579 research outputs found

    A Review of Video Triggers and Video Production in Higher Education and Continuing Education PBL Settings

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    Higher education faces the challenges of bridging education and authentic work. In addition, it needs to respond to the highly multimodal and participatory communication and content creation practices, preferences, and cultures of present and future students. The aim of our article is to discuss how the use of video triggers and video production in PBL can help to respond to these challenges. Based on a literature review, we present and discuss the uses and outcomes of video triggers and video production within PBL contexts and related higher education and continuing education contexts. The research evidence reviewed in this article clearly illustrates the advantages of video triggers and video production in PBL settings while at the same time pointing out several conditions of their effective use

    Miksi musiikkia tutkitaan ja opetetaan?:asiantuntijoiden kÀsityksiÀ musiikintutkimuksen, musiikkikasvatuksen ja yhteiskunnan vÀlisistÀ suhteista

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    TiivistelmÀ. Tutkimuksemme tavoitteena on selvittÀÀ musiikintutkijoiden kÀsityksiÀ siitÀ, miksi musiikkia tutkitaan ja opetetaan. Musiikintutkimuksen ja -opetuksen nÀhdÀÀn olevan vahvasti kytköksissÀ toisiinsa, sillÀ opetuksen tulee pohjautua tieteelliselle tiedolle. Tutkimus ja opetus ovat myös vuorovaikutuksessa yhteiskunnan kanssa, sillÀ yhteiskunta tarjoaa taloudellista tukea tutkimukselle ja tutkijat tuottavat tietoa yhteiskunnan hyödynnettÀvÀksi. Yhteiskunnan muutosten myötÀ tutkijoille avautuu uusia tutkimuskohteita, joita tutkimalla saadaan jÀlleen ajankohtaista tieteellistÀ tietoa uusista ilmiöistÀ. Tutkimusaiheemme kattaa koko musiikintutkimuksen kentÀn, ja pyrimme tutkielmamme teoreettisessa viitekehyksessÀ tuomaan esille aikaisemmin tehtyjÀ tutkimustuloksia mahdollisimman laajasti. KÀsittelemme musiikin merkityksiÀ sekÀ yksilöllisestÀ ettÀ yhteisöllisestÀ nÀkökulmasta, ja tarkastelemme musiikin fyysisiÀ, psyykkisiÀ ja sosiaalisia vaikutuksia. Koska musiikki joutuu usein perustelemaan asemaansa oppiaineena, haluamme tuoda jokaiseen lukuun myös musiikkikasvatuksellisen nÀkökulman. LisÀksi tarkastelemme ilmiötÀ filosofisesta nÀkökulmasta, jolloin esiin nousevat kysymykset musiikin arvosta ja siitÀ, nÀhdÀÀnkö se vÀlineenÀ jonkin saavuttamiseen vai itsessÀÀn arvokkaana ilmiönÀ. Tutkimuksemme metodologisena lÀhtökohtana on fenomenografia, sillÀ pyrimme selvittÀmÀÀn haastateltavien kÀsityksiÀ tutkittavasta ilmiöstÀ. Halusimme ajankohtaista, asiantuntevaa ja monipuolista tietoa tutkimuksemme aineistoksi, minkÀ vuoksi valitsimme haastateltaviksi musiikintutkimuksen professoreita. AineistonkeruumenetelmÀnÀ hyödynsimme teemahaastattelua, mikÀ mahdollisti haastattelujen etenemisen yksityiskohtaisten kysymysten sijaan vÀljempien teemojen varassa mahdollistaen haastateltavan vapaamman ilmaisun ja sen myötÀ myös laajemman aineiston syntymisen. Poimimme litteroiduista haastatteluista tutkimuskysymystemme kannalta merkittÀvÀt ilmaukset, joita luokittelemalla muodostimme aineistomme analyysin rungon. Analyysin perusteella yhteiskunnan ja taloudellisen tuen rooli sekÀ musiikintutkimuksessa ettÀ -opetuksessa korostuu. Musiikintutkimusta on lÀhes jokaisessa suomalaisessa yliopistossa, mutta haastatellut kokevat sen olevan vaikeuksissa mahdollisten sÀÀstötoimenpiteiden takia. Tutkijoiden mielestÀ musiikki on