Píldoras audiovisuales como herramienta para la adquisición de conocimientos de programación en Ingeniería Química

Memoria ID2022-... Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2022-2023

Optimal Integrated Plant for Biodegradable Polymer Production.

[EN] An integrated facility for the production of biodegradable polymers from biomass residues has been developed. Lignocellulosic residues (sawdust), CO2, and organic waste such as manure or sludge are the raw materials. Manure and sludge are digested to provide the nutrients needed to grow algae. Algae are used in full to oil and starch production. The oil is transesterified with methanol generated via biogas dry reforming to obtain biodiesel and glycerol. The starch is used together with glycerol and the pretreated sawdust for the production of the biodegradable polymer. A mathematical optimization approach is used to identify the best use of each resource and the optimal operation of the integrated facility for each case. 4732 kt/yr of manure or 4653 kt/yr of sludge was processed to produce 354 kt/yr of biopolymer and 84 Mgal/yr of fatty acid methyl ester, capturing 2.47 kg of CO2 per kg of biopolymer with production costs of 0.89 and 0.95 $/kg, respectively, and an investment capital of 717 and 712 M$, respectively.European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement USAL GIR PSEM3 USAL Banco Santander FP

Sustainability of traditional ecological knowledge: importance, distribution, endemicity and conservation of Spanish medicinal plants

Trabajo presentado en la 58th Annual Meeting of the Society for Economic Botany (Living in a global world: local knowledge ans sustainability), celebrada en Braganza (Portugal) del 4 al 9 de junio de 2017.-- IECTB authors: L Aceituno, R Acosta, A Alvarez, E Barroso, J Blanco, MA Bonet, L Calvet, E Carrio, R Cavero, U DAmbrosio , L Delgado, J Fajardo, I Fernandez-Ordonez, J Garcia, T Garnatje, JA Gonzalez, R Gonzalez-Tejero, A Gras, E Hernandez-Bermejo, E Laguna, JA Latorre, C. Lopez, MJ Macia, E Marcos, V Martinez, G Menendez, M Molina, R Morales, LM Munoz, C Obon, R Ontillera, M Parada, A Perdomo, I Perez, MP Puchades, V Reyes-Garcia, M Rigat, S Rios, D Rivera, R Rodriguez, O Rodriguez, R Roldan, L San Joaquin, FJ Tardio, JR Vallejo, J Valles, H Velasco and A Verde.More than 17,000 of the plant species of the world have been used as medicines. The Mediterranean basin, and specifically Spain, has a great floristic and ethnobotanical richness, comprising its useful flora around 3,000 plant species. This paper studies medicinal plants traditionally used in Spain in order to analyze the sustainability of their exploitation. Given that sustainability is related to the amount of the resource and its gathering pressure, its availability and cultural importance were analysed based on: the number of papers cited from a selection of over 180 papers, the number of 10x10 km UTM grid cells in which the plants were represented, the number of phytosociological inventories in which the presence of the plant has been registered, and searched on their current conservation status in European, national and regional legislations. The total number of wild or naturalized medicinal species in Spain reaches 1,393, 15% of them being endemic. A positive correlation was found among cultural importance and abundance (ρ=0.48) and among cultural importance and distribution (ρ=0.502), showing that abundant widely distributed species are those more commonly used. Most of the medicinal plants (72%) do not appear on the consulted regulations and do not have any legal protection or known threat and only 11 species are registered in any of the annexes of the European Habitats directive. While this study confirms that people tend to select as medicinal abundant and widely distributed species, many other criteria are used for selecting them.Peer reviewe

