Análisis multivariado de estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje y sus diferencias en factores personales en estudiantes del Centro Preuniversitario ciclo otoño 2019-II en la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann (UNJBG)

La investigación evalúo estilos aprendizaje (activo, pragmático, teórico y reflexivo) y estrategias aprendizaje (adquisición, codificación, recuperación, y apoyo), su correlación, su interrelación, clasificación y diferencias, según factores personales (edad, género, institución educativa de procedencia y el canal de inscripción), mediante el análisis multivariado, en estudiantes del Centro Preuniversitario ciclo otoño 2019-II en la UNJBG. Se eligió aleatoriamente a 422 discentes, aplicándoles el cuestionario de estilos (CHAEA) y estrategias (ACRA). Los resultados, sumando preferencias de estilos alta y muy alta, fueron: activo un 35,31%; reflexivo un 22,27%; teóricos un 63,98% y pragmático 51,42%. En estrategias, sumando frecuencia de uso alta y muy alta, los resultados fueron: adquisición el 56,39%; en codificación el 53,37%; recuperación el 41,24% y en apoyo el 34,12%. Los estilos y estrategias estimaron (28) correlaciones, (7) fueron no significativas (p > 0,05) y (21) altamente significativas (p < 0,01), estas pruebas fueron bilaterales. Según el análisis multivariado de componentes principales, estilos y estrategias no muestran una interrelación y los componentes fueron: Componente 1: adquisición, codificación, recuperación y apoyo.Componentes 2: reflexivo, teórico y pragmático. Componente 3: activo. Aplicado el análisis cluster (conglomerados), los estudiantes fueron clasificados en: Cluster 1: Preferencia moderada en todos los estilos. Estrategias moderadas en adquisición, codificación y recuperación y bajo, en apoyo. Cluster 2: Preferencia alta en estilos activo, teórico y pragmático y moderada, en reflexivo. Estrategias altas en adquisición y codificación, moderada en recuperación y apoyo. Cluster 3: Preferencia alta en estilos activo, teórico y pragmático, en reflexivo moderado. Estrategias bajas en adquisición, codificación, recuperación y apoyo.Cluster 4: Preferencia moderada en estilos activo y reflexivo, alta en teórico y pragmático. Estrategias muy altas en adquisición y codificación, y alta en recuperación y apoyo. El análisis multivariado de varianza (MANOVA), presenta que hay disimilitud significativa en el factor género, edad, institución educativa de procedencia y canal de inscripción no hay disimilitud.Tesi

Factores personales y su relación con los estilos de aprendizaje de los docentes en la Universidad Jorge Basadre Grohmann - Tacna 2015

La presente investigación evalúa los estilos de aprendizaje de los docentes ordinarios en la Universidad Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, comparando sus estilos de aprendizaje de acuerdo a los factores personales como formación profesional, formación académica, años de servicio, categoría docente, edad y género. Se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 122 docentes ordinarios, aplicándoles el cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje (CHAEA). Los resultados, sumando los estilos de aprendizaje alta y muy alta, 69,7% de los docentes tiene un predominio del estilo teórico, seguido del estilo pragmático con 33,6%, el 32,0% de docentes el estilo reflexivo y finalmente 23,8%, el estilo activo. También se observan, el predominio del estilo teórico en todos factores personales como formación profesional, formación académica, años de servicio, categoría docente, edad y género. Del mismo modo, se comprueba que los factores personales de los docentes no afectan los estilos de aprendizaje. Así como también se comprueba que no existen diferencias entre estilos.Tesi

MANEJO DE RESIDUOS SOLIDOS EN LA CIUDAD DE TACNA

Es necesario concientizar a la ciudadanía para que contribuya a un adecuado manejo de los residuos sólidos, desde nuestros hogares hasta la disposición final de los mismos en el relleno sanitario, fomentando el desarrollo de tecnologías y programas sociales para disminuir la contaminación de nuestro medio ambiente. El presente trabajo de Investigación describe el Manejo de los Residuos Sólidos en la Ciudad de Tacna y propone alternativas para aprovecharlos mismos generando beneficios: como practicarla 3 Rs (Reduce, Reusa y Recicla) y proyectar una Planta de Separación y Reciclaje de Residuos Sólidos en nuestra Ciudad

CORRELACIÓN MULTIVARIADA ENTRE FACTORES PERSONALES, ESTILO Y ESTRATEGIA DE APRENDIZAJE EN ESTUDIANTES DEL CEPU-UNJBG, TACNA 2019-II

Objetivo. Determinar mediante el análisis de varianza multivariado, la correlación, interrelación, clasificación, como sus diferencias entre factores personales, estilos y estrategias de aprendizaje en discentes del centro preuniversitario (CEPU) de la Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre (UNJBG), Tacna 2019-II. Materiales y métodos. En el método, se empleó una investigación básica, descriptiva y correlacional multivariada; el diseño correlacional fue ex–post facto y transeccional, con una población de 2091 estudiantes del CEPU, cuya muestra fue 422 estudiantes y un error aleatorio de 5%. Se empleó un instrumento para estilo de aprendizaje CHAEA, y ACRA para estrategia de aprendizaje. Resultado. Se estimaron 28 correlaciones, siete fueron no significativas (p > 0,05) y 21 altamente significativas (p < 0,01), estas pruebas fueron bilaterales. Según el análisis multivariado de componentes principales, estilo y estrategia no muestran una interrelación. Conclusiones. En estilo de aprendizaje las dimensiones que predominan fueron teórico y pragmático; en estrategia de aprendizaje las dimensiones que predominan fueron adquisición y codificación. Además, se evidencia que, en el análisis multivariado de varianza, presenta la existencia de disimilitudes significativas en el factor género, en edad, institución educativa de procedencia, en tanto que en el canal de inscripción no hay diferencias

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data