A pedagogia da alternancia e suas possibilidades para os estudantes do campo: um estudo de caso sobre a escola família agrícola de Sobradinho-BA / The pedagogy of alternancy and its possibilities for students in the field: a case study about the escola família agrícola of Sobradinho-BA

No presente estudo pretendemos discutir sobre como a pedagogia da alternância, veiculada a uma base curricular diversificada, tem sido mobilizada pela Escola Família Agrícola de Sobradinho (EFAS), para formação de estudantes oriundos das comunidades rurais sem limitar suas perspectivas de futuro a vida no campo. As novas possibilidades que se desnudam para esses estudantes nuançam os estereótipos construídos mediante os pressupostos de uma Sociologia com fundamentos durkheimiano, que associa a esses indivíduos os mesmos critérios aplicados para categorizar o campo, opondo-o a cidade. Os dados dispostos no corpo do texto foram colhidos a partir de técnicas consagradas pelas pesquisas qualitativas, assim, durante um mês imergimos no cotidiano da mencionada escola, o que nos possibilitou tecer relações de confiança com os estudantes e posteriormente realizar entrevistas seguindo roteiros semiestruturados. Concluímos ponderando que a formação diversificada proposta pela escola, organizada a partir da pedagogia da alternância tem contribuído para ampliação dos horizontes existências dos estudantes, possibilitando-lhes construir perspectivas de vida diversas, tanto no campo, quanto na cidade. Perspectivas que foram expressas nas falas dos entrevistados, que revelaram anseios variados, assim, enquanto o primeiro deseja retornar a sua comunidade para contribuir com o desenvolvimento sustentável da mesma, o segundo pretende trabalhar como analista de sistemas de uma grande empresa na cidade, ao passo que a terceira entrevistada projeta desenvolver atividades tanto no campo, quanto na cidade. 

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved