Universidad, accesibilidad y nuevas tecnologías : valoración de una experiencia de innovación docente en la traducción especializada

El presente artículo surge como reflexión teórico-práctica dentro del Proyecto de Innovación Docente DESAM (Desarrollo de contenidos para sistema de accesibilidad universal multiplataforma y de bajo coste de descripción, localización y guiado de edificios de la Universidad de Granada), del Departamento de Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Granada. El proyecto está orientado a la elaboración de estrategias docentes innovadoras encaminadas a la creación de un nuevo espacio educativo multimodal de carácter práctico para la formación de los alumnos de las asignaturas de Traducción técnica, con el fin de incentivar su autoaprendizaje y facilitar la asimilación de las ideas desarrolladas en el aula. Asimismo, el proyecto aspira a promover la difusión de la cultura para el acceso al conocimiento de las personas con discapacidad sensorial (ciegos y sordos). En este estudio se pretende destacar algunos de los resultados alcanzados, con el fin de evaluar el impacto de prácticas docentesnovedosas en la educación superior.This article is a theoretical and practical reflection on the teaching innovation project DESAM (Desarrollo de contenidos para sistema de accesibilidad universal multiplataforma y de bajo coste de descripción, localización y guiado de edificios de la Universidad de Granada), carried out by the Department of Translation and Interpretation at the University of Granada. The project is aimed at developing innovative teaching strategies for the creation of a multimodal educational space for students of technical translation, in order to encourage their self-learningand facilitate the assimilation of ideas developed in the classroom. The project also aims to promote access to culture and knowledge for people with sensory disabilities (blind and deaf). The study highlights some of the results achieved and evaluates the impact of such innovative teaching practices in higher education

Museos para todos: la traducción e interpretación para entornos multimodales como herramienta de accesibilidad universal

La Traducción Audiovisual (TAV) tiene la responsabilidad científica de desarrollar metodologías de análisis para el fenómeno textual de la multimodalidad así como para sus estrategias de traducción, a la vez que ha de proporcionar a los estudios en accesibilidad universal una poderosa herramienta de acceso al conocimiento. Este artículo ofrece reflexiones en torno a los fundamentos teóricos de la TAV y a la proyección de estos en nuevos perfiles profesionales; todo ello aplicado a la accesibilidad museística universal.Audiovisual translation (AVT) has a scientific responsibility to develop analytical methodologies for the textual phenomenon of multimodality, and for the translation strategies associated with it. At the same time, it should aim to provide studies of universal accessibility with a powerful tool for facilitating access to knowledge. This article offers some reflections on the theoretical foundations of AVT and considers how these are projected in the creation of new professional profiles, with specific application to universal accessibility in the museums.Proyecto AMATRA (P07-SEJ/2660)

The specialized discourse in the inclusive museum: Easy Reading versus Audio description

En este estudio se ofrecen algunos resultados de un proyecto de investigación centrado en el museo como lugar de acceso al ocio y la cultura para usuarios con discapacidad sensorial y cognitiva, describiendo algunos de los principales problemas terminológicos asociados a las cuestiones relativas a dos modalidades de traducción accesible museística: Audiodescripción y Lectura fácil. Nuestra interpretación de los resultados permitirá avanzar en la búsqueda de indicadores de calidad para los recursos accesibles museísticos, que representan el producto de un complejo proceso de traducción intersemiótica, intralingüística y/o interlingüística de la obra artística.In this paper we present the results of a research work centered on the museum as a place of access to leisure and culture for everyone, describing some of the main terminological problems associated with the questions dealing with two modalities of accessible translation in museums: audio description and easy reading. Our interpretation of the results will allow us to advance in the search for quality indicators for accessible museum resources, which are the product of a complex process of translation – at once intersemiotic, intralinguistic and/or interlinguistic – of the work of art.Esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo en el marco del Proyecto I+D+i OPERA [Acceso al ocio y a la cultura. Plataforma de difusión y evaluación de recursos audiovisuales accesibles (FFI2015-65934-R)], financiado por el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad

University, accesibility and new technologies. An assessment of experience in educational innovation in the specialized translation

El presente artículo surge como reflexión teórico-práctica dentro del Proyecto de Innovación Docente DESAM (Desarrollo de contenidos para sistema de accesibilidad universal multiplataforma y de bajo coste de descripción, localización y guiado de edificios de la Universidad de Granada), del Departamento de Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Granada. El proyecto está orientado a la elaboración de estrategias docentes innovadoras encaminadas a la creación de un nuevo espacio educativo multimodal de carácter práctico para la formación de los alumnos de las asignaturas de Traducción técnica, con el fin de incentivar su autoaprendizaje y facilitar la asimilación de las ideas desarrolladas en el aula. Asimismo, el proyecto aspira a promover la difusión de la cultura para el acceso al conocimiento de las personas con discapacidad sensorial (ciegos y sordos). En este estudio se pretende destacar algunos de los resultados alcanzados, con el fin de evaluar el impacto de prácticas docentes novedosas en la educación superior.This article is a theoretical and practical reflection on the teaching innovation project DESAM (Desarrollo de contenidos para sistema de accesibilidad universal multiplataforma y de bajo coste de descripción, localización y guiado de edificios de la Universidad de Granada), carried out by the Department of Translation and Interpretation at the University of Granada. The project is aimed at developinginnovative teaching strategies for the creation of a multimodaleducational space for students of technical translation, in order to encourage their self-learning and facilitate the assimilation of ideas developed in the classroom. The project also aims to promote access to culture and knowledge for people with sensory disabilities (blind and deaf). The study highlights some of the results achieved and evaluates the impact of such innovative teaching practices in higher education