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 46 Número 1-6

l. Suelos-Química Análisis de los procesos de alteración y neoformación en sistemas edáficos a partir de consideraciones termodinámicas de equilibrios solución-mineral. Por M. L. Fernández Marcos y F. Macías.-- Estudio de la materia orgánica y naturaleza de los compuestos hllmicos en suelos afectados por sales. Por P. Gómez, J. Gumuzzio y A. Polo.-- Factores formadores y características mineralógicas de suelos desarrollados sobre el Karst de Larra (Pirineo Occidental). Por J. López Martínez, J. Casas y J. L. Martín Vidales.-- Variación estacional de la composición de la disolución de suelos de Galicia en relación con el tipo de horizonte y material original. Por M. L. Fernández Marcos y F. Macías.-- Génesis, Clasificación y Cartografía Reconocimiento y evaluación de suelos del Valle del Guadalquivir: Zona Marmolejo-Menjibar (Jaén). l. Relaciones geomorfología-suelos. Por J. Gil, L. Corral y G. Paneque.-- Fertilidad Influencia del pH del suelo sobre el desarrollo y producción de la Piña tropical en Canarias, l.-Fertilidad del suelo y nutrición mineral. Por A. E. Carracedo Torres, C. E. Alvarez González, V. García García y C. García Corujo.-- Absorción de P por Rye-grass y el fósforo asimilable de suelos aluviales y autoctonos del Valle del Ebro. Por B. Eleizalde t y V. Hernando.-- ll. Biología Vegetal-Nutrición Evolución de los contenidos minerales de raíz, tallo y hoja de plantas de tomate como índices de nutrición. Por O. Carpena Artes, A. Masaguer Rodríguez y M. J. Sarro Casillas.-- Quelación por Dtpa de oligoelementos en suelos calizos. Ecuación modificada de Freundlich. Por J. Sánchez-Andréu, E. A. Gadea, M. Juárez y A. Gárate.-- Fisiología. Efecto de diversas concentraciones de nitratos y pH sobre el crecimiento de plántulas de capsicum annuum L. Var. acuminatum Fingerh H. Por l. Iglesias, T. Díaz, E. González y C. Rodríguez Bujan.-- Vitis Vinifera en el campo de Cartagena. II. Evolución de azllcares (Glucosa, fructosa y sacarosa), sustancias pécticas, ácidos orgánicos (Tartárico, málico y cítrico) y contenido catiónico. Por G. Navarro, M. Romero, C. Zuñel, C. Méndez y S. Navarro.-- Presencia de pigmentos antocianicos en el reino vegetal con referencia especial al género vitis. Por M. L. González-San José y C. Díez de Bethencourt.-- Protección Vegetal. Ensayos de lucha contra Globodera Rotochiensis en España. l. Tendencias de las poblaciones, Por L. M. Paz-Vivas, L. Franco, M. P. Gutiérrez y M. L. Martínez-Beringola.-- Ensayos de lucha contra Globodera Rostochiensis en España. II. Las variedades resistentes al patotipo rol. Por L. Franco, L. M. Paz-Vivas, A. Aguirre, M. P. Gutiérrez y M. L. Martínez-Beringola.--Agrobiología Comparación de métodos de evaluación del fosfato asimilable procedente de la solubilización de fosfato bicálcico por cepas de B. cereus. Por M. Fernández Herrera, N. Blat Martín y l. Gómez de Mingo.-- Vitis vinífera en el campo de Cartagena. l. Aspectos edafoclimáticos y del desarrollo del fruto. Por G. Navarro, C. Méndez, C. Zuñel y S. Navarro.--III. Trabajos recapitulativos. Interés agrícola de lodos de depuradoras de aguas residuales. Por M. Juárez, J. Sánchez-Andréu y J. Mataix.-- Micorrizas VA en árboles y arbustos. Por B. E. Roldán-Fajardo y J. M. Barea.-- l. Suelos.-Física Balance hfdrico y regímenes- de humedad para suelos de elevada reserva en la provincia de Pontevedra. Por A . M. Martínez Cortizas.-- El balance hfdrico y su efecto sobre los cultivos en la provincia de Pontevedra. Por A. M. Martínez.-- Biología Contribución al conociniiento de las relaciones suelo-agua-vegetación en un sector de las salinas de Santa Pola (Alicante, España). Por F. Alcaraz, R. Ortiz y S. Hernández.-- Distribución y variación estacional de la población microbiana de. un suelo humffero atlántico. Por M. J. Acea y T. Carballas.-- Génesis, OasifJcación y Cartografía Suelos desarrollados sobre peridotitas de Sierra Nevada (Granada). Por l. García Fernández, C. Gil de Carrasco, M. Ortega Huertas y M. Simón Torres.-- Reconocimiento y evaluación de suelos del valle del Guadalquivir : zona Marmolejo-Menjibar (Jaén). II. Unidad geomorfológica 1 (Vegas y terrazas). Por L. Corral, J. Gil y G. Paneque.-- Reconocimiento y evaluación de suelos del valle del Guadalquivir: zona Marmolejo-Menjibar. (Jaén). III. Unidad Geomorfológoca 2 (Campiña baja). Por L. Corral, J. Gil y G. Paneque.-- Clasificación morfogenética de las acumulaciones calizas. Por V. Gómez-Miguel.-- Influencia de la granulometrfa en la morfología y génesis de las acumulaciones calizas. Por V. Gómez-Miguel.