Two Absolute Index-Summability Methods

In this paper we have established a relation between the Summability methods an

Administration of COG1410 reduces axonal amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity and microglial activation after controlled cortical impact in mice

Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) accounts for at least 35% of the morbidity and mortality in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients without space-occupying lesions. It is also believed to be a key determinant of adverse outcomes such as cognitive dysfunction across the spectrum of TBI severity. Previous studies have shown that COG1410, a synthetic peptide derived from the apolipoprotein E (apoE) receptor binding region, has anti-inflammatory effects after experimental TBI, with improvements in cognitive recovery. However, the effects of COG1410 on axonal injury following TBI are not known. The current study evaluated the effects of 1 mg/kg daily COG1410 versus saline administered intravenously starting 30 min after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury on pericontusional TAI in young, wild-type C57BL6/J male mice. We found that COG1410 did not affect the number of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-immunoreactive axonal varicosities in the pericontusional corpus callosum and external capsule at 24 h, but reduced APP-immunoreactive varicosities by 31% at 3 days (p=0.0023), and 36% at 7 days (p=0.0009). COG1410 significantly reduced the number of Iba1-positive cells with activated microglial morphology at all three time points by 21–30%. There was no effect of COG1410 on pericontusional white matter volume or silver staining at any time point. This indicates a possible effect of COG1410 on delayed but not immediate TAI. Future studies are needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms, therapeutic time window, and physiological implications of this effect

Approximation of Fourier Series of a function of Lipchitz class by Product Means

Lipchitz class of function had been introduced by McFadden [8]. Recently dealing with degree of approximation of Fourier series of a function of Lipchitz class Nigam [12] and Misra et al.[9,10,11] have established certain theorems. Extending their results, in this paper a theorem on degree of approximation of a function by product summability has been established

Rhenium and yttrium ions as antimicrobial agents against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms

© 2019 The Authors. Letters in Applied Microbiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for Applied Microbiology. Antimicrobial resistance presents major global concerns to patient health. In this study, metal ions of molybdenum, rhenium, yttrium and thallium were tested against bacteria in planktonic and biofilm form using one strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. The antimicrobial efficacy of the metal ions was evaluated against the planktonic bacterial strains using minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations, whilst the efficacy of the metal ions against biofilms was tested using a crystal violet biofilm assay. Live Dead staining was used to visualize the antimicrobial activity elicited by the metal ions on the bacterial cell. The results showed that higher concentrations of the metals were required to inhibit the growth of biofilms (72·9 mg l −1 to 416·7 mg l −1 ), in comparison to their planktonic counterparts. MICs of the metal ions (<46·9 mg l −1 ) (planktonic cells) did not affect biofilm formation. Overall, rhenium and yttrium were effective antimicrobial agents. Molybdenum demonstrated the greatest level of biotoxicity. When taking into account these results and the known toxicity of thallium, it is possible that rhenium or yttrium ions could be developed as effective biocidal formulations in order to prevent transmission in healthcare environments. Significance and Impact of the Study: The metal ions, molybdenum, rhenium, thallium and yttrium were tested against both Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in planktonic and biofilm forms. This research demonstrated that all the metal ions may be effective antimicrobial agents. However, molybdenum induced high levels of cytotoxicity, whilst, there was no significant difference in the toxicity of the other metal ions tested. When considering the results for the antimicrobial efficacy and biotoxicity of the metal ions, in conjunction with the known toxicity of thallium in certain chemical compositions, it was concluded that overall rhenium or yttrium ions may be effective antimicrobial agents, one potential application may be utilizing these metal ions in hospital surface cleaning formulations

Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.Peer reviewe

Investigation of Flood Routing Using Variable Parameter Kinematic Wave Model (VPKWM) for Non-Prismatic Natural Channel in an Ungauged Basin

This research concerns about the development and application of Variable Parameter Kinematic Wave Numerical model (VPKWM) based on 1-D Saint-Venant equation, to study the behaviour of the propagation of a flood wave in Non-prismatic natural waterways in an ungauged basin. The channel slope and wetted perimeter are considered as variable because of the irregularity of the boundary of the channel and the change in magnitude of discharge. The scarcity of reliable inflow data at upstream is a serious problem for the flood routing process in an ungauged basin. In this study the inflow hydrograph and lateral inflow hydrographs are obtained using SCS-CN method as rainfall runoff model. The performance of the model assessed considering four parameters such as root mean square error (RMSE), peak discharge, peak time and total volume. The results indicated that the VPKWM for non-prismatic channel provided reasonable output compared with the observed data

Should The Patients With Numerous Cysticercii Be Treated With Corticosteroids Only

We report our experience of managing 6 patients with numerous cerebral cysticerci. Their age ranged between 5 and 45 years and 3 of them were females. All of them presented with clinical symptoms and signs of raised intracranial tension with partial seizure n 3 and behavioural abnormality in one patient. The diagnosis of cysticercosis was based on characteristic CT or MRI findings or both in all six, biopsy of subcutaneous nodule in two and igG ELISA for cysticercosis in one patient. Of the two patients who received albendazole therapy one died and other deteriorated. Four were managed with only antioedema measures including corticosteroids, of which one recovered completely and 3 partially. One of the patients on chronic corticosteroid therapy died because of staphylococcal septicemia. Cysticidal therapy in patients with numerous cerebral cysticercii may be dangerous. It is suggested that albendazole therapy may be avoided in patients with numerous cerebral cysticercii and these patients should preferably be treated with antioedema measures and antiepileptic drugs and corticosteroids