Les stratégies d’accompagnement mises en place par la personne enseignante visant à développer la participation sociale de l’élève handicapé ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage (ÉHDAA) en vue de favoriser sa transition de l’école vers la vie active (TÉVA)

L’élève handicapé ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage (ÉHDAA) peut être confronté à plusieurs situations d’adversité lors de sa transition de l’école vers la vie active (TÉVA) (Julien-Gauthier et al., 2015). En effet, plusieurs facteurs de risque personnels, environnementaux et familiaux l’entourent et peuvent ainsi compromettre sa participation sociale (Julien-Gauthier et al., 2015). Aider l’élève à avoir une participation sociale optimale est donc l’objectif ultime du milieu scolaire (Julien-Gauthier et al., 2016). Par ailleurs, la personne enseignante est la personne tout indiquée pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies d’accompagnement auprès de l’ÉHDAA visant le développement de sa participation sociale en vue de favoriser sa TÉVA, celle-ci étant considérée comme un tuteur de résilience (Julien-Gauthier et al., 2018). Or, malheureusement, la personne enseignante ne sait pas toujours comment bien accompagner l’élève dans ce processus (Sobel, 2018). Par conséquent, cet essai, de type étude de cas, tente de répondre à la question générale de recherche suivante : comment la personne enseignante en adaptation scolaire et sociale de l’école secondaire peut-elle accompagner l’ÉHDAA en salle de classe dans le développement de sa participation sociale en vue de favoriser sa TÉVA? Pour ce faire, l’objectif général poursuivi est de développer un référentiel de moyens permettant à la personne enseignante en adaptation scolaire et sociale de l’école secondaire de mettre en place des stratégies et d’analyser les possibilités de mise en application de moyens visant à développer la participation sociale de l’ÉHDAA en vue de favoriser sa TÉVA dans son milieu. Plus précisément, la personne étudiante poursuit 3 objectifs. Le premier objectif est de recenser les stratégies d’accompagnement et les moyens issus des connaissances scientifiques pouvant être utilisés en salle de classe par la personne enseignante en adaptation scolaire et sociale de l’école secondaire et visant à développer la participation sociale de l’ÉHDAA en vue de favoriser sa TÉVA. Le deuxième objectif est d’identifier les stratégies d’accompagnement et les moyens mis en place par les personnes participantes en salle de classe. Le troisième objectif consiste à faire ressortir les facteurs de risque et de protection influençant la mise en place de stratégies et de moyens par celles-ci. Pour recueillir les données, la recension des écrits et l’entrevue individuelle semi-dirigée sont les instruments choisis

Restauration des gradients éco-hydrologiques dans les écotones artificiels en périphérie des tourbières post-extraction

Maintenant que les méthodes optimales permettant la restauration des tourbières post-extraction du Québec sont connues et appliquées, il devient pertinent de s’intéresser aux écotones artificiels laissés en périphérie des sites restaurés. Ce projet visait à caractériser les écarts entre les gradients écohydrologiques d’écotones artificiels périphériques aux tourbières post-extraction et ceux d’écotones de référence dans des tourbières non perturbées et à tester des aménagements visant à amenuiser ces écarts. Des relevés hydrologiques, topographiques et de végétation effectués le long de transects traversant ces écotones ont été réalisés dans un fen et deux bogs post-extraction (Québec et Alberta). Nos résultats démontrent qu’une montée allant jusqu’à 119 cm dans le premier mètre et qu’une nappe phréatique profonde (jusqu’à -65 cm) dans les quatre premiers mètres bordant le canal sont présentes. Une strate arborescente dense (24 000 tiges/ha comparé à un maximum de 2 000 tiges/ha dans les écotones de référence) et une faible présence de mousses ont aussi été notées dans les premiers mètres en bordure de la lisière d’extraction. Ainsi, les perturbations éco-hydrologiques causées par l’extraction de la tourbe sur la tourbière adjacente sont importantes à 1 m du canal, toujours présentes à 8 m et nulles à 25 m. Des travaux d’aménagement ont été testés dans des écotones artificiels afin de réduire leurs écarts éco-hydrologiques avec les gradients des écotones de référence. Le canal de drainage périphérique a été complètement remblayé, la pente du sol aplanie et la végétation arborescente éliminée dans les premiers mètres adjacents à la tourbière post-extraction. Ces aménagements ont mené à une remontée de la nappe phréatique grâce à la diminution des écarts éco-hydrologiques entre les écotones artificiels en périphérie des tourbières post-extraction et les écotones de référence. Ces résultats permettent de suggérer l’intégration de ces étapes dans la restauration des tourbières postextraction.Now that optimal restoration methods of cutover peatlands are known and applied, it becomes relevant to study the sharp ecotones left at the edge of these sites. This project aimed to characterize the eco-hydrological gradients of these artificial ecotones and to test restoration actions to reduce the eco-hydrological differences between these and reference ecotones. The topography, the hydrology and the vegetation have been characterized along transects extending into these ecotones in one cutover fen and two cutover bogs (Quebec and Alberta). Our results show sharp changes in the elevation of the soil surface and groundwater table, with height differences in soil surface up to 119 cm in the first meter next to the ditch and goundwater table as deep as 65 cm below the surface in the first four meters near the ditch. Tree density up to 24 000 stems/ha compared to a maximum of 2 000 stems/ha in the reference ecotones has been found along the edge in the first meters next to the ditch resulting in mosses coverage much lower than in reference ecotones. Thus, the impacts of horticultural peat extraction activities are important at one meter next to the contour ditch into the adjacent peatland, still present at 8 m and absent at 25 m. To reduce those eco-hydrological disturbances, restoration actions consisting in tree cutting, complete ditch filling and gradual leveling of the soil surface have been tested along the edge of the artificial ecotones. The topography and groundwater table in the managed ecotones showed more progressive gradients which suggests the return of eco-hydrological conditions that will favour a transition similar to the reference ecotones. On the basis of those results, we suggest integrating these steps to restore artificial ecotones as a regular action of restoration processes intended for post-extraction peatlands

