Distances d’envol de cinq espèces de limicoles nichant dans un lagon méditerranéen perturbées par des piétons ou des bateaux

Les distances d’envol (FID) en réponse à une perturbation pédestre (N = 137) ou en bateau (N = 111) ont été mesurées chez cinq espèces d limicoles nichant dans le lagon de Venise (Italie), l’un des plus importants sites méditerranéens pour les oiseaux d’eau. Des réponses différentes au même stimulus ont été observées selon les espèces. Les différences entre les deux causes de perturbation ont été significatives chez l’Avocette qui a montré une FID plus grande à l’approche d’un bateau (T de Student = 2,18 ; ddl = 28 ; p < 0,05) alors que l’Huîtrier pie affichait une plus FID plus élevée à l’approche d’un piéton (log10 données transformées : T = -5,82 ; df = 123 ; p < 0,001). Chez l’Avocette et l’Échasse, en réponse à un piéton, la FID augmentait de manière significative avec le nombre d’oiseaux concernés par le test. Chez l’Huîtrier pie, une tendance négative significative de la FID (r = -0,47 ; p < 0,05) a été observée au cours de la saison en réponse aux perturbations par des piétons. Les distances de dissuasion, i. e. les distances aux oiseaux devant être respectées par les humains et leurs activités, ont été calculées comme FID moyenne + 2 SD, s’étalant entre 55 m (pour les bateaux vis-à-vis du Chevalier gambette) et 102 m (pour les bateaux vis-à-vis de l’Avocette). Il est proposé une distance conservatrice de 100 m pour les bateaux et les piétons afin de protéger les colonies ou autres sites de nidification des limicoles et d’éviter de les déranger.Flight Initiation Distances (FID) in response to pedestrian (N = 137) and boat (N = 111) disturbance were measured in five species of waders breeding in the lagoon of Venice (Italy), one of the most important sites for waterbirds around the Mediterranean. Different responses to the same stimulus were observed among species. Differences between the two causes of disturbance were significant in Pied Avocet, which showed a higher FID when a boat was approaching (Student’s T = 2.18, d.f. = 28, p < 0.05), while Eurasian Oystercatcher exhibited higher FID when a pedestrian was the cause (log10 transformed data: T = -5.82, d.f. = 123, p < 0.001). In Pied Avocet and Black-winged Stilt, FIDs increased significantly with the number of birds involved in the tests, if a pedestrian was the cause of disturbance. In Eurasian Oystercatcher, a significant negative trend (r = -0.47, p < 0.05) was observed in FID through the season if a pedestrian was the cause of disturbance. Set-back distances, i.e. distances from birds to be observed by humans or humane activities, were calculated as mean FID + 2 SD and ranged between 55 m (Common Redshank, boat disturbance) and 102 m (Pied Avocet, boat disturbance). It is proposed a conservative distance of 100 m for boats and pedestrians to protect colonies or other nesting sites of waders and avoid disturbing these species

Parlamenti generali a Napoli in età aragonese

Il volume, grazie all’edizione critica di tutte le fonti disponibili, di cui molte inedite, studia sistematicamente i 17 parlamenti generali celebrati a Napoli in età aragonese. L’istituto, reintrodotto nel regno da Alfonso il Magnanimo, fu un una sede importante della negoziazione tra la monarchia, i baroni e le città demaniali, seppur non l’unica. Attraverso i parlamenti e altre riunioni simili (parlamenti regionali, consigli regi allargati) si ripercorre tutta la storia del regno dal 1441 al 1500. Dei parlamenti si analizzano le procedure, le scritture, le motivazionie le conclusioni. Essi, nella pur evidente – ma irregolare – continuità, assolsero a funzioni differenti, in relazione alle contingenze politiche, alle diverse posizioni del re, da un lato, e dei convocati dall’altro. Fisco e giustizia sostanziarono le discussioni, e in generale il confronto politico e simbolico tra il re e i suoi sudditi

Importanza di un impianto di fitodepurazione per l’avifauna acquatica nidificante e svernante. Il caso di una Cassa di Colmata (Mira, Venezia, Italia settentrionale)