merkityksellinen ja moniulotteinen ilmiö, jota tÀytyy tutkia ja jonka tulisi nÀkyÀ yhteiskunnassa laajemmin. Teknologisoitunut yhteiskunta ja musiikkikulttuurien muutokset ovat vaikuttaneet siihen, millaisena ilmiönÀ musiikki nÀhdÀÀn. Tutkijoiden mielestÀ yhteiskunta odottaa musiikintutkimuksen ja -opetuksen tuottavan mitattavaa tulosta. He eivÀt nÀe musiikilla ja sen opetuksella olevan suoraa vÀlitöntÀ vaikutusta, minkÀ takia mitattavia tuloksia on vaikea saavuttaa ja kausaalisuhteita vaikea todistaa. Musiikki voi olla vÀline pÀÀmÀÀrien saavuttamiseen, mutta haastatellut tutkijat eivÀt halua korostaa pelkÀstÀÀn musiikin vÀlinearvoja. LÀhes jokaiselle haastatellulle musiikilla on myös itseisarvo. Tutkijat kokevat yksimielisesti musiikin kuuluvan yleissivistÀvÀÀn opetukseen. Tutkijat nÀkevÀt musiikin sivistÀvinÀ piirteinÀ erityisesti oman kulttuurin vÀlittÀmisen ja kehittÀmisen, itsetuntemuksen sekÀ yksilön omaksi itseksi kasvamisen ympÀristöön suhteutettuna. LisÀksi tietÀmys ja kokemus musiikista mahdollistavat musiikista nauttimisen ja hyvÀn musiikkisuhteen syntymisen, minkÀ myötÀ yksilöllÀ on mahdollisuus kÀyttÀÀ musiikkia osana arkeaan, hyvinvointiaan ja tunteidenkÀsittelyÀÀn. Jotta musiikinopetus olisi toimivaa ja ajankohtaista, opettajan tulee huomioida opetussuunnitelman asettamat tavoitteet, nuorten oma maailma, teknologisoitunut yhteiskunta, oppiaineiden vÀlinen integraatio sekÀ vÀhÀisten tuntimÀÀrien tehokas hyödyntÀminen. Musiikinopetuksen edistÀminen tutkimuksellisten tulosten avulla vaikuttaa ajoittain monimutkaiselta prosessilta. Luotettavien ja pÀtevien tutkimustulosten tuottaminen on vaikeaa, sillÀ musiikki on ilmiönÀ laaja ja merkitykseltÀÀn varsin yksilöllinen. Musiikilla on myös koulumaailmassa erityinen merkityksensÀ, sillÀ se mahdollistaa oppilaan itseilmaisun oman tekemisen kautta, mikÀ on yhtÀ tÀrkeÀÀ kuin tehokkaiden opiskelutaitojen kehittÀminen

    Effects of cold acclimation and dsRNA injections on Gs1l gene splicing in Drosophila montana

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    Alternative splicing, in which one gene produce multiple transcripts, may influence how adaptive genes respond to specific environments. A newly produced transcriptome of Drosophila montana shows the Gs1-like (Gs1l) gene to express multiple splice variants and to be down regulated in cold acclimated flies with increased cold tolerance. Gs1l's effect on cold tolerance was further tested by injecting cold acclimated and non-acclimated flies from two distantly located northern and southern fly populations with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting Gs1l. While both populations had similar cold acclimation responses, dsRNA injections only effected the northern population. The nature of splicing expression was then investigated in the northern population by confirming which Gs1l variants are present, by comparing the expression of different gene regions and by predicting the protein structures of splices using homology modelling. We find different splices of Gs1l not only appear to have independent impacts on cold acclimation but also elicit different effects in populations originating from two very different environments. Also, at the protein level, Gs1l appears homologous to the human HDHD1A protein and some splices might produce functionally different proteins though this needs to be verified in future studies by measuring the particular protein levels. Taken together, Gs1l appears to be an interesting new candidate to test how splicing influences adaptations

