Diversité, structure et endémicité des communautés de vers de terre et de collemboles dans une hêtraie peu aménagée des Pyrénées (France)

We assessed and compared patterns of biodiversity and the composition of two soil invertebrate communities (Collembola and Lumbricidae) in three slightly managed plots in a beech forest of the French Pyrenees. The plots were managed in three different ways: an even-aged (REG), a closed unevenaged stand (NAT ), and an open uneven-aged full-grown stand (IRR ). At each sampling point, earthworms and Collembola from litter, soil, and pitfall traps were collected, and nine edaphic and environmental parameters were measured. The fauna collected was rich in species, and endemic and rare taxa. No clear-cut differences in species richness appeared between plots. Nevertheless, (1) the less disturbed plot, i.e. NAT , hosted a slightly larger number of endemic and rare species than IRR and REG; (2) the structure of both communities in NAT, REG and IRR differed significantly depending on the site elevation and organic nitrogen content (higher in NAT ), soil surface temperature and soil pH level (higher in IRR ), and humus index and soil water content (higher in REG ). Those factors, except elevation, may be explained by the canopy opening partly controlled by management practices; (3) a side aspect of the study was to show that sampling exhaustiveness required more sampling effort for soil than for litter, and more for Lumbricidae than for Collembola. In a broader context, the case documented in this study suggests that management practices with limited clearing of forest cover affect soil biodiversity only slightly, which is in sharp contrast with the collapse in endemic biodiversity induced by reafforestationNous avons évalué et comparé les patrons de biodiversité et la composition de deux communautés d'invertébrés du sol (collemboles et lombrics) dans trois parcelles peu aménagées d'une hêtraie-sapinière dans les Pyrénées françaises. Ces parcelles sont gérées selon trois modalités différentes: une futaie régulière (REG), une futaie irrégulière fermée (NAT) et une futaie irrégulière ouverte (IRR). À chaque point d'échantillonnage les vers de terre et les collemboles ont été collectés dans la litière, le sol et au moyen de pièges Barber, et neuf paramètres édaphiques et environnementaux ont été mesurés. La faune récoltée était riche en espèces ainsi qu'en taxons rares et endémiques. Aucune différence marquée de la richesse spécifique n'est apparue entre les parcelles. Néanmoins (1) le site le moins perturbé, i.e. NAT, hébergeait un nombre légèrement plus élevé d'espèces endémiques et rares que IRR et REG; (2) la structure des deux communautés différait significativement entre NAT, REG et IRR selon l'altitude du site et la teneur en azote organique (plus forte dans NAT), la température à la surface du sol et le pH du sol (plus élevés dans IRR), ainsi que l'indice d'humus et la teneur en eau du sol (plus élevés en REG). Ces facteurs, à l'exception de l'altitude, peuvent s'expliquer par l'ouverture de la canopée partiellement contrôlée par les pratiques de gestion; (3) un à-côté de cette étude est d'avoir montré que l'exhaustivité de l'échantillonnage requiert plus d'efforts pour le sol que pour la litière, et plus pour les lombrics que pour les collemboles. Dans un contexte plus large, le cas traité dans cette étude suggère que des pratiques de gestion avec un éclaircissement limité du couvert forestier n'affectent que légèrement la biodiversité du sol, ce qui contraste fortement avec l'effondrement de la biodiversité endémique qu'induit la reforestation

Can parasites halt the invader? Mermithid nematodes parasitizing the yellow-legged Asian hornet in France

Since its introduction in France 10 years ago, the yellow-legged Asian bee-hawking hornet Vespa velutina has rapidly spread to neighboring countries (Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Italy, and Germany), becoming a new threat to beekeeping activities. While introduced species often leave behind natural enemies from their original home, which benefits them in their new environment, they can also suffer local recruitment of natural enemies. Three mermithid parasitic subadults were obtained from V. velutina adults in 2012, from two French localities. However, these were the only parasitic nematodes reported up to now in Europe, in spite of the huge numbers of nests destroyed each year and the recent examination of 33,000 adult hornets. This suggests that the infection of V. velutina by these nematodes is exceptional. Morphological criteria assigned the specimens to the genus Pheromermis and molecular data (18S sequences) to the Mermithidae, due to the lack of Pheromermis spp. sequences in GenBank. The species is probably Pheromermis vesparum, a parasite of social wasps in Europe. This nematode is the second native enemy of Vespa velutina recorded in France, after a conopid fly whose larvae develop as internal parasitoids of adult wasps and bumblebees. In this paper, we provide arguments for the local origin of the nematode parasite and its limited impact on hornet colony survival. We also clarify why these parasites (mermithids and conopids) most likely could not hamper the hornet invasion nor be used in biological control programs against this invasive species.Keywords: France, Invasive species, Asian hornet, Nematodes, Biological control, Hymenopter

