As fontes e a proximidade com os acontecimentos na secção de sociedade da Agência Lusa

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.O presente relatório de estágio é uma descrição e uma reflexão sobre o estágio curricular realizado na agência Lusa, que é complementada com um estudo empírico que tem o intuito de percecionar o tipo de relacionamento dos jornalistas com as suas fontes de informação sob o ponto de vista de proximidade com os acontecimentos, e da responsabilização das fontes pelas informações que fornecem. O campo de observação foram as notícias, de qualquer uma das áreas da secção de Sociedade, no período compreendido entre 19 de abril e 19 de maio. Para encaminhar o exercício investigativo selecionaram-se três perguntas de partida que ajudaram a desenhar o estudo: Que tipo de fonte forneceu a notícia, segundo o grau de proximidade com o acontecimento? A fonte foi identificada na notícia? Os dados variam consoante os diferentes temas da sociedade? Através da pesquisa, confirmou-se que a agência Lusa continua a cumprir o papel específico de uma agência de notícias, veiculando informação em primeira mão e de confiança aos órgãos de comunicação.ABSTRACT: This internship report presents is a description and a reflection about the internship at Lusa, which is complemented by an empirical study aimed at understand the type of relationship between journalists and their sources of information from the proximity to events angle, and accountability of sources for the information they provide. The field of observation was the news from any of the areas of the Society section, from April 19 to May 19. To guide this investigative exercise, were selected three starting questions which helped to design the study: What kind of source provided the news, according to the degree of proximity to the event? Was the source identified in the news? Do the data vary according to the different themes of Society? Through the research, it was confirmed that Lusa agency continues to fulfill the specific role of a news agency, transmitting first hand information and trust to the media.N/

A small TAT-TrkB peptide prevents BDNF receptor cleavage and restores synaptic physiology in Alzheimer's disease

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.In Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid β (Aβ)-triggered cleavage of TrkB-FL impairs brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, thereby compromising neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic transmission and plasticity. Using cerebrospinal fluid and postmortem human brain samples, we show that TrkB-FL cleavage occurs from the early stages of the disease and increases as a function of pathology severity. To explore the therapeutic potential of this disease mechanism, we designed small TAT-fused peptides and screened their ability to prevent TrkB-FL receptor cleavage. Among these, a TAT-TrkB peptide with a lysine-lysine linker prevented TrkB-FL cleavage both in vitro and in vivo and rescued synaptic deficits induced by oligomeric Aβ in hippocampal slices. Furthermore, this TAT-TrkB peptide improved the cognitive performance, ameliorated synaptic plasticity deficits and prevented Tau pathology progression in vivo in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. No evidence of liver or kidney toxicity was found. We provide proof-of-concept evidence for the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic strategy and anticipate that this TAT-TrkB peptide has the potential to be a disease-modifying drug that can prevent and/or reverse cognitive deficits in patients with AD.publishersversionpublishe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

FUNGEMIA POR LEVEDURAS INCOMUNS EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA NEONATAL E AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSCEPTIBILIDADE ANTIFÚNGICA IN VITRO DOS AGENTES ETIOLÓGICOS

Introdução/Objetivo: A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN), compõem um ambiente de risco para fungemia devido a maior presença de fatores de risco como prematuridade e uso de dispositivos invasivos. Neste contexto, candidemia é reconhecida como a terceira causa de sepse tardia em neonatos, adicionalmente, infecções hematogênicas por leveduras incomuns têm sido relatadas e maior resistência aos antifúngicos tem sido verificada em algumas espécies. Desta forma, o objetivo do estudo foi detectar a ocorrência de fungemia por leveduras raras em UTINs de Recife-PE e determinar a susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro dos agentes etiológicos. Métodos: Amostras de hemoculturas de neonatos com suspeita de sepse fúngica hospitalizados em UTIN de hospitais da rede pública de saúde de Recife-PE foram encaminhadas para realização do diagnóstico micológico. Os agentes etiológicos isolados foram identificados pela taxonomia clássica e pelo sistema automatizado VITEK 2. As espécies consideradas incomuns tiveram sua taxonomia confirmada pela espectrometria de massa e sequenciamento das regiões ITS1 e ITS4 do RNAr. Os testes de susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro foram realizados pelo método de microdiluição em caldo padronizado pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Resultados: Foram diagnosticados 44 casos de fungemia neonatal por leveduras, destes nove foram por espécies consideradas raras. Após a taxonomia polifásica as espécies incomuns foram identificadas como C. pelliculosa (nome atual Wickerhamomyces anomalus) em cinco casos de fungemia associados a um surto que ocorreu em uma UTIN; C. haemulonii em dois casos; C. famata (nome atual Debaromyces hansenii) em um caso; e Lodderomyces elongisporus em um caso. Em relação a susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro as leveduras incomuns testadas foram susceptíveis à anfotericina B e ao fluconazol, exceto os dois isolados de C. haemulonii que apresentaram elevada CIM frente à anfotericina B (CIM ≥8 µg/mL) e ao fluconazol (CIM ≥32 µg/mL). Todas as leveduras apresentaram baixo CIM frente às equinocandinas. Conclusão: Fungemia por espécies raras ocorrem em UTIN de Pernambuco, sendo indispensável a instituição do diagnóstico preciso e precoce, além da realização de testes de susceptibilidade antifúngica in vitro para detecção de espécies resistentes, possibilitando desta forma, o melhor planejamento de estratégias de controle, bem como o direcionamento para melhor terapêutica