-- Contribución al estudio de suelos sobre calizas en la región de Cantabria. Por l. He mando Massanet, C. García Paz y M. L. Palomar García-Villamil.—Fertilidad. Mineralización "In vitro" de Inisitol-hexafosfato por dos estirpes de Bacillus cereus. Por M. Fernández Herrera, l. Gómez de Mingo y N. Blat Martín.-- Limitaciones a la fertilidad en áreas serpentinizadas de Galicia. Por R. Calvo de Anta y V. Tovar Caballero.-- II. Biología Vegetal.-- Nutrición Respuesta a la fertilización nitrogenada de trigo sometido a la competencia de Auena sterilis L . en dos suelos diferentes. Por R . González Ponce.-- Efecto de distintas dosis y formas de fertilización nitrogenada sobre producción de Cynodon dactylon en la región mediterránea. Por M. C. Bergareche y E. Simón.-- Fisiologla Estudio de la actividad citoquinina en flores de platanera. Efecto de L-Dopamina sobre el bioensayo del callo de soja. Por J. R . Lorenzo Martín, A. Jorge Cannona, J. F. Pérez Francés y A. C. Blesa.-- Producción de ácido 3-lndolacético en cultivos de Azotobacter uinilandii suplemetados con triptofano, triptamina y otros índoles. Por J. L. García Bilbao, M. G. Curiel, M. V. Celaa y Castro y F. Amat-Guerri.-- Agrobiologla Dinámica del P en el suelo afectada por la aplicación de düerentes fertilizantesorgánicos. Por J. A. Díez.-- Importancia de la capacidad tampon de fosfato y de la relación P/Ca en la absorción de fósforo por la planta. Por J. A . Díez.-- l. Suelos.-Física Zonas agroecológicas de Galicia: Zonas climáticas F AO. Por A . Martínez Cortizas.-- Químicas Mineralogía y minerales de la arcilla de la capa de San Nicolás. Yacimiento de Almaden. (Ciudad Real). Por J. B. Alvarez Martfn, J. Monseur Lespagnard, A. Gutiérrez Maroto y A . Moreno Gutiérrez.-- Aplicación de modelos de regresión mültiple para evaluar la variabilidad estadística de contenidos de metales pesados en función de parámetros edáficos. Por J. Rodríguez Sanchidrián y V. Cala Rivero.—Biología. Cambios en la densidad de los microartropodos y de las bacterias en un suelo de la zona semiérida que contiene restos de Eragrostis curuula (Schrad.) Nees como agregado orgánico. Por M. T. Pérez, M. A. Gómez y M. A . Sagardoy.-- Génesis, Clasificación y Cartografía. Estudio edáfico de la Sierra de Cazarla (Jaén). Características litológicas y climátológicas. Cambisoles. Por J. González Parro, C. González Huecas y A . López Lafuente.-- Estudio edáfico de la Sierra de Cazorla (Jaén). (II). Características de luvisoIes. Por J. González Parra, A. López Lafuente y C. González Huecas.-- Reconocimiento y evaluación de suelos del Valle del Guadalquivir: Zona Marmolejo-Menjibar (Jaén). IV. Unidad geomorfológica III (Campiña Alta). Por J. Gil, L. Corral y G. Paneque.-- Composición de la solución del suelo en medios naturales de Galicia. Por R. Calvo de Anta, M. L. Fernández Marcos y M. A. Veiga Vila. --Estabilidad mineral de suelos desarrollados a partir de rocas básicas y ultrabásicas de Galicia. Por R . Calvo de Anta, M. L. Fernández Marcos y A. Veiga Vila.-- Contribución a la génesis de paleosoles (Almagres) en las Islas Canarias mediante el estudio de lámina delgada. Por J. Benayas, H. Carbajal y Ma J. Herrera.-- Fertilidad Reconocimiento y evaluación de suelos del Valle medio del Guadalquivir: Zona Marmolejo-Menjibar. (Jaén). V. Evaluación de la capacidad de uso. Por J. Gil, L. Corral y G. Paneque.-- Estudio de los suelos de la depresión Guadix-Baza (Granada). 1: Distribuciones de frecuencia y relaciones entre las propiedades de los horizontes superiores e inferiores. Por A. lriarte Mayo, J. L. García-Chicano Fernández y E. Barahona Fernández. II. Biología Vegetal-Nutrición Estudio comparado de la eficacia de G. mosseae y los endofitos V A autoctonos de dos suelos de Granada. Por l. García-Romera y J. A. Ocampo.-- Fisiología Localization of abscisic acid binding sites in epidemal tissue by the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. Por N. Curvetto, S. Delmastro and R. Brevedan. Efecto combinado de la salinidad y de la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el contenido de micronutrientes en plantas de tomate y pepino. Por V. Martínez, A. Cerdá y M. Nieves.-- Factores que afectan la micropropagación del Abedul. Por A. Ballester y A. M. Vieitez.-- Estudio de las deficiencias de boro y manganeso en plantas de tomate. Por J. M. Peñalosa, P. Zomoza y O. Carpena.-- Agrobiología. Determinación de los niveles óptimos de los parámetros que definen la dinámica del K en el suelo en relación al cultivo de veza. Por J. A. DíezPeer reviewe