Nell’impianto di fitodepurazione della Cassa di Colmata A (Mira, Venezia), ampia 110 ha di cui due terzi rappresentati da canneti, durante gli anni 2011-2016 è stata accertata la nidificazione di 17 specie di uccelli acquatici, sia comuni (cigno reale, folaga, tuffetto, germano reale) che di maggior interesse conservazionistico (tarabuso, moretta tabaccata, fistione turco). L’avifauna acquatica svernante include 29 specie; le più abbondati sono risultate germano reale e alzavola, con presenze anche di specie di interesse conservazionistico come moretta tabaccata e tarabuso. Come altri bacini di fitodepurazione, anche quello studiato ha assunto rilevante valore per l’avifauna selvatica nel volgere di un breve periodo di tempo dall’avvio del progetto

Estimating Muscle Power of the Lower Limbs through the 5-Sit-to-Stand Test: A Comparison of Field vs. Laboratory Method

The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is used for lower limb muscle power (MP) determination in field/clinical setting. From the time taken to perform five standing movements and three partially verified assumptions (vertical displacement, mean concentric time, and mean force), MP is estimated as the body's vertical velocity x force. By comparison with a gold standard, laboratory approach (motion capture system and force plate), we aimed to: (1) verify the assumptions; (2) assess the accuracy of the field-estimated MP (MPfield); (3) develop and validate an optimized estimation (MPfield-opt). In 63 older adults (67 +/- 6 years), we compared: (i) estimated and measured assumptions (2-WAY RM ANOVA), (ii) MPfield and MPfield-opt with the reference/laboratory method (MPlab) (2-WAY RM ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), Bland-Altman analysis). There was a significant difference between estimated and measured assumptions (p &lt; 0.001). Following the implementation of the optimized assumptions, MPfield-opt (205.1 +/- 55.3 W) was not significantly different from M-lab (199.5 +/- 57.9 W), with a high correlation (r = 0.86, p &lt; 0.001) and a non-significant bias (5.64 W, p = 0.537). Provided that corrected assumptions are used, 5STS field test is confirmed a valid time- and cost-effective field method for the monitoring of lower limbs MP, a valuable index of health status in aging