    Accounting students' IT applicaton skills over a 10-year period

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    This paper reports on the changing nature of a range of information technology (IT) application skills that students declare on entering an accounting degree over the period from 1996 to 2006. Accounting educators need to be aware of the IT skills students bring with them to university because of the implications this has for learning and teaching within the discipline and the importance of both general and specific IT skills within the practice and craft of accounting. Additionally, IT skills constitute a significant element within the portfolio of employability skills that are increasingly demanded by employers and emphasized within the overall Higher Education (HE) agenda. The analysis of students' reported IT application skills on entry to university, across a range of the most relevant areas of IT use in accounting, suggest that their skills have continued to improve over time. However, there are significant differential patterns of change through the years and within cohorts. The paper addresses the generalizability of these findings and discusses the implications of these factors for accounting educators, including the importance of recognising the differences that are potentially masked by the general increase in skills; the need for further research into the changing nature, and implications, of the gender gap in entrants' IT application skills; and the low levels of entrants' spreadsheet and database skills that are a cause for concern

    Measurement of the Bs0→J/ψηB_{s}^{0} \rightarrow J/\psi \eta lifetime

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    Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb−13 fb^{-1}, collected by the LHCb experiment in pppp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, the effective lifetime in the Bs0→J/ψηB^0_s \rightarrow J/\psi \eta decay mode, τeff\tau_{\textrm{eff}}, is measured to be τeff=1.479±0.034 (stat)±0.011 (syst)\tau_{\textrm{eff}} = 1.479 \pm 0.034~\textrm{(stat)} \pm 0.011 ~\textrm{(syst)} ps. Assuming CPCP conservation, τeff\tau_{\textrm{eff}} corresponds to the lifetime of the light Bs0B_s^0 mass eigenstate. This is the first measurement of the effective lifetime in this decay mode.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-017.htm

    Measurement of the mass and lifetime of the Ωb−\Omega_b^- baryon

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    A proton-proton collision data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1^{-1} collected by LHCb at s=7\sqrt{s}=7 and 8 TeV, is used to reconstruct 63±963\pm9 Ωb−→Ωc0π−\Omega_b^-\to\Omega_c^0\pi^-, Ωc0→pK−K−π+\Omega_c^0\to pK^-K^-\pi^+ decays. Using the Ξb−→Ξc0π−\Xi_b^-\to\Xi_c^0\pi^-, Ξc0→pK−K−π+\Xi_c^0\to pK^-K^-\pi^+ decay mode for calibration, the lifetime ratio and absolute lifetime of the Ωb−\Omega_b^- baryon are measured to be \begin{align*} \frac{\tau_{\Omega_b^-}}{\tau_{\Xi_b^-}} &= 1.11\pm0.16\pm0.03, \\ \tau_{\Omega_b^-} &= 1.78\pm0.26\pm0.05\pm0.06~{\rm ps}, \end{align*} where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and from the calibration mode (for τΩb−\tau_{\Omega_b^-} only). A measurement is also made of the mass difference, mΩb−−mΞb−m_{\Omega_b^-}-m_{\Xi_b^-}, and the corresponding Ωb−\Omega_b^- mass, which yields \begin{align*} m_{\Omega_b^-}-m_{\Xi_b^-} &= 247.4\pm3.2\pm0.5~{\rm MeV}/c^2, \\ m_{\Omega_b^-} &= 6045.1\pm3.2\pm 0.5\pm0.6~{\rm MeV}/c^2. \end{align*} These results are consistent with previous measurements.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://lhcbproject.web.cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/LHCbProjectPublic/LHCb-PAPER-2016-008.htm

