Visual bordering: how refugee-serving organizations represent refugees on Instagram

Theories of symbolic bordering highlight how xenophobic media coverage and humanitarian messaging create boundaries between migrants and receiving communities partly based on deservingness. Contrasting with studies of mainly text-based representations of refugees, we examine refugee-serving organizations’ visual communications work on Instagram. Using a discourse-centered online ethnographic approach, we collected 191 posts made in early 2021 by five UK-based organizations. Then, we applied quantitative content and qualitative semiotic analysis to these posts, complemented by two semi-structured interviews with communications staff members. We show how visual choices invoke divisions between posts’ refugee subjects and their intended audiences, while rendering some refugees legible and particularly worthy of protection or empathy. These choices include using stereotypical elements, obscuring identifiable people, and explicitly attributing quotations to refugees. We also identify “takeover” posts where refugees had controlled organizations’ social media accounts. Our study contributes understanding of how symbolic bordering occurs visually online and has implications for humanitarian communications practice

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EXCITIVITY TEST OF SINTRONG LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (Crassocephalum crepidiodes) ON MALE WHITE MICE

Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) merupakan kelompok tanaman dengan batang lunak yang dipercaya bisa mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, seperti gangguan pencernaan, sakit kepala, sakit perut, mengobati luka, antelmetik, antiinflamasi, antidiabetes, dan antimalaria. Daun sintrong mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas sebagai antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas antiiinflmasi ekstrak etanol daun sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidiodes) terhadap mencit putih jantan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu Natrium Diklofenak, kontrol negatif Na-Cmc 0,5 %, dan EEDS dosis 100, 200 dan 300 mg/kgBB. Data hasil penelitian dihitung persen radang dan persen inhibisi radang. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan metode Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa EEDS 300 mg/kgBB memiliki inhibisi radang paling besar dibanding ekstrak 100 dan 200 mg/kgBB. Hasil uji one way Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan (P>0,05)   antar kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji Duncan menunjukkan kelompok yang memberikan efektivitas antiinflamasi terbaik adalah kontrol positif dan EEDS 300 mg/kgBB

TEST OF THE INHIBITOR EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMBINATION OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF LEMON LEAVES (Cymbopogon citratus) AND GREEN BETEL LEAF (Piper betle L.) AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus BACTERIA

The discovery of natural substances has the potential for applications in the development of pharmaceuticals or natural alternatives to combat bacterial infections. Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) and lemongrass stems (Cymbopogon citratus) may aid in treating infections due to their specific strength in bacteria eradication. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the pathogenic bacteria types that can cause serious infections and skin disorders under conducive conditions, such as acne and boils. The aim of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity using the maceration and disk diffusion methods on lemongrass stem and green betel leaf extracts against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The research conducted is qualitative in nature and aims to assess the inhibitory effect of the combination of ethanol extracts from lemongrass and green betel leaves at various concentrations on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Different concentrations of green betel leaf and lemongrass stem extracts were also tested to determine the most effective concentration in inhibiting bacterial growth. The results demonstrate that specific concentrations of green betel leaf and lemongrass stem extracts have a stronger antibacterial effect compared to other concentrations. The combination of ethanol extracts from lemongrass stems and green betel leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the paper disk method, with inhibition zone diameters observed for each extract concentration and the positive control Ciprofloxacin, which had a diameter of 25.92 mm. The best concentration formula for the combination of lemongrass stem (Cymbopogon citratus) and green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) ethanol extracts is at 15% concentration, resulting in an average diameter of 18.90 mm. Keywords: Antibacterial, Piper betle L., Cymbopogon citratus, Staphylococcus aureu

Socialization of The Effectiveness Test of Antifungi Formulation of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) Ethanol Extract Mouth on The Growth of Candida Albicans

Garlic plants (Allium sativum L.) can be found in almost all parts of Indonesia, including in Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang. The content contained in the ethanol extract of garlic has various secondary metabolites with a role as an antifungal, namely tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. As utilization and information to the public that garlic ethanol extract is made into mouthwash formulations. This article reports on outreach activities to the people of Lubuk Pakam, to be precise in Lubuk Pakam Pekan sub-district about the potential use of natural garlic mouthwash formulations. Testing the antifungal activity of mouthwash preparations was produced by showing the average diameter of inhibition in the form of F1 (12.3 mm), F2 (17.3 mm), F3 (18.5 mm) and F4 (21.6 mm). This means that the higher the concentration, the better the inhibition of garlic ethanol extract in inhibiting fungal growth

Seminar on Implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards During the Covid-19 Pandemic at Granmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital at 2020

Pharmacist pharmaceutical services for patients related to pharmaceutical preparations in order to improve the quality of pharmaceutical services in hospitals, the implementation of the Minister of Health Regulation no. 72 of 2016 concerning pharmaceutical service standards at Grandmed Hospitals with patient satisfaction during the Covid 19 2021 pandemic. Hospital pharmacy services involve pharmacists in order to supervise and control all activities related to healing treatment of sufferers in the aim of practicing patient safety standards which include Pharmaceutical supplies management activities starting from demand planning to controlling pharmaceutical supplies as well as clinical pharmacy service activities that are oriented towards reducing the risk of drug use errors in hospitals. This type of design was made by collecting data from 59 visiting patients at a certain point in time. Location at GrandMed Hospital Lubuk Pakam. The data obtained were compared with existing standards in the literature and analyzed using the chi-square test. It is known that out of 25 people (42.4%) respondents stated that clinical pharmacy services were not good. Of the 34 people (57.6%) respondents who stated that clinical pharmacy services were good for each employee, they had been given an understanding regarding clinical pharmacy services which had been socialized every morning briefing to maximize serving patients so that patients were satisfied with the services at Grandmed Hospital. This study can be concluded that the implementation of pmk no. 72 of 2016 there is a relationship between clinical pharmacy services and patient satisfaction during the Covid 19 pandemic at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital in 2021 (pvalue = 0.007)

Growth, Viability, and Death of Planktonic and Biofilm Sphingomonas desiccabilis in Simulated Martian Brines

This research was supported by the UK Science Technology and Facilities Council under Grant ST/M001261/1.Aqueous solutions on Mars are theorized to contain very different ion compositions than those on Earth. To determine the effect of such solutions on typical environmental micro-organisms, which could be released from robotic spacecraft or human exploration activity, we investigated the resistance of Sphingomonas desiccabilis to brines that simulate the composition of martian aqueous environments. S. desiccabilis is a desiccation-resistant, biofilm-forming microbe found in desert crusts. The viability of cells in both planktonic and biofilm forms was measured after exposure to simulated martian brines. Planktonic cells showed a loss of viability over the course of several hours in almost all of the seven brines tested. Biofilms conferred greater resistance to all the brines, including those with low water activity and pH, but even cells in biofilms showed a complete loss of viability in <6 h in the harsher brines and in <2 days in the less harsh brines. One brine, however, allowed the microbes to maintain viability over several days, despite having a water activity and pH lower and ionic strength higher than brines that reduced viability over the same timescales, suggesting important ion-specific effects. These data show that biofilm-forming cells have a greater capacity to resist martian aqueous extremes, but that evaporative or deliquescent brines are likely to be destructive to many organisms over relatively short timescales, with implications for the habitability of Mars and for micro-organisms dispersed by robotic or human explorers.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

An optical fiber double scrambler and mechanical agitator system for the Keck planet finder spectrograph

We present the design and test results of a double-scrambler and fiber agitator system for the Keck Planet Finder (KPF) spectrograph. The mechanical agitator for modal noise suppression is constructed from two linear stages with the fibers mounted in a “W” curve. When driven back-and-forth at different rates, the stages change the position of the fiber curves, and hence vary the modes propagating through the fiber. Near-field temporal centroid shifts caused by modal-noise are reduced by a factor of 100 by the agitator, while mid-range spatial frequencies have reduced power by a factor of ∼300 in the near-field, and ∼1000 in the far-field. The scrambling system incorporates two octagonal fibers, and a scrambler consisting of two identical cemented lenses ∼20 cm apart, which exchanges the optical near- and far-fields of the fibers. The scrambler shows scrambling gains >16,000 in the near-field, and >40,000 in the far-field. The measured throughput efficiency of 99.3% of the expected maximum demonstrates that scrambler-induced focal ratio degradation (FRD) is minimal. The scrambler also serves as the feed-through into the vacuum chamber where the spectrograph is housed, thereby removing concerns about stressing the fibers, and introducing FRD, at this interface. Our illumination stabilization system, consisting of two octagonal fibers, a two lens scrambler, and a mechanical agitator, produces very homogeneous fiber output in both the near and far-fields. When coupled to the Keck Planet Finder spectrograph, this system provides illumination stability corresponding to a velocity of 0.30 m s^(−1)

An optical fiber double scrambler and mechanical agitator system for the Keck planet finder spectrograph

We present the design and test results of a double-scrambler and fiber agitator system for the Keck Planet Finder (KPF) spectrograph. The mechanical agitator for modal noise suppression is constructed from two linear stages with the fibers mounted in a “W” curve. When driven back-and-forth at different rates, the stages change the position of the fiber curves, and hence vary the modes propagating through the fiber. Near-field temporal centroid shifts caused by modal-noise are reduced by a factor of 100 by the agitator, while mid-range spatial frequencies have reduced power by a factor of ∼300 in the near-field, and ∼1000 in the far-field. The scrambling system incorporates two octagonal fibers, and a scrambler consisting of two identical cemented lenses ∼20 cm apart, which exchanges the optical near- and far-fields of the fibers. The scrambler shows scrambling gains >16,000 in the near-field, and >40,000 in the far-field. The measured throughput efficiency of 99.3% of the expected maximum demonstrates that scrambler-induced focal ratio degradation (FRD) is minimal. The scrambler also serves as the feed-through into the vacuum chamber where the spectrograph is housed, thereby removing concerns about stressing the fibers, and introducing FRD, at this interface. Our illumination stabilization system, consisting of two octagonal fibers, a two lens scrambler, and a mechanical agitator, produces very homogeneous fiber output in both the near and far-fields. When coupled to the Keck Planet Finder spectrograph, this system provides illumination stability corresponding to a velocity of 0.30 m s^(−1)

Facile access to a heterocyclic, sp3-rich chemical scaffold via a tandem condensation/intramolecular nitrone–alkene [3+2] cycloaddition strategy

A heterocyclic, sp3-rich chemical scaffold was synthesised in just 6 steps via a highly regio- and diastereo-selective tandem nitrone formation/intramolecular nitrone–alkene [3+2] cycloaddition reaction. A library of 543 lead-like compounds based on the scaffold core has been produced

Is it time for biocatalysis in fragment-based drug discovery?

From Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2020-10-01, epub 2020-10-07Publication status: PublishedFunder: European Research Council; Grant(s): 742987Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Grant(s): EP/S01778X/1The use of biocatalysts for fragment-based drug discovery has yet to be fully investigated, despite the promise enzymes hold for the synthesis of poly-functional, non-protected small molecules. Here we analyze products of the biocatalysis literature to demonstrate the potential for not only fragment generation, but also the enzyme-mediated elaboration of these fragments. Our analysis demonstrates that biocatalytic products can readily populate 3D chemical space, offering diverse catalytic approaches to help generate new, bioactive molecules