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests. Resumen Los bosques tropicales son los ecosistemas más diversos y productivos del mundo y entender su funcionamiento es crítico para nuestro futuro colectivo. Sin embargo, hasta hace muy poco, los esfuerzos para medirlos y monitorearlos han estado muy desconectados. El trabajo en redes es esencial para descubrir las respuestas a preguntas que trascienden las fronteras y los plazos de las agencias de financiamiento. Aquí mostramos cómo una comunidad global está respondiendo a los desafíos de la investigación en ecosistemas tropicales a través de diversos equipos realizando mediciones árbol por árbol en miles de parcelas permanentes de largo plazo. Revisamos los descubrimientos más importantes de este trabajo y discutimos cómo este proceso está cambiando la ciencia relacionada a los bosques tropicales. El enfoque central de nuestro esfuerzo implica la conexión de iniciativas locales de largo plazo con protocolos estandarizados y manejo de datos para producir resultados que se puedan trasladar a múltiples escalas. Conectando investigadores tropicales, elevando su posición y estatus, nuestro modelo de Red Social de Investigación reconoce el rol fundamental que tienen, para el descubrimiento científico, quienes generan o producen los datos. Concebida en 1999 con RAINFOR (Suramérica), nuestras redes de parcelas permanentes han sido adaptadas en África (AfriTRON) y el sureste asiático (T-FORCES) y ampliamente replicadas en el mundo. Actualmente todas estas iniciativas están integradas a través de la ciber-infraestructura de ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países en 24 redes diferentes de parcelas. Colectivamente, estas redes están transformando nuestro conocimiento sobre los bosques tropicales y el rol de éstos en la biósfera. Juntos hemos descubierto cómo, dónde y porqué el carbono y la biodiversidad de los bosques tropicales está respondiendo al cambio climático y cómo se retroalimentan. Esta colaboración pan-tropical de largo plazo ha expuesto un gran sumidero de carbono y sus tendencias, mostrando claramente cuáles son los factores más importantes, qué procesos se ven afectados, dónde ocurren los cambios, los tiempos de reacción y las probables respuestas futuras mientras el clima continúa cambiando. Apalancando lo que realmente es una tecnología antigua, las redes de parcelas están generando una verdadera y moderna revolución en la ciencia tropical. En el futuro, la humanidad puede beneficiarse enormemente si se nutren y cultivan comunidades de investigadores de base, actualmente con la capacidad de generar información única y de largo plazo para entender los que probablemente son los bosques más preciados de la tierra. Resumo Florestas tropicais são os ecossistemas mais diversos e produtivos da Terra. Embora uma boa compreensão destas florestas seja crucial para o nosso futuro coletivo, até muito recentemente os esforços de medições e monitoramento foram amplamente desconexos. É essencial formarmos redes para obtermos respostas que transcendem fronteiras e horizontes de agências financiadoras. Neste estudo nós mostramos como uma comunidade global está respondendo aos desafios da pesquisa de ecossistemas tropicais, com equipes diversas medindo florestas, árvore por árvore, em milhares de parcelas monitoradas à longo prazo. Nós revisamos as maiores descobertas científicas deste trabalho, e mostramos também como este processo está mudando a ciência de florestas tropicais. Nossa abordagem principal envolve unir iniciativas de base a protocolos padronizados e gerenciamento de dados a fim de gerar resultados robustos em escalas ampliadas. Ao conectar pesquisadores tropicais e elevar seus status, nosso modelo de Rede de Pesquisa Social reconhece o papel-chave do produtor dos dados na descoberta científica. Concebida em 1999 com o RAINFOR (América do Sul), nossa rede de parcelas permanentes foi adaptada para África (AfriTRON) e Sudeste asiático (T-FORCES), e tem sido extensamente reproduzida em todo o mundo. Agora estas múltiplas iniciativas estão integradas através de uma infraestrutura cibernética do ForestPlots.net, conectando colegas de 54 países de 24 redes de parcelas. Estas iniciativas estão transformando coletivamente o entendimento das florestas tropicais e seus papéis na biosfera. Juntos nós descobrimos como, onde e por que o carbono e a biodiversidade da floresta estão respondendo às mudanças climáticas, e seus efeitos de retroalimentação. Esta duradoura colaboração pantropical revelou um grande sumidouro de carbono persistente e suas tendências, assim como tem evidenciado quais direcionadores são mais importantes, quais processos florestais são mais afetados, onde eles estão mudando, seus atrasos no tempo de resposta, e as prováveis respostas das florestas tropicais conforme o clima continua a mudar. Dessa forma, aproveitando uma notável tecnologia antiga, redes de parcelas acendem faíscas de uma moderna revolução na ciência das florestas tropicais. No futuro a humanidade pode se beneficiar incentivando estas comunidades basais que agora são coletivamente capazes de gerar conhecimentos únicos e duradouros sobre as florestas mais preciosas da Terra. Résume Les forêts