    Model-independent evidence for J/ψpJ/\psi p contributions to Λb0→J/ψpK−\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^- decays

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    The data sample of Λb0→J/ψpK−\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^- decays acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8~TeV pppp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1^{-1}, is inspected for the presence of J/ψpJ/\psi p or J/ψK−J/\psi K^- contributions with minimal assumptions about K−pK^- p contributions. It is demonstrated at more than 9 standard deviations that Λb0→J/ψpK−\Lambda_b^0\to J/\psi p K^- decays cannot be described with K−pK^- p contributions alone, and that J/ψpJ/\psi p contributions play a dominant role in this incompatibility. These model-independent results support the previously obtained model-dependent evidence for Pc+→J/ψpP_c^+\to J/\psi p charmonium-pentaquark states in the same data sample.Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures (including the supplemental section added at the end

    Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions in the forward region in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

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    Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign charged pions, produced in protonproton collisions at a 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, are studied using a data sample collected by the LHCb experiment. The signature for Bose-Einstein correlations is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of like-sign charged pions with small four-momentum difference squared. The charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the Bose-Einstein correlation parameters describing the correlation strength and the size of the emitting source is investigated, determining both the correlation radius and the chaoticity parameter. The measured correlation radius is found to increase as a function of increasing charged-particle multiplicity, while the chaoticity parameter is seen to decreas

    Study of charmonium production in b -hadron decays and first evidence for the decay Bs0

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    Using decays to φ-meson pairs, the inclusive production of charmonium states in b-hadron decays is studied with pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Denoting byBC ≡ B(b → C X) × B(C → φφ) the inclusive branching fraction of a b hadron to a charmonium state C that decays into a pair of φ mesons, ratios RC1C2 ≡ BC1 /BC2 are determined as Rχc0ηc(1S) = 0.147 ± 0.023 ± 0.011, Rχc1ηc(1S) =0.073 ± 0.016 ± 0.006, Rχc2ηc(1S) = 0.081 ± 0.013 ± 0.005,Rχc1 χc0 = 0.50 ± 0.11 ± 0.01, Rχc2 χc0 = 0.56 ± 0.10 ± 0.01and Rηc(2S)ηc(1S) = 0.040 ± 0.011 ± 0.004. Here and below the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.Upper limits at 90% confidence level for the inclusive production of X(3872), X(3915) and χc2(2P) states are obtained as RX(3872)χc1 < 0.34, RX(3915)χc0 < 0.12 andRχc2(2P)χc2 < 0.16. Differential cross-sections as a function of transverse momentum are measured for the ηc(1S) andχc states. The branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφφ is measured for the first time, B(B0s → φφφ) = (2.15±0.54±0.28±0.21B)×10−6. Here the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0s → φφ, which is used for normalization. No evidence for intermediate resonances is seen. A preferentially transverse φ polarization is observed.The measurements allow the determination of the ratio of the branching fractions for the ηc(1S) decays to φφ and p p asB(ηc(1S)→ φφ)/B(ηc(1S)→ p p) = 1.79 ± 0.14 ± 0.32

    Study of J /ψ production in Jets

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    The production of J/ψ mesons in jets is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions using data collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The fraction of the jet transverse momentum carried by the J/ψ meson, z(J/ψ)≡pT(J/ψ)/pT(jet), is measured using jets with pT(jet)>20 GeV in the pseudorapidity range 2.5<η(jet)<4.0. The observed z(J/ψ)distribution for J/ψ mesons produced in b-hadron decays is consistent with expectations. However, the results for prompt J/ψ production do not agree with predictions based on fixed-order nonrelativistic QCD. This is the first measurement of the pT fraction carried by prompt J/ψ mesons in jets at any experiment
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