Vague de chaleur marine dans le Pacifique Sud-Est causée par une combinaison de facteurs atmosphériques et océaniques

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are discrete warm-water anomalies events occurring in every ocean around the globe, in both coastal and open ocean, having major impacts on ecosystems, fisheries and aquaculture. They are generally caused by a combination of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that favours the increase of the sea surface temperature and/or reduce the heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. Here we investigated through satellite data the formation of a MHW offshore the Chilean Patagonia in the Southeast Pacific Ocean which lasted from May to October 2016. That MHW was identifiable through the presence of unusually low heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere. This lower than usual heat loss from the ocean was due to the temporary reduction of the wind speed, causing reduced oceanic latent heat loss. These factors, added to the advection of anomalously warm waters from the extratropical South Pacific, favoured the development of a long-lasting MHW

Vagues de chaleur marines en Patagonie : de la grande échelle à l'échelle régionale

Marine heatwaves offshore Patagonia and progression of my thesis

Altimetry for the future: Building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the ‘‘Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Altimetry for the future: building on 25 years of progress

In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the “Green” Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments’ development and satellite missions’ evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion

Evolution de l'orthodontie au fil des siècles

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocLILLE2-UFR Odontologie (593502202) / SudocSudocFranceF

La prise en charge de la femme ménopausée à l'officine

La ménopause est un phénomène physiologique inéluctable qui touche la femme vers la cinquantaine. 10 millions de femmes sont ménopausées en France. La carence estrogénique est source de désagréments inconstants qui amèneront un fort pourcentage de femmes à consulter. Mais il existe des manifestations plus sournoises : risques cardiovasculaires accrus et ostéoporose post-ménopausique, à l'origine d'une importante morbidité et mortalité. La ménopause constitue donc un réel problème de santé publique, justifiant l'institution d'une prise en charge efficace. D'après les résultats obtenus lors d'une enquête réalisée auprès de la clientèle d'une officine, il apparaît clairement un manque d'informations et pourtant une réelle demande de la part de ces femmes pour améliorer leur qualité de vie et gérer au mieux leur ménopause. La mise en place de deux séances d'éducation a montré qu'en collaboration avec les autres professionnels de santé, le pharmacien (après une formation adaptée en matière pédagogique) avait potentiellement tous les atouts pour répondre à cette demande.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Marine heatwaves in the Southeast Pacific Ocean: An overview over the last 40 years and a focus on a 5 months marine heatwave

Study of Marine Heatwaves in a semi-enclosed coastal area: understanding their drivers and quantifying their impact using a combination of satellite and in situ data, and hydrodynamic modellin

Olas de calor marinas al largo de las costas de Chile central y del sur: comprender los mecanismos de formación durante los años 2016-2017

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are discrete warm-water anomalies events occurring in both open ocean and coastal areas. These phenomena have drawn researchers’ attention since the beginning of the 2010s, as their frequency and intensity are severely increasing due to global warming. Their impacts on the oceans are wide, affecting the ecosystems thus having repercussions on the economy by decreasing fisheries and aquaculture production. Chilean Patagonia (41° S-56° S) is characterised by fjord ecosystems already experiencing the global change effects in the form of large-scale and local modifications. This study aimed to realise a global assessment of the MHWs that have occurred along Central and South Chile between 1982 and 2020. We found that the frequency of MHWs was particularly high during the last decade offshore Northern Patagonia and that the duration of the events is increasing. During austral winter and spring 2016, combination of advected warm waters coming from the extratropical South Pacific Ocean and persisting high pressure inducing reduced winds have together diminished the heat transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere, creating optimal condition for a long-lasting MHW. That MHW hit Patagonia during 5 months, from May to October 2016, and was the longest MHW recorded over the 1982-2020 period. In addition, a global context of positive phases of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode contributed to the MHW formation

Détection de vagues de chaleur marines en milieu côtier : le cas d'étude des mers semi-fermées du Nord de la Patagonie

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are described as discrete warm-anomalies events. They can develop in every ocean, in both coastal and open-ocean environments. Despite the interest from the scientific community in MHWs, their occurrence and development in coastal environments remains poorly studied, principally due to the lack of adequate data. Indeed, the detection of MHWs is based on the comparaision between local sea surface temperature (SST) to a long-term climatology, generally based on satellite data. However, in complex coastal environments, the use of satellite data might not be optimal due to the interference with land systems and to insufficient temporal coverage with high resolution data. In this study, we aimed to detect the MHWs in semi-enclosed seas, having as a case study the inner seas of North Patagonia. This environment is characterised by narrow fjords and channels and a cloudy and rainy climate that makes it difficult to build a long-term high-resolution climatology with satellite data. However, the inner seas of North Pagagonia have been quite well sampled across the years, with measurements realised since 1950s, spatially scattered in all the regions at both surface and depth (including fjords and channels). Therefore, we choose to build our climatology using those in situ measurements, by interpolating them in order to have a continuous field. For this purpose, we used DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis) which allows to spatially interpolate in an optimal way discrete observations onto a regular grid, taking advantage of the information in the 4 dimensions. With DIVAnd, we realised a monthly climatology at 32 different depths, from the surface to 400m. MHWs were then detected in two distinct fjords by comparing the climatology to the local SST from anchored buoys: one in Reloncaví Sound (SST data from 2017 to 2022) and the second in Puyuhuapi fjord (SST data from 2010 to 2018)