tropicales sont les écosystèmes les plus diversifiés et les plus productifs de la planète. Si une meilleure compréhension de ces forêts est essentielle pour notre avenir collectif, jusqu'à tout récemment, les efforts déployés pour les mesurer et les surveiller ont été largement déconnectés. La mise en réseau est essentielle pour découvrir les réponses à des questions qui dépassent les frontières et les horizons des organismes de financement. Nous montrons ici comment une communauté mondiale relève les défis de la recherche sur les écosystèmes tropicaux avec diverses équipes qui mesurent les forêts arbre après arbre dans de milliers de parcelles permanentes. Nous passons en revue les principales découvertes scientifiques de ces travaux et montrons comment ce processus modifie la science des forêts tropicales. Notre approche principale consiste à relier les initiatives de base à long terme à des protocoles standardisés et une gestion de données afin de générer des résultats solides à grande échelle. En reliant les chercheurs tropicaux et en élevant leur statut, notre modèle de réseau de recherche sociale reconnaît le rôle clé de l'auteur des données dans la découverte scientifique. Conçus en 1999 avec RAINFOR (Amérique du Sud), nos réseaux de parcelles permanentes ont été adaptés à l'Afrique (AfriTRON) et à l'Asie du Sud-Est (T-FORCES) et largement imités dans le monde entier. Ces multiples initiatives sont désormais intégrées via l'infrastructure ForestPlots.net, qui relie des collègues de 54 pays à travers 24 réseaux de parcelles. Ensemble, elles transforment la compréhension des forêts tropicales et de leur rôle biosphérique. Ensemble, nous avons découvert comment, où et pourquoi le carbone forestier et la biodiversité réagissent au changement climatique, et comment ils y réagissent. Cette collaboration pan-tropicale à long terme a révélé un important puits de carbone à long terme et ses tendances, tout en mettant en évidence les facteurs les plus importants, les processus forestiers qui sont affectés, les endroits où ils changent, les décalages et les réactions futures probables des forêts tropicales à mesure que le climat continue de changer. En tirant parti d'une technologie remarquablement ancienne, les réseaux de parcelles déclenchent une révolution très moderne dans la science des forêts tropicales. À l'avenir, l'humanité pourra grandement bénéficier du soutien des communautés de base qui sont maintenant collectivement capables de générer une compréhension unique et à long terme des forêts les plus précieuses de la Terre. Abstrak Hutan tropika adalah di antara ekosistem yang paling produktif dan mempunyai kepelbagaian biodiversiti yang tinggi di seluruh dunia. Walaupun pemahaman mengenai hutan tropika amat penting untuk masa depan kita, usaha-usaha untuk mengkaji dan mengawas hutah-hutan tersebut baru sekarang menjadi lebih diperhubungkan. Perangkaian adalah sangat penting untuk mencari jawapan kepada soalan-soalan yang menjangkaui sempadan dan batasan agensi pendanaan. Di sini kami menunjukkan bagaimana sebuah komuniti global bertindak balas terhadap cabaran penyelidikan ekosistem tropika melalui penglibatan pelbagai kumpulan yang mengukur hutan secara pokok demi pokok dalam beribu-ribu plot jangka panjang. Kami meninjau semula penemuan saintifik utama daripada kerja ini dan menunjukkan bagaimana proses ini sedang mengubah bidang sains hutan tropika. Teras pendekatan kami memberi tumpuan terhadap penghubungan inisiatif akar umbi jangka panjang dengan protokol standar serta pengurusan data untuk mendapatkan hasil skala besar yang kukuh. Dengan menghubungkan penyelidik-penyelidik tropika dan meningkatkan status mereka, model Rangkaian Penyelidikan Sosial kami mengiktiraf kepentingan peranan pengasas data dalam penemuan saintifik. Bermula dengan pengasasan RAINFOR (Amerika Selatan) pada tahun 1999, rangkaian-rangkaian plot kekal kami kemudian disesuaikan untuk Afrika (AfriTRON) dan Asia Tenggara (T-FORCES) dan selanjutnya telah banyak dicontohi di seluruh dunia. Kini, inisiatif-inisiatif tersebut disepadukan melalui infrastruktur siber ForestPlots.net yang menghubungkan rakan sekerja dari 54 negara di 24 buah rangkaian plot. Secara kolektif, rangkaian ini sedang mengubah pemahaman tentang hutan tropika dan peranannya dalam biosfera. Kami telah bekerjasama untuk menemukan bagaimana, di mana dan mengapa karbon serta biodiversiti hutan bertindak balas terhadap perubahan iklim dan juga bagaimana mereka saling bermaklum balas. Kolaborasi pan-tropika jangka panjang ini telah mendedahkan sebuah sinki karbon jangka panjang serta arah alirannya dan juga menjelaskan pemandu-pemandu perubahan yang terpenting, di mana dan bagaimana proses hutan terjejas, masa susul yang ada dan kemungkinan tindakbalas hutan tropika pada perubahan iklim secara berterusan di masa depan. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan lama, rangkaian plot sedang menyalakan revolusi yang amat moden dalam sains hutan tropika. Pada masa akan datang, manusia sejagat akan banyak mendapat manfaat jika memupuk komuniti-komuniti akar umbi yang kini berkemampuan secara kolektif menghasilkan pemahaman unik dan jangka panjang mengenai hutan-hutan yang paling berharga di dunia