Practice of Contemporary Dance Improves Cognitive Flexibility in Aging

As society ages and frequency of dementia increases exponentially, counteracting cognitive aging decline is a challenging issue for countries of the developed world. Previous studies have suggested that physical fitness based on cardiovascular and strength training helps to improve attentional control in normal aging. However, how motor activity based on motor-skill learning can also benefit attentional control with age has been hitherto a neglected issue. This study examined the impact of contemporary dance (CD) improvisation on attentional control of older adults, as compared to two other motor training programs, fall prevention and Tai Chi Chuan. Participants performed setting, suppressing, and switching attention tasks before and after 5.7-month training in either CD or fall prevention or Tai Chi Chuan. Results indicated that CD improved switching but not setting or suppressing attention. In contrast, neither fall prevention nor Tai Chi Chuan showed any effect. We suggest that CD improvisation works as a training for change, inducing plasticity in flexible attention

Measuring catatonia motor behavior with objective instrumentation.

Objective Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome, with important psychomotor features, associated with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. The syndrome comprises multiple symptoms including abnormal motor control, behaviors, volition, and autonomic regulation. Catatonia assessment relies on clinical rating scales and clinicians familiar with the catatonia exam. However, objective instrumentation may aid the detection of catatonia. We aimed to investigate the relationship between movement parameters derived from actigraphy and expert ratings of catatonia symptoms measured by the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) and the Northoff Catatonia scale (NCS). Methods Eighty-six acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were assessed with the BFCRS, the NCS, and 24 h continuous actigraphy. Non-wear and sleep periods were removed from the actigraphy data prior to analysis. Associations between total catatonia scores, derived from both BFCRS and NCS, and actigraphy parameters as well as between single BFCRS items and actigraphy parameters were calculated using Spearman's rank correlation and non-parametric ANCOVAs (Quade's ANCOVAs), respectively. Results Both higher BFCRS total scores (r = 0.369, p = 0.006) and NCS total scores (r = 0.384, p = 0.004) were associated with lower activity levels (AL). Higher scores on single BFCRS items such as immobility/stupor or staring were linked to lower AL (immobility/stupor: F = 17.388, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.175; staring: F = 7.849, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.162) and lower metabolic equivalents of task (MET). Conclusion Specific catatonia symptoms such as immobility/stupor and staring can be measured with actigraphy. This may aid the detection, staging, and monitoring of catatonia in clinical settings

The Behavioral Mapping of Psychomotor Slowing in Psychosis Demonstrates Heterogeneity Among Patients Suggesting Distinct Pathobiology.

OBJECTIVES Psychomotor slowing (PS) occurs in up to half of schizophrenia patients and is linked to poorer outcomes. As standard treatment fails to improve PS, novel approaches are needed. Here, we applied the RDoC framework using 3 units of analysis, ie, behavior, self-report, and physiology to test, whether patients with PS are different from patients without PS and controls. METHODS Motor behavior was compared between 71 schizophrenia patients with PS, 25 without PS, and 42 healthy controls (HC) using 5 different measures: (1) for behavior, an expert rating scale: Motor score of the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, (2) for self-report, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; and for physiology, (3) Actigraphy, which accounts for gross motor behavior, (4) Gait velocity, and (5) coin rotation task to assess manual dexterity. RESULTS The ANCOVAs comparing the 3 groups revealed differences between patients with PS and HC in expert ratings, self-report, and instrumental measures (all P ≤ .001). Patients with PS also scored higher in expert ratings and had lower instrumental activity levels compared to patients without PS (all P ≤ .045). Instrumental activity levels correlated with an expert rating of PS (rho = -0.51, P-fdr corrected <.001) and classified similarly at 72% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS PS is characterized by slower gait, lower activity levels, and slower finger movements compared to HC. However, only actigraphy and observer ratings enable to clearly disentangle PS from non-PS patients. Actigraphy may become the standard assessment of PS in neuroimaging studies and clinical trials

Coronary stent artifact reduction with an edge-enhancing reconstruction kernel : a prospective cross-sectional study with 256-slice CT

Purpose Metallic artifacts can result in an artificial thickening of the coronary stent wall which can significantly impair computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with coronary stents. The objective of this study is to assess in vivo visualization of coronary stent wall and lumen with an edge-enhancing CT reconstruction kernel, as compared to a standard kernel. Methods This is a prospective cross-sectional study involving the assessment of 71 coronary stents (24 patients), with blinded observers. After 256-slice CT angiography, image reconstruction was done with medium-smooth and edge-enhancing kernels. Stent wall thickness was measured with both orthogonal and circumference methods, averaging thickness from diameter and circumference measurements, respectively. Image quality was assessed quantitatively using objective parameters (noise, signal to noise (SNR) and contrast to noise (CNR) ratios), as well as visually using a 5-point Likert scale. Results Stent wall thickness was decreased with the edge-enhancing kernel in comparison to the standard kernel, either with the orthogonal (0.97 ± 0.02 versus 1.09 ± 0.03 mm, respectively; p<0.001) or the circumference method (1.13 ± 0.02 versus 1.21 ± 0.02 mm, respectively; p = 0.001). The edge-enhancing kernel generated less overestimation from nominal thickness compared to the standard kernel, both with the orthogonal (0.89 ± 0.19 versus 1.00 ± 0.26 mm, respectively; p<0.001) and the circumference (1.06 ± 0.26 versus 1.13 ± 0.31 mm, respectively; p = 0.005) methods. The edge-enhancing kernel was associated with lower SNR and CNR, as well as higher background noise (all p < 0.001), in comparison to the medium-smooth kernel. Stent visual scores were higher with the edge-enhancing kernel (p<0.001). Conclusion In vivo 256-slice CT assessment of coronary stents shows that the edge-enhancing CT reconstruction kernel generates thinner stent walls, less overestimation from nominal thickness, and better image quality scores than the standard kernel

The CADM1 tumor suppressor gene is a major candidate gene in MDS with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to peripheral cytopenias and in a substantial proportion of cases to acute myeloid leukemia. The deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11, del(11q), is a rare but recurrent clonal event in MDS. Here, we detail the largest series of 113 cases of MDS and myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) harboring a del(11q) analyzed at clinical, cytological, cytogenetic, and molecular levels. Female predominance, a survival prognosis similar to other MDS, a low monocyte count, and dysmegakaryopoiesis were the specific clinical and cytological features of del(11q) MDS. In most cases, del(11q) was isolated, primary and interstitial encompassing the 11q22-23 region containing ATM, KMT2A, and CBL genes. The common deleted region at 11q23.2 is centered on an intergenic region between CADM1 (also known as Tumor Suppressor in Lung Cancer 1) and NXPE2. CADM1 was expressed in all myeloid cells analyzed in contrast to NXPE2. At the functional level, the deletion of Cadm1 in murine Lineage-Sca1+Kit+ cells modifies the lymphoid-to-myeloid ratio in bone marrow, although not altering their multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution potential after syngenic transplantation. Together with the frequent simultaneous deletions of KMT2A, ATM, and CBL and mutations of ASXL1, SF3B1, and CBL, we show that CADM1 may be important in the physiopathology of the del(11q) MDS, extending its role as tumor-suppressor gene from solid tumors to hematopoietic malignancies

Archeohandi: protocol for a national disabilities database in archaeology in France