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Expansion en 2011 de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en Europe (Hym., Vespidae)

Rome Quentin, Muller Franck, Villemant Claire. Expansion en 2011 de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en Europe (Hym., Vespidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 117 (1),2012. p. 114

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Observations sur le Frelon asiatique à pattes jaunes, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Observations on the Yellow-Legged Hornet Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Sampling performed in May 2010 during a trip in Indonesia provided data on the distribution of different varieties of Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in this archipelago as well as on foraging and hunting behavior of the species. These data contribute to a better understanding of the feeding behavior of this invasive hornet introduced in France before 2004.Les collectes réalisées en mai 2010 lors d'une mission en Indonésie ont permis d'acquérir des données sur la distribution de différentes variétés de Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, présentes sur cet archipel, ainsi que sur le comportement de chasse et de butinage de l'espèce. Ces données aident à une meilleure compréhension du comportement alimentaire de ce frelon invasif introduit en France avant 2004.Perrard Adrien, Muller Franck, Rome Quentin, Villemant Claire. Observations sur le Frelon asiatique à pattes jaunes, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 116 (2),2011. pp. 159-164

Bilan 2008 de l’invasion de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

2008 assessment of Vespa velutina Lepeletier spread in France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). The Asiatic hornet Vespa velutina, which was introduced before 2004, already spread throughout almost all the south-west of France. After extensive data validation, nest records registered on the INPN (MNHN) data base enabled to draw the annual spread of the invasive species. We describe here the data validation criteria and assess the evolution of the number and distribution of recorded nests from 2004 to 2008.Le Frelon asiatique Vespa velutina, introduit avant 2004, s’est depuis largement répandu dans la quasitotalité du sud-ouest de la France. Après un important travail de validation des données, l’enregistrement des signalements de nids sur la base de l’INPN (MNHN) a permis de cartographier l’expansion annuelle de l’invasion. Nous décrivons ici les critères de validation pris en compte et faisons le bilan de la situation en analysant l’évolution du nombre de nids recensés et leur distribution de 2004 à 2008.Rome Quentin, Muller Franck, Gargominy Olivier, Villemant Claire. Bilan 2008 de l’invasion de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 114 (3),2009. pp. 297-302

Observations sur le Frelon asiatique à pattes jaunes, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

Observations on the Yellow-Legged Hornet Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). Sampling performed in May 2010 during a trip in Indonesia provided data on the distribution of different varieties of Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, in this archipelago as well as on foraging and hunting behavior of the species. These data contribute to a better understanding of the feeding behavior of this invasive hornet introduced in France before 2004.Les collectes réalisées en mai 2010 lors d'une mission en Indonésie ont permis d'acquérir des données sur la distribution de différentes variétés de Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836, présentes sur cet archipel, ainsi que sur le comportement de chasse et de butinage de l'espèce. Ces données aident à une meilleure compréhension du comportement alimentaire de ce frelon invasif introduit en France avant 2004.Perrard Adrien, Muller Franck, Rome Quentin, Villemant Claire. Observations sur le Frelon asiatique à pattes jaunes, Vespa velutina Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 116 (2),2011. pp. 159-164

Bilan 2008 de l’invasion de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)

2008 assessment of Vespa velutina Lepeletier spread in France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). The Asiatic hornet Vespa velutina, which was introduced before 2004, already spread throughout almost all the south-west of France. After extensive data validation, nest records registered on the INPN (MNHN) data base enabled to draw the annual spread of the invasive species. We describe here the data validation criteria and assess the evolution of the number and distribution of recorded nests from 2004 to 2008.Le Frelon asiatique Vespa velutina, introduit avant 2004, s’est depuis largement répandu dans la quasitotalité du sud-ouest de la France. Après un important travail de validation des données, l’enregistrement des signalements de nids sur la base de l’INPN (MNHN) a permis de cartographier l’expansion annuelle de l’invasion. Nous décrivons ici les critères de validation pris en compte et faisons le bilan de la situation en analysant l’évolution du nombre de nids recensés et leur distribution de 2004 à 2008.Rome Quentin, Muller Franck, Gargominy Olivier, Villemant Claire. Bilan 2008 de l’invasion de Vespa velutina Lepeletier en France (Hymenoptera, Vespidae). In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 114 (3),2009. pp. 297-302