Controlled language as a starting point towards easy-to-read texts

La Lectura fácil (LF) para colectivos con algún tipo de discapacidad cognitiva y usuarios con problemas de comprensión lectora es un fenómeno comunicativo muy arraigado y desarrollado en Europa. Sin embargo, a pesar de la existencia de una norma UNE (153101,2018), la LF en España carece de unos fundamentos teóricos y epistemológicos que la avalen o que garanticen y midan la satisfacción y el éxito necesarios para crear textos simplificados que cumplan con los requisitos aplicables de calidad. En este estudio pretende abarcar la descripción del complejo engranaje lingüístico y textual que se activa en el proceso traductor de textos a LF, lo que implica ofrecer un esquema de los aspectos cognitivos de la producción, recepción e interacción comunicativa éntrela elaboración del texto origen (TO) y el texto meta (TM )en LF. Esta investigación se basa en la descripción de las relaciones semánticas entre los conceptos de una misma dimensión, así como las relaciones que se establecen entre las diferentes dimensiones de un mismo evento, con el fin de crear una estructura semántica de conceptos y sus relaciones, que sería el paso previo para la elaboración de un tipo de lenguaje controlado y un lenguaje simplificado que, a su vez, constituye el punto de partida para la traducción a textos en LF.A través de los ejemplos prácticos de simplificación discursiva de unos expositivos del Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Granada se ilustrarán algunos fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos para abordar el proceso de la traducción en LF.Easy-to-Read (ER) is a communicative phenomenon deeply rooted and developed already in Europe, but which in Spain lacks certain theoretical and epistemological foundations to both endorse and guarantee this method, as well as the means to measure the quality and success levels required, despite the existence of a UNEX standard (153101,2018).In this paper we focus on the simplification of vocabulary and we want to explore and describe the linguistic and textual process activated during the translation process from the source texts into ER texts, which implies offering an outline of the cognitive aspects takingplace in the production, reception and communicative interaction between the agents involved in the preparation of ER texts. Our investigation is based on describing the semantic relations between concepts of the same dimension, as well as relationships between different dimensions of the same event, to create a basic semantic structure of concepts. Their relations are the preliminary step leading to the elaboration of a type of controlled language, that will be used for the creation of a simplified language that would in turn establish the basis from translation into Easy to Read texts. In this work,some practical examples of discursive simplification in the Archaeological and Ethnological Museum of Granada allow us to illustrate some theoretical and methodological foundations to tackle the process of Easy Read translation

Museums for all: translation and interpreting for multimodal spaces as a tool for universal accessibility

Audiovisual Translation (AVT) has a scientific responsibility to develop analytical methodologies for the textual phenomenon of multimodality, and for the translation strategies associated with it. At the same time, it should aim to provide studies of universal accessibility with a powerful tool for facilitating access to knowledge. This article offers some reflections on the theoretical foundations of AVT and considers how these are projected in the creation of new professional profiles, with specific application to universal accessibility in the museums.La Traducción Audiovisual (TAV) tiene la responsabilidad científica de desarrollar metodologías de análisis para el fenómeno textual de la multimodalidad así como para sus estrategias de traducción, a la vez que ha de proporcionar a los estudios en accesibilidad universal una poderosa herramienta de acceso al conocimiento. Este artículo ofrece reflexiones en torno a los fundamentos teóricos de la TAV y a la proyección de estos en nuevos perfiles profesionales; todo ello aplicado a la accesibilidad museística universal.This article is the English version of “Museos para todos. La traducción e interpretación para entornos multimodales como herramienta de accesibilidad universal” by Catalina Jiménez Hurtado, Claudia Seibel & Silvia Soler Gallego. It was not published on the print version of MonTI for reasons of space. The online version of MonTI does not suffer from these limitations, and this is our way of promoting plurilingualism.AMATRA Project (P07-SEJ/2660)

