The promotion of cultural awareness through an english language unit design of intercultural Communicative competence for escuela nueva students

El propósito de este estudio es promover y reflejar la consciencia cultural a través de un diseño de una unidad en base a la Competencia Comunicativa Intercultural para grados 4to y 5to en clases de inglés como lengua extranjera en colegios bajo el modelo de Escuela Nueva. Este proyecto integra una metodología de investigación cualitativa, y se desarrolla bajo el paradigma de la teoría crítica e investigación proyectiva, puesto que es una propuesta para profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera. La unidad está diseñada con actividades basadas en aspectos culturales de Colombia y su relación con otros países. El análisis de documento fue implementado para extraer los elementos clave, que serían el soporte principal para el diseño de la unidad, estos documentos fueron los Derechos Básicos de Aprendizaje y el Currículo Sugerido; en ellos, se encontraron los parámetros y temas a ser tratados en estos contextos rurales. Esta unidad puede ser implementada por profesores que deseen usarla como herramienta para su enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera en contextos de Escuela Nueva. Los resultados demostraron que la convivencia, las similitudes y diferencias, y la comunidad hacen parte de las bases culturales y lingüísticas del aprendizaje del inglés. En conclusión, el diseño de la unidad es una base útil para futuros investigadores que quieran continuar contribuyendo al campo, con la intención de crear nuevo material como también de incrementar el interés en la investigación de los contextos rurales de Escuela Nueva.The purpose of this study is to promote and to reflect cultural awareness through an Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) unit design for students of 4th and 5th grades of EFL classes in Escuela Nueva schools in Colombia. This paper integrates a qualitative research methodology, and it is developed under the paradigm of critical theory and the investigación proyectiva because it is a proposal for EFL teachers. The unit is designed with activities based on the cultural aspects of Colombia and its relation to other countries. The document analysis was implemented to extract the key elements that would be the main support for the unit design, these documents were the Basic Learning Rights and the Suggested Curriculum; in them, there are found the guidelines and topics to be worked on in these rural contexts. This unit can be implemented by teachers who decide to use it as a tool for their EFL classes in Escuela Nueva contexts. The results showed that coexistence, similarities and differences, and community make part of the cultural and linguistic basis of the learning of English. In conclusion, the design of the unit is a helpful basis for future researchers who want to continue making their contributions to the field through deeper inquiries, with the intention of creating new material as well as increasing the interest in researching the rural context of Escuela Nueva

Diseño y perforación de un pozo para fines de riego en el ingenio San Antonio, en el municipio de Chichigalpa, departamento de Chinandega

Presenta el diseño y perforación de un pozo para fines de riego en el ingenio San Antonio, en el municipio de Chichigalpa, departamento de Chinandega. Se realiza la perforación y caracterización hidrológica del área del pozo; así mismo se diseña y se selecciona el equipo de bombeo según la demanda y el rendimiento del pozo

HER-2: Un marcador molecular usado en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama

La expresión de receptores proporciona información fundamental para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Cerca del 20 al 30% de los cánceres de mama sobreexpresan el receptor HER2 como resultado de la amplificación de la región cromosómica 17q12-21, el cual está asociado con subtipos agresivos y con sobrevidas bajas. Un diagnóstico preciso del estado de HER2 es fundamental debido a su relación al tratamiento con trastuzumab (Herceptin®) y otros medicamentos. Para el diagnóstico se han diseñado varias técnicas, las cuales determinan el estado de HER2 en tejidos tumorales, tales como Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) e Hibridización In situ (ISH, por sus siglas en inglés). Algunos de los resultados obtenidos por IHQ son catalogados como no concluyentes, por ello se ha planteado la IHQ como prueba de detección primaria seguida por una prueba ISH confirmatoria.

HER-2: Un marcador molecular usado en el diagnóstico, pronóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama

La expresión de receptores proporciona información fundamental para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Cerca del 20 al 30% de los cánceres de mama sobreexpresan el receptor HER2 como resultado de la amplificación de la región cromosómica 17q12-21, el cual está asociado con subtipos agresivos y con sobrevidas bajas. Un diagnóstico preciso del estado de HER2 es fundamental debido a su relación al tratamiento con trastuzumab (Herceptin®) y otros medicamentos. Para el diagnóstico se han diseñado varias técnicas, las cuales determinan el estado de HER2 en tejidos tumorales, tales como Inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) e Hibridización In situ (ISH, por sus siglas en inglés). Algunos de los resultados obtenidos por IHQ son catalogados como no concluyentes, por ello se ha planteado la IHQ como prueba de detección primaria seguida por una prueba ISH confirmatoria.