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2

The impact of stapling technique and surgeon specialism on anastomotic failure after right?sided colorectal resection: an international multicentre, prospective audit

Aim There is little evidence to support choice of technique and configuration for stapled anastomoses after right hemicolectomy and ileocaecal resection. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stapling technique and anastomotic failure. Method Any unit performing gastrointestinal surgery was invited to contribute data on consecutive adult patients undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocolic resection to this prospective, observational, international, multicentre study. Patients undergoing stapled, side?to?side ileocolic anastomoses were identified and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with anastomotic leak. Results One thousand three hundred and forty?seven patients were included from 200 centres in 32 countries. The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.3%. Upon multivariate analysis there was no difference in leak rate with use of a cutting stapler for apical closure compared with a noncutting stapler (8.4% vs 8.0%, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.54–1.53, P = 0.72). Oversewing of the apical staple line, whether in the cutting group (7.9% vs 9.7%, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.46, P = 0.60) or noncutting group (8.9% vs 5.7%, OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.46–4.23, P = 0.55) also conferred no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Surgeons reporting to be general surgeons had a significantly higher leak rate than those reporting to be colorectal surgeons (12.1% vs 7.3%, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.04–2.64, P = 0.04). Conclusion This study did not identify any difference in anastomotic leak rates according to the type of stapling device used to close the apical aspect. In addition, oversewing of the anastomotic staple lines appears to confer no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Although general surgeons operated on patients with more high?risk characteristics than colorectal surgeons, a higher leak rate for general surgeons which remained after risk adjustment needs further exploration

Relationship between method of anastomosis and anastomotic failure after right hemicolectomy and ileo-caecal resection: an international snapshot audit

Aim: The anastomosis technique used following right-sided colonic resection is widely variable and may affect patient outcome. This study aimed to assess the association between leak and anastomosis technique (stapled vs handsewn). Method: This was a prospective, multicentre, international audit including patients undergoing elective or emergency right hemicolectomy or ileo-caecal resection operations over a 2-month period in early 2015. The primary outcome measure was the presence of anastomotic leak within 30\ua0days of surgery, determined using a prespecified definition. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association between leak and anastomosis method, adjusting for patient, disease and operative cofactors, with centre included as a random-effect variable. Results: This study included 3208 patients, of whom 78.4% (n\ua0=\ua02515) underwent surgery for malignancy and 11.7% (n\ua0=\ua0375) underwent surgery for Crohn's disease. An anastomosis was performed in 94.8% (n\ua0=\ua03041) of patients, which was handsewn in 38.9% (n\ua0=\ua01183) and stapled in 61.1% (n\ua0=\ua01858). Patients undergoing handsewn anastomosis were more likely to be emergency admissions (20.5% handsewn vs 12.9% stapled) and to undergo open surgery (54.7% handsewn vs 36.6% stapled). The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.1% (245/3041), which was similar following handsewn (7.4%) and stapled (8.5%) techniques (P\ua0=\ua00.3). After adjustment for cofactors, the odds of a leak were higher for stapled anastomosis (adjusted OR\ua0=\ua01.43; 95% CI: 1.04\u20131.95; P\ua0=\ua00.03). Conclusion: Despite being used in lower-risk patients, stapled anastomosis was associated with an increased anastomotic leak rate in this observational study. Further research is needed to define patient groups in whom a stapled anastomosis is safe

The relationship between method of anastomosis and anastomotic failure after right hemicolectomy and ileo-caecal resection: an international snapshot audit.

BACKGROUND: Anastomosis technique following right sided colonic resection is widely variable and may affect patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess the association between leak and anastomosis technique (stapled versus handsewn) METHODS: This was a prospective, multicentre, international audit including patients undergoing elective or emergency right hemicolectomy or ileo-caecal resection operations over a two-month period in early 2015. The primary outcome measure was the presence of anastomotic leak within 30 days of surgery, using a pre-specified definition. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association between leak and anastomosis method, adjusting for patient, disease and operative cofactors, with centre included as a random effect variable. RESULTS: This study included 3208 patients, of whom 78.4% (n=2515) underwent surgery for malignancy and 11.7% (n=375) for Crohn's disease. An anastomosis was performed in 94.8% (n=3041) of patients, which was handsewn in 38.9% (n=1183) and stapled in 61.1% (n=1858) cases. Patients undergoing handsewn anastomosis were more likely to be emergency admissions (20.5% handsewn versus 12.9% stapled) and to undergo open surgery (54.7% versus 36.6%). The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.1% (245/3041), which was similar following handsewn (7.4%) and stapled (8.5%) techniques (p=0.3). After adjustment for cofactors, the odds of a leak were higher for stapled anastomosis (adjusted odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.95, p=0.03). DISCUSSION: Despite being used in lower risk patients, stapled anastomosis was associated with an increased anastomotic leak rate in this observational study. Further research is needed to define patient groups in whom a stapled anastomosis is safe. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserve