Dynamics of Remittance in Bangladesh: A Case Study on United Commercial Bank (UCB)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the inward as well as outward remittance performance of United Commercial Bank (UCB), Bangladesh. The study exposes that the inward and outward remittance of UCB has been increasing over the years i.e. from 2007 to 2013. In 2013, the highest inward remittances come through Xpress money among the leading five products (Xpress money, Western Union, NEC Italy, Money gram and Modern Exchange). In 2013, the remittance inflow has decreased compared to 2012 from Soudi Arabia, Libya and United States of America while remittance in flow has increased from Malaysia, United Kingdom, Italy, Kuwait and Qatar. The rate of growth of inward remittance of UCB has dropped after 2010, although in 2013, it increased a little bit compared to 2011 and 2012. While growth rate of outward remittance showed an erratic trend form 2010 to 2013. Based on the findings it can be said that UCB should introduce new inward remittance product as well as it should arrange seminar and symposium to introduce the cost and benefits of their remittance products in home and abroad which may increase the remittance flow from different countries and  this will ultimately benefit the county’s economy. Keywords: UCB, Inward remittance, Outward remittance, Growth rate, Erratic trend, and Cost and benefit

Job Satisfaction of Employees in Banking Sector: A Case Study on Janata Bank Limited

The aim of this study is to evaluate the level of job satisfaction of the employees of state owned commercial bank (SCB) named as Janata Bank Limited. Data was collected for this study by questionnaire method. The study shows that Job preference, Cooperation among Co-workers, Working Environment, Working Facilities, Salary Satisfaction, Increment Satisfaction, Welfare Facilities, other facilities, Performance Appraisal System, Behavior of boss, Career Development organism, and Promotion system significantly influence job satisfaction of  employees. The study indicates a positive sign regarding overall job satisfaction of employees of the bank. In such situation, job satisfaction of bank officers becomes an important issue that has to be taken care of in order to achieve ultimate goals of the banking sector in Bangladesh. Keywords: Job satisfaction, SCB (state owned commercial bank), Bank Employees and Satisfaction Leve

Factors influencing employee performance and their impact on productivity: A study of commercial banks in Bangladesh

Employees are the most valuable part of every organization in the world, and the success of the organization depends on how well its employees do their jobs. Nowadays, commercial banks in Bangladesh are growing overwhelmingly, so the competition is enhancing one bank to another. Employee performance at the firm level and workplace productivity has not been empirically studied in the context of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to find out the variables that affect how well employees at banking institutions in Bangladesh do their jobs. People who worked in private banks in Bangladesh were the focus of this study and the final sample size was 250. The sample size was suitable for quantitative regression analysis. The questionnaire was sent to the e-mail ids of employees, and the questionnaires were adopted from the previous studies. To test the model and hypothesis, SPSS is used to analyze collected data in this study. The regression analysis was duly run with using the SPSS 26.0 version. The study shows that competence, compensation, leadership, and motivation have a big and good effect on how well employees do their jobs in regard to private commercial banks in Bangladesh. So, bank authorities should identify the factors influencing the improvement of the performance of bank employees, and they need to focus on employee productivity-enhancing activities

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Molecular characterization of Jatropha curcas germplasm using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers in Peninsular Malaysia

Molecular characterization and evaluation of germplasm was carried out using 10 Inter simple sequences repeat (ISSR) on 48 accessions of Jatropha curcas (L) collected from three states (Kelantan, Selangor and Terengganu) in Peninsular Malaysia. The stem cuttings of these J. curcas accessions were collected, raised in the nursery and then transferred to the experimental site at University Agricultural Park. The 48 J. curcas accessions were grouped into three different populationsbased on the state from where they were collected. Percentage polymorphism in these three populations ranged from 90.75% (Terengganu) to 100% (Kelantan). Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 94 % of the total variation was observed within the populations while variation among the populations accounted for the remaining 6%. A dendrogram produced by Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) based on Nei's genetic distance grouped the whole germplasm into 11 distinct clusters. Based on the information from this dendrogram, accessions that are far from each other by virtue of genetic origin and diversity index are strongly recommended to be use as parent for crossing. This will bring about greatergenetic diversity, thus resulting into increase in selection gain. This will also lead to high productive index in terms of increase in fruit yield per hectare, oil yield, seed weight and other yield components. Therefore, accessions, B-01-03, T-01-09, B-04-01 and T-01-01 could be crossed with accessions D-04-02, B-05-05, B-01-04, and D-01-06 for the improvement of J. curcas in future breeding program

Hypothesis Homology modeling and assigned functional annotation of an uncharacterized antitoxin protein from Streptomyces xinghaiensis

Abstract: Streptomyces xinghaiensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic and non-motile bacterium. The bacterial genome is known. Therefore, it is of interest to study the uncharacterized proteins in the genome. An uncharacterized protein (gi|518540893|86 residues) in the genome was selected for a comprehensive computational sequence-structure-function analysis using available data and tools. Subcellular localization of the targeted protein with conserved residues and assigned secondary structures is documented. Sequence homology search against the protein data bank (PDB) and non-redundant GenBank proteins using BLASTp showed different homologous proteins with known antitoxin function. A homology model of the target protein was developed using a known template (PDB ID: 3CTO:A) with 62% sequence similarity in HHpred after assessment using programs PROCHECK and QMEAN6. The predicted active site using CASTp is analyzed for assigned anti-toxin function. This information finds specific utility in annotating the said uncharacterized protein in the bacterial genome. Keywords: antitoxin, homology modeling, active-site residues, prediction, hypothetical protein, Streptomyces xinghaiensis Background: Streptomyces are soil-conquering gram-positive bacteria and a member of the order of Actinomycetales [1]. Streptomyces xinghaiensis, a novel species of Streptomyces, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from Xinghai Bay, Dalian, China [2]. The S. xinghaiensis draft genome contains 7,618,725 bp with a GC content of 72.5%, representing approximately 92.7% of the 8.2-Mb estimated size of the genome. Analysis of the genome revealed a number of genes related to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. At least 15 clusters involved in secondary metabolism were identified; these include one gene cluster that highly resembles the gene cluster of ribostamycin [3], an amino-glycoside antibiotic. Toxinantitoxin (TA) system was widely adopted in many genomes like bacteria and archaea and is usually recognized as a maintenance or stability mediator [4, 5]. Although, the exact role of this system in the genome is not clear but, acts as sentinels against DNA loss and various stress managemen