LEITURA PARA A COMUNICAÇÃO

LEITURA PARA A COMUNICAÇÃ

Ações da Incubadora Social On-Line da UERGS em Erechim/RS

Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as atividades realizadas pela incubadora social on-line da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS) na Unidade Universitária em Erechim no assessoramento de empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Este relato de experiência se caracteriza como um estudo descritivo em que os dados foram apurados entre abril a dezembro de 2021 através da técnica de pesquisa-ação. A Incubadora foi criada em abril de 2021 e tem oferecido serviços de assessoria para organizações da agricultura familiar, economia solidária e microempreendedores individuais (MEIs). O primeiro empreendimento assessorado foi a Cooperativa de Desenvolvimento Regional Ltda (COOPERFAMILIA), localizada na cidade de Erechim-RS. As atividades de assessoramento tem buscado promover a divulgação dos produtos agroalimentares comercializados pela cooperativa, além de reforçar a importância da cooperativa para a inclusão social e produtiva dos agricultores familiares na Região do Alto Uruguai - RS

An update on ozone profile trends for the period 2000 to 2016

Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and from ground-based data measured by four techniques at stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant ozone increases in the upper stratosphere, between 35 and 48 km altitude (5 and 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), ozone has been increasing by about 1.5 % per decade in the tropics (20° S to 20° N), and by 2 to 2.5 % per decade in the 35 to 60° latitude bands of both hemispheres. At levels below 35 km (5 hPa), 2000 to 2016 ozone trends are smaller and not statistically significant. The observed trend profiles are consistent with expectations from chemistry climate model simulations. This study confirms positive trends of upper stratospheric ozone already reported, e.g., in the WMO/UNEP Ozone Assessment 2014 or by Harris et al. (2015). Compared to those studies, three to four additional years of observations, updated and improved data sets with reduced drift, and the fact that nearly all individual data sets indicate ozone increase in the upper stratosphere, all give enhanced confidence. Uncertainties have been reduced, for example for the trend near 2 hPa in the 35 to 60° latitude bands from about ±5 % (2σ) in Harris et al. (2015) to less than ±2 % (2σ). Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of possible drifts and differences between various data sources is still required, as is a detailed attribution of the observed increases to declining ozone-depleting substances and to stratospheric cooling. Ongoing quality observations from multiple independent platforms are key for verifying that recovery of the ozone layer continues as expected

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages

Study of the B−→Λc+Λˉc−K−B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-} decay

The decay $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $\Lambda_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $\Xi_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$m(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ \Gamma(\Xi_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},$$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $\Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $\Xi_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,\sigma$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $\Xi_{c}(2790)^{0} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,\sigma$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to \Lambda_{c}^{+} \bar{\Lambda}_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages

Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions R(D∗)\mathcal{R}(D^{*}) and R(D0)\mathcal{R}(D^{0})

The ratios of branching fractions $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})\equiv\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(\bar{B}\to D^{*}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})\equiv\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\tau^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\tau})/\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to D^{0}\mu^{-}\bar{\nu}_{\mu})$ are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb${ }^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode $\tau^{-}\to\mu^{-}\nu_{\tau}\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$. The measured values are $\mathcal{R}(D^{*})=0.281\pm0.018\pm0.024$ and $\mathcal{R}(D^{0})=0.441\pm0.060\pm0.066$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these measurements is $\rho=-0.43$. Results are consistent with the current average of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb public pages

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Assessment of weight and mode of transport of school material in highschool students