The archaeology of disability is a relatively recent and little-known approach in France. While the study of palaeopathology now goes hand in hand with funerary archaeology and osteoarchaeology, the French study of disabilities and disabling pathologies remains marginal and unevenly treated, depending on location, chronology and researcher’s interest. This paper focuses on highlighting the compatibility between this new research area, the obligations of osteoarchaeology, and the benefits of developing a national, diachronic, and interdisciplinary study. A database is designed within an interpretive, consensual framework, that can be adapted to overcome limitations and promote open-minded research on the care of the disabled in their own communities. A preliminary category selection of disabling pathologies has been made. These are trepanation, completely edentulous and/or compensating denture, neuronal impairment, severe scoliosis, Paget's disease, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH), rickets, dwarfism, infectious diseases, unreduced fracture, amputation, severe degenerative disease and others. This list has been critically reviewed by experts in the field; it will evolve in a somewhat Darwinian fashion. Our database is hosted on the Huma-Num platform, with a management interface and quick access based on multiple tabs. The data includes information about archaeological operations, subjects, and pathologies; it is complemented by pictorial data stored on the Nakala platform. The development involved creating a prototype using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, and PHP, with features to display, add, modify, and delete operations and subjects. Enhancements have been made, including search optimization, charts, and the ability to export data in CSV format. The database, whose administrative interface can be accessed at archeohandi.huma-num.fr, contains so far 211 existing operations with a total of 1232 registered subjects spread throughout metropolitan France. These initial data reveal numerous research perspectives in osteoarchaeology that can be combined with other research topics, such as virtual reality

Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information

[EN] Background In vitro digestion models show great promise in facilitating the rationale design of foods. This paper provides a look into the current state of the art and outlines possible future paths for developments of digestion models recreating the diverse physiological conditions of specific groups of the human population. Scope and approach Based on a collective effort of experts, this paper outlines considerations and parameters needed for development of new in vitro digestion models, e.g. gastric pH, enzymatic activities, gastric emptying rate and more. These and other parameters are detrimental to the adequate development of in vitro models that enable deeper insight into matters of food luminal breakdown as well as nutrient and nutraceutical bioaccessibility. Subsequently, we present an overview of some new and emerging in vitro digestion models mirroring the gastro-intestinal conditions of infants, the elderly and patients of cystic fibrosis or gastric bypass surgery. Key findings and conclusions This paper calls for synchronization, harmonization and validation of potential developments in in vitro digestion models that would greatly facilitate manufacturing of foods tailored or even personalized, to a certain extent, to various strata of the human population.Shani-Levi, C.; Alvito, P.; Andrés Grau, AM.; Assunção, R.; Barbera, R.; Blanquet-Diot, S.; Bourlieu, C.... (2017). Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 60:52-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.10.017S52636

Hemidesmosome integrity protects the colon against colitis and colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological and clinical data indicate that patients suffering from IBD with long-standing colitis display a higher risk to develop colorectal high-grade dysplasia. Whereas carcinoma invasion and metastasis rely on basement membrane (BM) disruption, experimental evidence is lacking regarding the potential contribution of epithelial cell/BM anchorage on inflammation onset and subsequent neoplastic transformation of inflammatory lesions. Herein, we analyse the role of the alpha6beta4 integrin receptor found in hemidesmosomes that attach intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to the laminin-containing BM. DESIGN: We developed new mouse models inducing IEC-specific ablation of alpha6 integrin either during development (alpha6DeltaIEC) or in adults (alpha6DeltaIEC-TAM). RESULTS: Strikingly, all alpha6DeltaIEC mutant mice spontaneously developed long-standing colitis, which degenerated overtime into infiltrating adenocarcinoma. The sequence of events leading to disease onset entails hemidesmosome disruption, BM detachment, IL-18 overproduction by IECs, hyperplasia and enhanced intestinal permeability. Likewise, IEC-specific ablation of alpha6 integrin induced in adult mice (alpha6DeltaIEC-TAM) resulted in fully penetrant colitis and tumour progression. Whereas broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment lowered tissue pathology and IL-1beta secretion from infiltrating myeloid cells, it failed to reduce Th1 and Th17 response. Interestingly, while the initial intestinal inflammation occurred independently of the adaptive immune system, tumourigenesis required B and T lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS: We provide for the first time evidence that loss of IECs/BM interactions triggered by hemidesmosome disruption initiates the development of inflammatory lesions that progress into high-grade dysplasia and carcinoma. Colorectal neoplasia in our mouse models resemble that seen in patients with IBD, making them highly attractive for discovering more efficient therapies.PMC559510