Flight initiation distances in relation to pedestrian and boat disturbance in five species of waders breeding in a Mediterranean Lagoon

Flight Initiation Distances (FID) in response to pedestrian (N = 137) and boat (N = 111) disturbance were measured in five species of waders breeding in the lagoon of Venice (Italy), one of the most important sites for waterbirds around the Mediterranean. Different responses to the same stimulus were observed among species. Differences between the two causes of disturbance were significant in Pied Avocet, which showed a higher FID when a boat was approaching (Student’s T = 2.18, d. f. = 28, p < 0.05), while Eurasian Oystercatcher exhibited higher FID when a pedestrian was the cause (log10 transformed data : T = -5.82, d. f. = 123, p < 0.001). In Pied Avocet and Black-winged Stilt, FIDs increased significantly with the number of birds involved in the tests, if a pedestrian was the cause of disturbance. In Eurasian Oystercatcher, a significant negative trend (r = -0.47, p < 0.05) was observed in FID through the season if a pedestrian was the cause of disturbance. Set-back distances, i. e. distances from birds to be observed by humans or humane activities, were calculated as mean FID + 2 SD and ranged between 55 m (Common Redshank, boat disturbance) and 102 m (Pied Avocet, boat disturbance). It is proposed a conservative distance of 100 m for boats and pedestrians to protect colonies or other nesting sites of waders and avoid disturbing these species.Distances d’envol de cinq espèces de limicoles nichant dans un lagon méditerranéen perturbées par des piétons ou des bateaux. Les distances d’envol (FID) en réponse à une perturbation pédestre (N = 137) ou en bateau (N = 111) ont été mesurées chez cinq espèces d limicoles nichant dans le lagon de Venise (Italie), l’un des plus importants sites méditerranéens pour les oiseaux d’eau. Des réponses différentes au même stimulus ont été observées selon les espèces. Les différences entre les deux causes de perturbation ont été significatives chez l’Avocette qui a montré une FID plus grande à l’approche d’un bateau (T de Student = 2,18 ; ddl = 28 ; p < 0,05) alors que l’Huîtrier pie affichait une plus FID plus élevée à l’approche d’un piéton (log10 données transformées : T = -5,82 ; df = 123 ; p < 0,001). Chez l’Avocette et l’Échasse, en réponse à un piéton, la FID augmentait de manière significative avec le nombre d’oiseaux concernés par le test. Chez l’Huîtrier pie, une tendance négative significative de la FID (r = -0,47 ; p < 0,05) a été observée au cours de la saison en réponse aux perturbations par des piétons. Les distances de dissuasion, i. e. les distances aux oiseaux devant être respectées par les humains et leurs activités, ont été calculées comme FID moyenne + 2 SD, s’étalant entre 55 m (pour les bateaux vis-à-vis du Chevalier gambette) et 102 m (pour les bateaux vis-à-vis de l’Avocette). Il est proposé une distance conservatrice de 100 m pour les bateaux et les piétons afin de protéger les colonies ou autres sites de nidification des limicoles et d’éviter de les déranger.Scarton Francesco. Flight initiation distances in relation to pedestrian and boat disturbance in five species of waders breeding in a Mediterranean Lagoon . In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 73, n°3, 2018. pp. 375-384

Parlamenti generali a Napoli nell\u2019et\ue0 di Alfonso e Ferrante d\u2019Aragona