Objetivos: Identificar e comparar o modo de transporte e o peso do material escolar utilizado por escolares entre o 2º, 5º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental. Métodos: Dentre as escolas do município Dois Irmãos (RS), uma escola foi sorteada e 58 escolares foram pesquisados por meio de questionário, que avaliou o acessório utilizado para transportar o material escolar e a forma de transporte. As variáveis antropométricas e o peso do material escolar foram mensurados ao longo de cinco dias. A análise do questionário envolveu tabelas de frequência e teste do qui-quadrado. O peso médio do material, relativo ao peso corporal e registrado ao longo da semana, foi analisado por ANOVA one-way e ao teste post hoc de Bonferroni.Resultados: Escolares do 2º, 5º e 9º anos transportam seu material nas costas, em mochila com duas alças (60, 77,3 e 85,5%, respectivamente, p<0,05), apoiadas sobre os ombros (60, 77,3 e 81%, respectivamente; p<0,05). A média do peso da mochila relativo ao peso corporal no 2º, 5º e 9º anos foi 7,2±2,3, 8,8±3,0 e 5,9±1,7%, respectiva¬mente, com diferença significativa apenas entre escolares do 5º e 9º anos. Conclusões: Os escolares do 2º, 5º e 9º anos transportam preferencialmente seu material escolar utilizando a mochila com duas alças nas costas apoiadas simetricamente sobre os ombros. Independentemente do ano escolar, o peso da mochila transportada foi inferior a 10% do peso corporal; os escolares do 5º ano foram os que transportaram mochilas com maiores cargas.Objectives: To identify the way school material is carried and the weight of the material carried, and to compare these findings for 2nd, 5th and 9th graders. Methods: This study evaluated 58 students from a randomly selected school in Dois Irmãos, a city in southern Brazil, using anthropometric variables and a questionnaire to identify what schoolchildren used to carry school material and the way it was carried. School material was weighed over a five-day period. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the responses to the questionnaires. Mean weight of the school material, normalized by body weight, was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test (a=0.05).Results: Second, 5th and 9th graders carried their own material using a backpack with two straps (60.0%, 77.3%, and 85.5%, p<0.05) over their shoulders (60.0%, 77.3%, and 81.0%, p<0.05), and mean rate of schoolbag weight to body weight was 7.2%±2.3, 8.8%±3.0, and 5.9%±1.7. The only significant difference (p<0.05) was between 5th and 9th graders. Conclusion: Students in the 2nd, 5th and 9th grades prefer to carry their school material using a backpack with two straps symmetrically placed over the shoulders. Regardless of school grade, the backpack weight was less than 10% of body weight, and 5th graders carried the heaviest relative loads.Objetivos: Identificar y comparar el modo de transporte y el peso del material escolar utilizado por escolares entre el 2º, 5º y 9º años de la enseñanza fundamental. Métodos: Entre las escuelas del municipio de Dois Irmãos (RS, Brasil), una escuela fue sorteada y 58 escolares fueron investigados mediante cuestionario, que evaluó el accesorio utilizado para transportar el material escolar y la forma de transporte, las variables antropométricas y el peso del material escolar fueron medidos a lo largo de cinco días. El análisis del cuestionario envolvió tablas de frecuencia y test del chi-cuadrado. El peso mediano del material, relativo al peso corporal, registrado a lo largo de la semana, fue sometido por ANOVA one-way y por el test post hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Resultados: Escolares del 2º, 5º y 9º años transportaron su material a la espalda, en mochila con dos asas (60, 77,3 y 85,5%, respectivamente, p<0,05), apoyadas sobre los hombros (60, 77,3 y 81%, respectivamente; p<0,05). El promedio del peso de la mochila relativo al peso corporal en el 2º, 5º y 9º años fue 7,2±2,3, 8,8±3,0 y 5,9±1,7%, respectivamente, con diferencia significativa solamente entre los escolares del 5º y 9º años. Conclusiones: Los escolares del 2º, 5º y 9º años transportan preferencialmente su material escolar utilizando la mochila con dos asas a la espalda apoyada simétricamente sobre los hombros. Independientemente del año escolar, el peso de la mochila transportada fue inferior al 10% del peso corporal; los escolares del 5º años fueron los que transportaron mochilas con mayores cargas

Exercise at home program “DomiGym” contributes to the prevention of falls in vulnera-ble elderly people

