. More attention should be paid to mental well-being during visits to the clinic. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have become extremely important in following patients’ health-related quality of life during cancer treatments. The present study assessed electronic PROs during adjuvant radiotherapy in a real-world setting. The study was conducted with a total of 253 patients with early breast cancer. The patients have started actively using the ePRO system, and the response rates were high (82.6%).publishedVersionPeer reviewe

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia