Distributed Energy Trading: The Multiple-Microgrid Case

In this paper, a distributed convex optimization framework is developed for energy trading between islanded microgrids. More specifically, the problem consists of several islanded microgrids that exchange energy flows by means of an arbitrary topology. Due to scalability issues and in order to safeguard local information on cost functions, a subgradient-based cost minimization algorithm is proposed that converges to the optimal solution in a practical number of iterations and with a limited communication overhead. Furthermore, this approach allows for a very intuitive economics interpretation that explains the algorithm iterations in terms of "supply--demand model" and "market clearing". Numerical results are given in terms of convergence rate of the algorithm and attained costs for different network topologies.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures; new version answering reviewers' comments; the paper is now accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics; the paper is now publishe

On the Statistical Relationship between CME Speed and Soft X-ray Flux and Fluence of the Associated Flare

Both observation and theory reveal a close relationship between the kinematics of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and the thermal energy release traced by the related soft X-ray (SXR) emission. The major problem of empirical studies of this relationship is the distortion of the CME speed by the projection effect in the coronagraphic measurements. We present a re-assessment of the statistical relationship between CME velocities and SXR parameters, using the SOHO/LASCO catalog and GOES whole Sun observations during the period 1996 to 2008. 49 events were identified where CMEs originated near the limb, at central meridian distances between 70$^\circ$ and 85$^\circ$, and had a reliably identified SXR burst, the parameters of which - peak flux and fluence - could be determined with some confidence. We find similar correlations between the logarithms of CME speed and of SXR peak flux and fluence as several earlier studies, with correlation coefficients of 0.48 and 0.58, respectively. Correlations are slightly improved over an unrestricted CME sample when only limb events are used. However, a broad scatter persists. We derive the parameters of the CME-SXR relationship and use them to predict ICME arrival times at Earth. We show that the CME speed inferred from SXR fluence measurements tends to perform better than SoHO/LASCO measurements in the prediction of ICME arrival times near 1 AU. The estimation of the CME speed from SXR observations can therefore make a valuable contribution to space weather predictions.Comment: Solar Physics, in pres

Asynchronous online ADMM for consensus problems

In this paper, we consider the consensus problem where a set of nodes cooperate to minimize a global cost. In particular, we consider an online setting and propose an online algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. Besides, we take into account the asynchronous operation of the nodes. In this context, we prove that the algorithm attains sublinear regret on the objective. Finally, we assess numerically the performance of the algorithm in a distributed sparse regression problem

Design of a mixed reality workspace for an expressive humanoid robot

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 25).The MIT Media Laboratory Robotic Life Group's Leonardo is a highly expressive robot used for, among other things, social learning and human-robot teamwork research. A mixed reality workspace was conceived to aid in experimentation and demonstration of human-robot interaction by providing a complex state space and several interaction possibilities. A box concept was selected for its ability to incorporate several interaction mechanisms while allowing for meaningful physical tasks. A first iteration of the system was completed, which was controllable primarily through serial communication with a computer, while providing minimal physical communication. For a second revision of the system, physical interaction devices were developed which could be actuated by either the robot or a human, so as to better explore social interaction. Further development of the project will yield a robust, flexible and expandable tool with which future robot social learning and teamwork research can be performed.by Javier G. Matamoros.S.B

Adoptando diferentes perspectivas de investigación sobre concepto de derivada

En este trabajo se aborda una trayectoria de investigaciones considerando el concepto de derivada. En primer lugar, se presentan investigaciones sobre el desarrollo de la comprensión del concepto y, posteriormente, investigaciones centradas en el aprendizaje de estudiantes para profesor de matemáticas de lo que se considera conocimiento adecuado para la enseñanza de dicho concepto. Esto conlleva, en cierto modo cierta transferencia del conocimiento en el sentido de que dichas investigaciones aportan información para el diseño de módulos de formación, permitiendo realizar investigaciones en el contexto de aula sobre el aprendizaje de los futuros profesores

Falta de transparencia formal de una cláusula suelo en un contrato de préstamo hipotecario: comentario a la STS 8 septiembre 2014 (RJ 2014, 4660)

Una cláusula suelo es abusiva por falta de transparencia formal cuando el consumidor no pudo razonablemente conocer, al tiempo de celebrar el contrato, la existencia y efectos de aquélla.A floor clause is abusive for lack of formal transparency when the consumer can not to know clearly, at the time of concluding the contract, the existence and effects of that clause