A differenza di altre realtà coeve – come le cortes castigliane e le corts aragonesi – il Parlamento generale del regno di Napoli fu, nell’età di Alfonso il Magnanimo e di suo figlio Ferrante (1441-’94), un’istituzione molto fluida sotto tutti gli aspetti: perché la sua cadenza fu irregolare, soprattutto sotto Ferrante; perché composizione e competenze si modificarono nel corso di quel mezzo secolo; perché non fu la massima occasione formale di contrattazione tra i poteri del regno, in particolare tra il re e la feudalità, i cui interessi furono rappresentati talvolta da un ristretto gruppo di baroni nei Consigli regi allargati. La differenza più evidente rispetto alle altre monarchie europee attiene tuttavia all’aspetto documentario. Le fonti sui parlamenti napoletani di età aragonese sono disperse e frammentarie perché le assemblee di Alfonso e Ferrante non diedero origine nel Quattrocento a una serie documentaria autonoma, né i capitoli concessi in quelle occasioni furono mai oggetto di edizioni sistematiche in età moderna, come avvenne ad esempio nel regno di Sicilia. In questo saggio si presenta un repertorio dei parlamenti generali di Napoli (19 in circa 45 anni, di cui soltanto 11 erano già conosciuti) e si analizzano i problemi di identificazione dei parlamenti, il loro cerimoniale e le materie discusse

Long-term trends (1989-2013) in the seabird community breeding in the lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The community of seabirds breeding in the lagoon of Venice, one of the largest around the Mediterranean, was monitored over the 1989-2013 period. Six species have been recorded (Larus michahellis, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Larus melanocephalus, Sternula albifrons, Sterna hirundo, Sterna sandvicensis). Over the study period, 346 colonies were surveyed; they were located on saltmarsh islets, dredge islands and other artificial sites, in descending order of importance. Beaches were used only at the beginning of the survey. About 4,900 pairs bred in the 2009-2013 years. The community has been always dominated by L. michahellis; in the 2009-2013, this species and S. sandvicensis comprised about 70% of the total. The longterm trends show moderate increase in the size of the whole community. Contrasting trends were observed in different species, with L. michahellis, S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis stable or increasing, whereas C. ridibundus and S. hirundo were declining. The number of pairs nesting on artificial sites increased over the last 15 years, while those on saltmarsh islets decreased correspondingly. This was possibly a response to the increase of mean sea level and storminess observed in the last twenty-five years. S. albifrons and S. sandvicensis populations reached national importance; the population of the latter species is noteworthy at a Mediterranean level

Parlamenti generali a Napoli in età aragonese

ITALIANO: Il volume, grazie all’edizione critica di tutte le fonti disponibili, di cui molte inedite, studia sistematicamente i 17 parlamenti generali celebrati a Napoli in età aragonese. L’istituto, reintrodotto nel regno da Alfonso il Magnanimo, fu un una sede importante della negoziazione tra la monarchia, i baroni e le città demaniali, seppur non l’unica. Attraverso i parlamenti e altre riunioni simili (parlamenti regionali, consigli regi allargati) si ripercorre tutta la storia del regno dal 1441 al 1500. Dei parlamenti si analizzano le procedure, le scritture, le motivazionie le conclusioni. Essi, nella pur evidente – ma irregolare – continuità, assolsero a funzioni differenti, in relazione alle contingenze politiche, alle diverse posizioni del re, da un lato, e dei convocati dall’altro. Fisco e giustizia sostanziarono le discussioni, e in generale il confronto politico e simbolico tra il re e i suoi sudditi. / ENGLISH: The volume edits all sources relating the Neapolitan parliaments during the Aragonese era. Reintroducted in Southern Italy by Alfonso the Magnanimous, parliaments were an important institution for the relations between the Crown, the barons ad the desmenial towns, although it was not the only occasion of negotiating. The analysis of seventeen parliaments and other similar assemblies (regional parliaments, afforced Royal Councils) allow us to study the entire history of the Kingdom from 1441 to 1500. In this context the authors examine the parliaments’ proceedings, records, motivations and conclusions. The Neapolitan parliaments were not regular but had important different functions, according to the historical context and the different positions of the Kings, on one side, and of summoned members, on the other side. Taxation and justice were the main issues of the political and symbolic confrontation between the sovereign and the subjects