Detection of Free Radicals From the Reactions of Ozone With Olefins and From Cigarette Smoke by Electron Spin Resonance Techniques.

A novel technique is presented that allows detection of free radicals from ozone-olefin reactions for the first time. Olefins are ozonated at -78(DEGREES)C, the unreacted ozone removed, the spin trap added, and the solution warmed. The radicals spin trapped indicate that trioxygenated intermediates are produced that decompose to radicals on warming. Ozonation of cyclic acetals by this procedure yields acyl hydrotrioxides that decompose on warming to produce hydroperoxyl radicals, HOO(.). Alkoxyl radicals are spin trapped when mainstream cigarette smoke is bubbled through PBN solutions while acyloxyl radicals are spin trapped friom sidestream smoke. Stable radicals detected in cigarette tar are found by a combination of fractionation and ESR to be similar to the animal pigment, melanin

Symbol and Structure in Heraclitus

Prier reviews the interpretations of Heraclitus by Guthrie and Hegel in terms of a scientific viewpoint and an idealist viewpoint. Prier follows a suggestion by Cherniss to examine the fragments in symbolic and structural terms

Chemomimetic Biocatalysis: Exploiting the Synthetic Potential of Cofactor-Dependent Enzymes To Create New Catalysts

Despite the astonishing breadth of enzymes in nature, no enzymes are known for many of the valuable catalytic transformations discovered by chemists. Recent work in enzyme design and evolution, however, gives us good reason to think that this will change. We describe a chemomimetic biocatalysis approach that draws from small-molecule catalysis and synthetic chemistry, enzymology, and molecular evolution to discover or create enzymes with non-natural reactivities. We illustrate how cofactor-dependent enzymes can be exploited to promote reactions first established with related chemical catalysts. The cofactors can be biological, or they can be non-biological to further expand catalytic possibilities. The ability of enzymes to amplify and precisely control the reactivity of their cofactors together with the ability to optimize non-natural reactivity by directed evolution promises to yield exceptional catalysts for challenging transformations that have no biological counterparts

From Exceptional to Expelled: Exploring the Psychological Types of Exceptionally Bright but Academically ‘At-Risk’ University Learners

This research identifies characteristics of exceptionally bright but academically ‘at-risk’ university learners using Jung’s Theory of Psychological Type (1921). This theory is examined in relation to academic success rates in a southwestern Ontario university. This case study highlights students whose secondary school averages were above 85% when they entered university, but were required to withdraw from the university after their first year. Quantitative data including MBTI self-assessment results and end of term grades were collected from 420 students. Qualitative data were collected from nine semi-structured interviews with instructors and advisors who worked with these students. A mixed methods approach and transformative research design inform the data collection and analysis process. Quantitative results highlight patterns in student characteristics based on Jung’s Theory of Psychological Type

Childhood stress

Stress has been recognized as a major source of potential physiological, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems in both adults and children (Forman & O\u27Malley, 1984). Selye (1956) has pointed out that a certain amount of stress is an inevitable part of living, but excessive stress can have damaging consequences. It calls forth emotional reactions and can lead to marked changes in attitude and behavior. Selye (1974) has defined stress as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. (p. 27) These demands which he labeled stressors may arise from either pleasant or unpleasant stimuli or situations. Almost anything can become a stressor, providing it is of sufficient duration, frequency, or intensity. Thus, any major change can lead to stress, which is essentially the disruption of homeostasis or balance within the body (Barrow & Prosen, 1981)

Pidato Pengukuhan Doctor Honoris Causa Karl-Edmund Prier "Hidup Untuk Musik"

Saya belajar bahasa Jawa di Ungaran. Pertengahan tahun 1984 saya lanjutkan di Wonosari. Di situ saya berkenalan dengan orkes gamelan. Di rumah dekat pastoran kelompok orang yang setiap sore latihan gamelan. Saya tertarik untuk nonton saja. Tahu-tahu saya diajak untuk ikut belajar menabuh saron dan ikut main. Suatu pengalaman yang serba baru bagi saya. Karena musik ini total berlainan dengan musik Eropa: Tidak ada dirigen yang mengatur awal dan akhir lagu, tempo dan perubahan tempo seperti lazim dalam ensemble yang saya alami di Jerman. Tidak ada partitur untuk lagu yang dimainkan oleh sekitar 12 penabuh, tetapi hanya angka-angka yang menjadi dasar untuk pola permainan pada masing-masing alat. Tangganada pelog dan slendro sungguh asing dalam telinga saya yang sampai saat itu disetel untuk mendengar akor-akor berdasarkan ilmu harmoni. Meski demikian saya ikut main tanpa memperhatikan kode dari gendang menjelang akhir lagu sehingga saya main terus dan ditertawakan oleh pemain lainnya. Bagaimana kisah hidup seorang Karl-Edmund Prie