Multimodalidad y traducción intersemiótica accesible en entornos museísticos

This paper offers the most relevant results of the teaching innovation project Inclusive Culture through Translation, a project funded by the Teaching Innovation Unit of the University of Granada. This project focuses on implementing innovative approaches to the theory and training of professional translation through the use of universal accessibility to museums and art spaces as a teaching tool. As regards the contents, we worked with certain exhibitis and audiovisual products of the Memory Museum of Andalusia in Granada (posters, panels, labels and videos, among others), which comprised a multimodal innovative source text, in the sense that it was the source of translation material, a documentary source and a new learning space. A number of accessible contents were implemented to users with sensory disabilities and new samples of multimodal teaching materials in different languages and with different levels of specialisation were created, thanks to resources such as audio description of videos for blind users, Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing and easy reading in different media such as video or audio, in the case of users with some type of cognitive disability. This paper describes some of the main terminological problems associated with accessible multimodal and audiovisual translation in museums by using examples from different specialised multimodal texts

Synthesis and Characterization of Ceramide-Containing Liposomes as Membrane Models for Different T Cell Subpopulations

A fine balance of regulatory (Treg) and conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) is required to prevent harmful immune responses, while at the same time ensuring the development of protective immunity against pathogens. As for many cellular processes, sphingolipid metabolism also crucially modulates the Treg/Tconv balance. However, our understanding of how sphingolipid metabolism is involved in T cell biology is still evolving and a better characterization of the tools at hand is required to advance the field. Therefore, we established a reductionist liposomal membrane model system to imitate the plasma membrane of mouse Treg and Tconv with regards to their ceramide content. We found that the capacity of membranes to incorporate externally added azide-functionalized ceramide positively correlated with the ceramide content of the liposomes. Moreover, we studied the impact of the different liposomal preparations on primary mouse splenocytes in vitro. The addition of liposomes to resting, but not activated, splenocytes maintained viability with liposomes containing high amounts of C16-ceramide being most efficient. Our data thus suggest that differences in ceramide post-incorporation into Treg and Tconv reflect differences in the ceramide content of cellular membranes

Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation

INTRODUCTION: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a central role in defining the stromal environment in inflammatory joint diseases. Despite a growing use of FLS isolated from murine inflammatory models, a detailed characterisation of these cells has not been performed. METHODS: In this study, FLS were isolated from inflamed joints of mice expressing both the T cell receptor transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule Ag7 (K/BxN mice) and their purity in culture determined by immunofluorescence and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Basal expression of proinflammatory genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α and corticosterone (the major glucocorticoid in rodents) measured relative to other mesenchymal cell populations. RESULTS: Purity of FLS culture was identified by positive expression of fibronectin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, cluster of differentiation 90.2 (CD90.2) and 248 (CD248) in greater than 98% of the population. Cultured FLS were able to migrate and invade through matrigel, a process enhanced in the presence of TNF-α. FLS isolated from K/BxN mice possessed significantly greater basal expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) when compared to FLS isolated from non-inflamed tissue (IL-6, 3.6 fold; CCL-2, 11.2 fold; VCAM-1, 9 fold; P < 0.05). This elevated expression was abrogated in the presence of corticosterone at 100 nmol/l. TNF-α significantly increased expression of all inflammatory markers to a much greater degree in K/BxN FLS relative to other mesenchymal cell lines (K/BxN; IL-6, 40.8 fold; CCL-2, 1343.2 fold; VCAM-1, 17.8 fold; ICAM-1, 13.8 fold; P < 0.05), with secreted IL-6 mirroring these results (K/BxN; con, 169 ± 29.7 versus TNF-α, 923 ± 378.8 pg/ml/1 × 10(5 )cells; P < 0.05). Dose response experiments confirmed effective concentrations between 10 and 100 nmol/l for corticosterone and 1 and 10 ng/ml for TNF-α, whilst inflammatory gene expression in FLS was shown to be stable between passages four and seven. CONCLUSIONS: This study has established a well characterised set of key inflammatory genes for in vitro FLS culture, isolated from K/BxN mice and non-inflamed wild-type controls. Their response to both pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling has been assessed and shown to strongly resemble that which is seen in human FLS culture. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for the effective characterisation, duration and treatment of murine FLS culture

Insights into the Biodiversity, Behavior, and Bioluminescence of Deep-Sea Organisms Using Molecular and Maritime Technology

Since its founding, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) has pioneered unique capabilities for accessing the deep ocean and its inhabitants through focused peer relationships between scientists and engineers. This focus has enabled breakthroughs in our understanding of life in the sea, leading to fundamental advances in describing the biology and the ecology of open-ocean and deep-sea animals. David Packard’s founding principle was the application of technological advances to studying the deep ocean, in part because he recognized the critical importance of this habitat in a global context. Among other fields, MBARI’s science has benefited from applying novel methodologies in molecular biology and genetics, imaging systems, and in situ observations. These technologies have allowed MBARI’s bioluminescence and biodiversity laboratory and worldwide collaborators to address centuries-old questions related to the biodiversity, behavior, and bio-optical properties of organisms living in the water column, from the surface into the deep sea. Many of the most interesting of these phenomena are in the midwater domain—the vast region of ocean between the sunlit surface waters and the deep seafloor