Tipografia portuguesa do século XVII na Biblioteca da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa

Este projecto identifica os impressores portugueses do século XVII representados no fundo de livro antigo presente no acervo geral da Biblioteca da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, incluindo aqueles cujas oficinas de impressão não granjearam a glória da dinastia Craesbeeck, mas que, de igual modo, têm lugar cativo na história da tipografia portuguesa. Identificando-os, quantificando-os e enquadrando-os historicamente esperamos conseguir mostrar que não é apenas nas Bibliotecas Públicas com carácter patrimonial como a Biblioteca Nacional e a Biblioteca Municipal de Évora, que se encontram depositados testemunhos importantes para o estudo da tipografia portuguesa. Pretende-se mapear o fundo do século XVII, tentando, na medida do possível, reconstituir a sua história através das pistas deixadas nos exemplares que denotam a proveniência de colecções integradas e, através da análise dos dados disponíveis, contribuir para um melhor conhecimento da tipografia portuguesa do século XVII.Abstract: This Project identifies the Portuguese printing houses of the seventeenth century represented on the ancient book collection belonging to the general collections of the Library of the University of Lisbon, paying special attention to the houses which have not yet received on the part of prosterity the attention the Craesbeeck’s did enjoy, but which have had a similar role in the history of Portuguese printing houses. Identifying them and thus quantifying them we hope to show that not only the Public Libraries such as the National Library and the Library of Évora preserve important collections for the study of Portuguese typography. It is our goal to map the seventeenth century collection of the library of the FLUL, and to try, as far as possible, to reconstruct its history through the traces left in the copies which can help to identify incorporated collections, and through the analysis of available data to contribute to a better understanding of seventeenth century Portuguese typography

Genomic, epidemiological and digital surveillance of Chikungunya virus in the Brazilian Amazon.

BackgroundSince its first detection in the Caribbean in late 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has affected 51 countries in the Americas. The CHIKV epidemic in the Americas was caused by the CHIKV-Asian genotype. In August 2014, local transmission of the CHIKV-Asian genotype was detected in the Brazilian Amazon region. However, a distinct lineage, the CHIKV-East-Central-South-America (ECSA)-genotype, was detected nearly simultaneously in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. The genomic diversity and the dynamics of CHIKV in the Brazilian Amazon region remains poorly understood despite its importance to better understand the epidemiological spread and public health impact of CHIKV in the country.Methodology/principal findingsWe report a large CHIKV outbreak (5,928 notified cases between August 2014 and August 2018) in Boa vista municipality, capital city of Roraima's state, located in the Brazilian Amazon region. We generated 20 novel CHIKV-ECSA genomes from the Brazilian Amazon region using MinION portable genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that despite an early introduction of the Asian genotype in 2015 in Roraima, the large CHIKV outbreak in 2017 in Boa Vista was caused by an ECSA-lineage most likely introduced from northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological analyses suggest a basic reproductive number of R0 of 1.66, which translates in an estimated 39 (95% CI: 36 to 45) % of Roraima's population infected with CHIKV-ECSA. Finally, we find a strong association between Google search activity and the local laboratory-confirmed CHIKV cases in Roraima.Conclusions/significanceThis study highlights the potential of combining traditional surveillance with portable genome sequencing technologies and digital epidemiology to inform public health surveillance in the Amazon region. Our data reveal a large CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Boa Vista, limited potential for future CHIKV outbreaks, and indicate a replacement of the Asian genotype by the ECSA genotype in the Amazon region

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved