Ctenosaura bakeri

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyGeological Science

The Linnaean Hierarchy and the Evolutionization of Taxonomy, with Emphasis on the Problem of Nomenclature

During the post-Darwinian history of taxonomy, the Linnaean hierarchy has maintained its role as a means for representing hierarchical taxonomic relationships. During the same period, the principle of descent has taken on an increasingly important role as the basis for reformulated versions of fundamental taxonomic concepts and principles. Early in this history, the principle of descent provided an explanation for the existence of taxa and implied a nested, hierarchical structure for taxonomic relationships. Although an evolutionary explanation for taxa contradicted the Aristotelian context within which the Linnaean hierarchy was developed, the nested, hierarchical structure of taxonomic rela· tionships implied by evolution was compatible with the practical use of the Linnaean hierarchy for conveying hierarchical relationships and seems to have reinforced this practice. Later changes associated with the development of taxon concepts based on the principle of descent led to changes in the interpretation of the Linnaean categories as well as certain modifications related to use of the Linnaean hierarchy in representing phylogenetic relationships. Although some authors questioned use of the Linnaean hierarchy in phylogenetic taxonomies, most continued to use it in one form ot artother. More recently, taxonomists have considered the relevance of the principle of descent to nomenclature. They have found fundamental inconsistencies between concepts of taxa based on that principle and methods currently used to define taxon names, which are based on the Linnaean hierarchy. Although these inconsistencies can be corrected without totally eliminating the Linnaean hierarchy, the necessary changes would greatly reduce the importance of that hierarchy, particularly in the area of nomenclature. Moreover, the earlier development of taxon concepts based on the principle of descent effectively proposed taxonomic categories of greater theoretical significance than those of the Linnaean hierarchy. The historical trend of granting increasing importance to the principle of descent has reduced the significance of the Linnaean hierarchy to the point where it may no longer be worth retaining

Amber fossils demonstrate deep-time stability of Caribbean lizard communities

Whether the structure of ecological communities can exhibit stability over macroevolutionary timescales has long been debated. The similarity of independently evolved Anolis lizard communities on environmentally similar Greater Antillean islands supports the notion that community evolution is deterministic. However, a dearth of Caribbean Anolis fossils—only three have been described to date—has precluded direct investigation of the stability of anole communities through time. Here we report on an additional 17 fossil anoles in Dominican amber dating to 15–20 My before the present. Using data collected primarily by X-ray microcomputed tomography (X-ray micro-CT), we demonstrate that the main elements of Hispaniolan anole ecomorphological diversity were in place in the Miocene. Phylogenetic analysis yields results consistent with the hypothesis that the ecomorphs that evolved in the Miocene are members of the same ecomorph clades extant today. The primary axes of ecomorphological diversity in the Hispaniolan anole fauna appear to have changed little between the Miocene and the present, providing evidence for the stability of ecological communities over macroevolutionary timescales

CARTOGRAFÍA DE LOS SERVICIOS DE RECEPCIÓN A ESTUDIANTES CON PADECIMIENTOS PSICOLÓGICOS EN UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE BRASIL

Objective: to map the welcoming services in Mental Health offered to students by Brazilian publicuniversities. Method: a documentary research study presented as a cartography of the Brazilianpublic universities that offer in-person courses. The data were collected from August to October2019 on the Ministry of Education website, according to the following variables: informationabout the welcoming service, access modality, activities offered; and geographic distribution ofthe universities offering the service in Brazil. Results: of the 107 universities, 73 report having awelcoming service in Mental Health and, of these, 43 indicate the access modality, mostly throughappointment scheduling, and the types of activities developed with respect to PsychologicalEmergency Care. Final Considerations: with the increase in psychological distress among students,it is the university’s duty to be an interlocutor and welcome this demand. The study contributes bywarning about the need to expand these services.Objetivo: mapear os serviços de acolhimento em saúde mental ofertados aos acadêmicos pelas universidades públicas brasileiras. Método: pesquisa documental apresentada como cartografia das universidades públicas presenciais brasileiras. Os dados foram coletados de agosto a outubro de 2019 no site do Ministério da Educação, segundo as variáveis: informações sobre o serviço de acolhimento, modalidade de acesso, atividades ofertadas, distribuição geográfica das universidades que ofertam o serviço no Brasil. Resultados: das 107 universidades, 73 referem ter um serviço de acolhimento em saúde mental, e destas, 43 informam a modalidade de acesso, sendo a maioria o agendamento, e os tipos de atividades desenvolvidas, com respeito ao Plantão Psicológico. Considerações Finais:com o aumento de sofrimento psíquico entre acadêmicos, é missão da academia dialogar e acolher essa demanda. O estudo contribui alertando para a necessidade da expansão desses serviços.Objetivo: mapear los servicios de recepción en Salud Mental que ofrecen las universidades públicas de Brasil a susestudiantes. Método: investigación documental presentada en la forma de una cartografía de las universidadespúblicas con carreras presenciales de Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron entre agosto y octubre de 2019 en el sitioweb del Ministerio de Educación, de acuerdo con las siguientes variables: información sobre el servicio de recepción,modalidad de acceso, actividades ofrecidas y distribución geográfica de las universidades que ofrecen el servicio enBrasil. Resultados: de las 107 universidades, 73 informan tener un servicio de recepción en salud mental y, de estas, 43indican la modalidad de acceso, la mayoría por medio de cita previa, y los tipos de actividades que se desarrollan, conrespecto a la Psicología de emergencia. Consideraciones Finales: dado el incremento en los índices de padecimientopsicológico entre los estudiantes, la misión de las universidades es ser interlocutores y receptores de dicha demanda.El aporte del estudio es advertir acerca de la necesidad de expandir estos servicios

Análise do uso de tecnologias digitais na extensão universitária durante o isolamento social / Analysis of the use of digital technologies in university extension during social isolation

A extensão universitária é muito importante para formação de um graduando, desempenha papel de ligação entre a pesquisa e o ensino e contribui para a transformação da sociedade. Por outro lado, a pandemia impôs o isolamento social para boa parte do mundo, tornando necessário que as atividades de ensino sejam adaptadas e, na maioria dos casos, sejam feitas de forma remota para que o o ciclo de aprendizagem não seja interrompido ou que os problemas com o aprendizado sejam minimizados mesmo diante da situação atual. Para avaliar se o ensino remoto se mostra como uma boa alternativa para se manter o ciclo de ensino-aprendizado diante da situação de isolamento social, foram ministrados, pelo Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) de uma universidade de Natal/RN para os alunos dos cursos de Engenharia Civil e de Arquitetura,  três minicursos (Excel básico, Canva e Ftool) de forma remota usando a plataforma Blackboard e esta aplicação foi avaliada pela aplicação de um questionário aos participantes dos minicursos. Desta forma, mostramos como os minicursos foram planejados e aplicados, bem como discutimos os resultados da aplicação do formulário que nos mostram que o ensino remoto é viável e apresenta grandes possibilidades para capacitações diante do cenário de isolamento social e que pode ser usado como forma complementar ao ensino presencial tanto para capacitação profissional quanto para uma efetiva formação acadêmica

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The sac evolution imaging follow-up after endovascular aortic repair:An international expert opinion-based Delphi consensus study

Objective: Management of follow-up protocols after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) varies significantly between centers and is not standardized according to sac regression. By designing an international expert-based Delphi consensus, the study aimed to create recommendations on follow-up after EVAR according to sac evolution. Methods: Eight facilitators created appropriate statements regarding the study topic that were voted, using a 4-point Likert scale, by a selected panel of international experts using a three-round modified Delphi consensus process. Based on the experts' responses, only those statements reaching a grade A (full agreement ≥75%) or B (overall agreement ≥80% and full disagreement &lt;5%) were included in the final document. Results: One-hundred and seventy-four participants were included in the final analysis, and each voted the initial 29 statements related to the definition of sac regression (Q1-Q9), EVAR follow-up (Q10-Q14), and the assessment and role of sac regression during follow-up (Q15-Q29). At the end of the process, 2 statements (6.9%) were rejected, 9 statements (31%) received a grade B consensus strength, and 18 (62.1%) reached a grade A consensus strength. Of 27 final statements, 15 (55.6%) were classified as grade I, whereas 12 (44.4%) were classified as grade II. Experts agreed that sac regression should be considered an important indicator of EVAR success and always be assessed during follow-up after EVAR. Conclusions: Based on the elevated strength and high consistency of this international expert-based Delphi consensus, most of the statements might guide the current clinical management of follow-up after EVAR according to the sac regression. Future studies are needed to clarify debated issues.</p

The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals

The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments. Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals and birds, but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes. Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse—more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. The GC content of this lizard genome is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds. We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. An anole phylogeny resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant DEB-0920892)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (NSF grant DEB-0844624)National Human Genome Research Institute (U.S.