Background Eighty-eight thousand fall accidents occur each year in Switzerland among people aged 65 and over, which cause a lot of personal suffering and economic costs  Beratungsstelle für Unfallverhütung BFU, 2019). The exercise at home program “DomiGym - Bewegungsangebot zu Hause” (in short: DomiGym) of Pro Senectute Switzerland aims to maintain mobility, counteract the risk of falls and promote social contacts as well as social participation and psychosocial health. Vulnerable, elderly people enjoy with DomiGym an adapted, regular training program focused on strength and balance, in their own homes or in their neighborhoods. Methodology The implementation and effects of the DomiGym offers in the cantons of Zug and Zurich were evaluated using various methodological approaches: tests of strength (Chair-Stand-Test; Mehmet et al., 2019), of balance (Modified Romberg; Agrawa et al., 2011) and of functional mobility (Timed-Up-and-Go-Test; Marks, 2016) as well as written surveys of participants (based on standardized scales used in the Swiss Health Survey). Results On average participants reduced fall risk and improved functional mobility and leg strength (p &lt; 0.05). In a subsample of the canton of Zug, the Timed-Up-and-Go-Test (functional mobility and fall risk) improved by an average of 2.3 seconds (p &lt; 0.005) and the balance test (Romberg) improved by 1.8 seconds (p = 0.005). Over the course of a training series the reduction in fall risk proved clinically relevant in both cantons. Scores on the Timed-Up-and-Go-Test fell on average below the threshold of 13.5 seconds discriminating between fallers and non-fallers. Chair-stand test: Participants improved on average from an initial very high fall risk to an increased fall risk (below 15 seconds). In fact the subsample of canton Zug improved by an average of 3.96 seconds (clinically relevant with regard to the reduction of falls) and the subsample of canton Zurich improved by an average of 2.17 seconds (approximately clinically relevant; threshold value 2.3 seconds; Meretta et al., 2006). DomiGym improved the general health (67%) of most participants and either maintained the original walking level (80%) or even improved it (15%). The majority of DomiGym participants do gymnastic exercises at least weekly outside of DomiGym training. DomiGym participants positively change their movement behavior in everyday life. Conclusions Pro Senectute’s DomiGym reaches older people who cannot or do not want to attend out-of-home physical activity programs. The implementation of DomiGym improves the physical functions of leg strength, functional mobility, and balance, as well as the risk of falls in vulnerable elderly people. It can be assumed that DomiGym reduces the frequency of falls in the long term, contributes to the preservation of mobility and independence in everyday life, including a longer stay in their own homes. References Agrawa, Y., Carey, J. P., Hoffman, H. J., Sklare, D. A., &amp; Schubert, M. C. (2011). The modified Romberg balance test: Normative data in US adults. Otology &amp; Neurotology, 32(8), 1309-1311. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e31822e5bee Beratungsstelle für Unfallverhütung BFU. (2019). Status 2019: Statistik der Nichtberufsunfälle und des Sicherheitsniveaus in der Schweiz. Strassenverkehr, Sport, Haus und Freizeit [Status 2019: Statistics on non-occupational accidents and safety levels in Switzerland. Road traffic, sports, home and leisure]. BFU. https://doi.org/10.13100/bfu.2.360.01 Marks, D. (2016). Aufstehen – Gehen – Umdrehen – Gehen – Hinsetzen – Timed-up-and-go-Test [Stand up – walk – turn around – walk – sit down – timed-up-and-go test]. physiopraxis, 14(07/08), 56-57. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-108951 Mehmet, H., Yang, A. W. H., &amp; Robinson, S. R. (2019). What is the optimal chair stand test protocol for older adults? A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(20), 2828-2835. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1575922 Meretta, B. M., Whitney, S. L., Marchetti, G. F., Sparto, P. J., &amp; Muirhead, R. J. (2006). The five times sit to stand test: Responsiveness to change and concurrent validity in adults undergoing vestibular rehabilitation. Journal of Vestibular Research, 16(4-5). 233-243. https://doi.org/10.3233/VES-2006-164-51