Genetic variation in coat colour genes MC1R and ASIP provides insights into domestication and management of South American camelids

The domestication of wild vicuña and guanaco by early pre-Inca cultures is an iconic example of wildlife management and domestication in the Americas. Although domestic llamas and alpacas were clearly selected for key, yet distinct, phenotypic traits, the relative patterns and direction of selection and domestication have not been confirmed using genetic approaches. However, the detailed archaeological records from the region suggest that domestication was a process carried out under significant control and planning, which would have facilitated coordinated and thus extremely effective selective pressure to achieve and maintain desired phenotypic traits. Here we link patterns of sequence variation in two well-characterised genes coding for colour variation in vertebrates and interpret the results in the context of domestication in guanacos and vicuñas. We hypothesise that colour variation in wild populations of guanacos and vicunas were strongly selected against. In contrast, variation in coat colour variation in alpaca was strongly selected for and became rapidly fixed in alpacas. In contrast, coat colour variants in llamas were of less economic value, and thus were under less selective pressure. We report for the first time the full sequence of MC1R and 3 exons of ASIP in 171 wild specimens from throughout their distribution and which represented a range of commonly observed colour patterns. We found a significant difference in the number of non-synonymous substitutions, but not synonymous substitutions among wild and domestics species. The genetic variation in MC1R and ASIP did not differentiate alpaca from llama due to the high degree of reciprocal introgression, but the combination of 11 substitutions are sufficient to distinguish domestic from wild animals. Although there is gene flow among domestic and wild species, most of the non-synonymous variation in MC1R and ASIP was not observed in wild species, presumably because these substitutions and the associated colour phenotypes are not effectively transmitted back into wild populations. Therefore, this set of substitutions unequivocally differentiates wild from domestic animals, which will have important practical application in forensic cases involving the poaching of wild vicuñas and guanacos. These markers will also assist in identifying and studying archaeological remains pre- and post-domestication.</p

Phylogeography and population genetics of Vicugna vicugna: evolution in the arid Andean high plateau

The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is the most representative wild ungulate of the high Andes of South America with two recognized morphological subspecies, V. v. mensalis in the north and V. v. vicugna in the south of its distribution. Current vicuña population size (460,000–520,000 animals) is the result of population recovery programs established in response to 500 years of overexploitation. Despite the vicuña’s ecosystemic, economic and social importance, studies about their genetic variation and history are limited and geographically restricted. Here, we present a comprehensive assessment of the genetic diversity of vicuña based on samples collected throughout its distribution range corresponding to eleven localities in Peru and five in Chile representing V. v. mensalis, plus four localities each in Argentina and Chile representing V. v. vicugna. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers show contrasting results regarding differentiation between the two vicuña types with mitochondrial haplotypes supporting subspecies differentiation, albeit with only a few mutational steps separating the two subspecies. In contrast, microsatellite markers show that vicuña genetic variation is best explained as an isolation by distance pattern where populations on opposite ends of the distribution present different allelic compositions, but the intermediate populations present a variety of alleles shared by both extreme forms. Demographic characterization of the species evidenced a simultaneous and strong reduction in the effective population size in all localities supporting the existence of a unique, large ancestral population (effective size ∼50,000 individuals) as recently as the mid-Holocene. Furthermore, the genetic variation observed across all localities is better explained by a model of gene flow interconnecting them rather than only by genetic drift. Consequently, we propose space “continuous” Management Units for vicuña as populations exhibit differentiation by distance and spatial autocorrelation linked to sex biased dispersal instead of population fragmentation or geographical barriers across the distribution

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

CIBERER: Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

13 páginas,1 figura, 3 tablas, 1 apéndice. Se extraen los autores pertenecientes a The CIBERER network que trabajan en Centros del CSIC del Appendix ACIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research.This study has been funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and Spanish Ministry of Science and InnovationPeer reviewe

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Colombian consensus recommendations for diagnosis, management and treatment of the infection by SARS-COV-2/ COVID-19 in health care facilities - Recommendations from expert´s group based and informed on evidence

La Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN) y el Instituto de Evaluación de Nuevas Tecnologías de la Salud (IETS) conformó un grupo de trabajo para desarrollar recomendaciones informadas y basadas en evidencia, por consenso de expertos para la atención, diagnóstico y manejo de casos de Covid 19. Estas guías son dirigidas al personal de salud y buscar dar recomendaciones en los ámbitos de la atención en salud de los casos de Covid-19, en el contexto nacional de Colombia