Determinantes de la morbi-mortalidad por enfermedad diarreica de los menores de cinco años que acuden a los hospitales infantiles de Managua

Expone los factores socioeconómicos y de atención médica que influyen en la morbi-mortalidad por diarrea en los menores de cinco ańos que asistieron a los hospitales infantiles "Fernando Vélez Paíz" y "Manuel de Jesús Rivera" de Managua, fallecidos durante 1985 y los ingresados en abril de 1986. De los pacientes fallecidos se revisaron 232 expedientes clínicos, con una muestra de 170, de los cuales, 120 eran del Hospital Vélez Paíz, y 50 del Hospital Manuel de Jesús Rivera, implicando una letalidad hospitalaria de 9.5 porciento y 3.5 porciento respectivamente. El 84 porciento eran menores de un ańo, teniendo el 78 porciento atención previa y el 34 porciento era reingreso. Sólo el 15 porciento tuvo lactancia materna durante los tres primeros meses de vida y al morir el 60 porciento tenían las inmunizaciones incompletas, menos del 20 porciento contaba con vivienda, agua e instalaciones sanitarias aceptables. De los ingresados durante abril de 1986 se estudiaron 410 pacientes captados de las distintas salas donde fueron atendidos, siendo el 80 porciento menores de 5 meses, el 37 porciento no reunía condiciones higiénico-sanitaria proviniendo el 22 porciento de asentamientos. Se detecta la educación popular para la prevención y tratamiento de la diarrea; revisión de los servicios y del sistema de referencia y contrarreferencia, como la difusión, implementación y control de normas de tratamiento y de vigilanci

Temporomandibular disorders in children and its relation to artificial lactation with bottle-feeding

Objetivo. Establecer la relación de los trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) de niños de 8 a 10 años, con lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón. Métodos. Estudio de casos y controles, (pareados por edad y sexo). Se incluyeron 38 niños, sin alteraciones del crecimiento ni parafunciones bucales severas, previo consentimiento (madres) y asentimiento (niños) informado. Los participantes fueron diagnosticados con TTM (19 casos) o sin diagnóstico de TTM (19 controles) utilizando los criterios diagnósticos para los TTM (CD/TTM), previa estandarización de la investigadora; kappa inter 0,98 e intraobservador 0,73. Los antecedentes de lactancia fueron registrados con cuestionario ex profeso: tipo y tiempo de administración y datos generales del niño y la madre. Se calculó estadística descriptiva e inferencial; Ji cuadrada para identificar la asociación entre TTM y lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón, y razón de posibilidades (OR), con valor significativo ≤0,05. Resultados. Edad 8,95±0,84 años, 57,9% sexo masculino, sin diferencias por grupos en la edad y escolaridad de las madres (p>0,05). El tipo de TTM más común fue dolor muscular (57,9%), seguido de luxación del disco con reducción y su combinación (21,1%). La media de apertura bucal, sitios musculares y articulares doloridos fue estadísticamente diferente entre los casos y controles (p<0,05). El porcentaje de alimentación con lactancia artificial exclusiva con uso del biberón fue igual en ambos grupos (57,9% p=1,00), el OR calculado fue de 1 con IC95% de 0,27-3,60. Conclusión. No se encontró relación entre la lactancia artificial con el uso del biberón y los TTM. El tipo de TTM más frecuente fue dolor muscular.Objective. To establish the relationship of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children aged 8 to 10 years, with exclusive artificial feeding. Methods. Case-control study (matched by age and sex). 38 children were included, without growth disturbances or severe oral parafunctions, with prior informed consent (mothers) and assent (children). Participants were diagnosed with TMD (19 cases) or without TMD diagnosis (19 controls) using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (CD / TMD), after standardization by the researcher; kappa inter 0.98 and intraobserver 0.73. The history of breastfeeding was recorded with an express questionnaire: type and time of administration, and general data of the child and the mother. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated; Chi square analysis was performed to identify the association between TMD and exclusive artificial feeding, and odds ratio (OR), with a significant value of ≤0.05. Results. Age 8.95 ± 0.84 years, 57.9% male, with no differences in age or education of the mother between groups (p> 0,05). The most common type of TMD was muscle pain (57.9%), followed by disc luxation with reduction and combination (21.1%). The mean mouth opening, muscle and joint pain sites were statistically different between cases and controls (p <0.05). The percentage of exclusive artificial feeding was the same in both groups (57.9% p = 1.00), the calculated OR was 1 with a 95% CI of 0.27-3.60. Conclusions. Artificial feeding with the use of a bottle was not related to TMD. The most common type of TMD was muscle pain

National prevalence and trends of HIV transmitted drug resistance

Abstract Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains an important concern for the management of HIV infection, especially in countries that have recently scaled-up antiretroviral treatment (ART) access

National Prevalence and Trends of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Mexico

BACKGROUND: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains an important concern for the management of HIV infection, especially in countries that have recently scaled-up antiretroviral treatment (ART) access. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We designed a study to assess HIV diversity and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) prevalence and trends in Mexico. 1655 ART-naïve patients from 12 Mexican states were enrolled from 2005 to 2010. TDR was assessed from plasma HIV pol sequences using Stanford scores and the WHO TDR surveillance mutation list. TDR prevalence fluctuations over back-projected dates of infection were tested. HIV subtype B was highly prevalent in Mexico (99.9%). TDR prevalence (Stanford score>15) in the country for the study period was 7.4% (95% CI, 6.2∶8.8) and 6.8% (95% CI, 5.7∶8.2) based on the WHO TDR surveillance mutation list. NRTI TDR was the highest (4.2%), followed by NNRTI (2.5%) and PI (1.7%) TDR. Increasing trends for NNRTI (p = 0.0456) and PI (p = 0.0061) major TDR mutations were observed at the national level. Clustering of viruses containing minor TDR mutations was observed with some apparent transmission pairs and geographical effects. CONCLUSIONS: TDR prevalence in Mexico remains at the intermediate level and is slightly lower than that observed in industrialized countries. Whether regional variations in TDR trends are associated with differences in antiretroviral drug usage/ART efficacy or with local features of viral evolution remains to be further addressed

Taking the pulse of Earth's tropical forests using networks of highly distributed plots

Tropical forests are the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. While better understanding of these forests is critical for our collective future, until quite recently efforts to measure and monitor them have been largely disconnected. Networking is essential to discover the answers to questions that transcend borders and the horizons of funding agencies. Here we show how a global community is responding to the challenges of tropical ecosystem research with diverse teams measuring forests tree-by-tree in thousands of long-term plots. We review the major scientific discoveries of this work and show how this process is changing tropical forest science. Our core approach involves linking long-term grassroots initiatives with standardized protocols and data management to generate robust scaled-up results. By connecting tropical researchers and elevating their status, our Social Research Network model recognises the key role of the data originator in scientific discovery. Conceived in 1999 with RAINFOR (South America), our permanent plot networks have been adapted to Africa (AfriTRON) and Southeast Asia (T-FORCES) and widely emulated worldwide. Now these multiple initiatives are integrated via ForestPlots.net cyber-infrastructure, linking colleagues from 54 countries across 24 plot networks. Collectively these are transforming understanding of tropical forests and their biospheric role. Together we have discovered how, where and why forest carbon and biodiversity are responding to climate change, and how they feedback on it. This long-term pan-tropical collaboration has revealed a large long-term carbon sink and its trends, as well as making clear which drivers are most important, which forest processes are affected, where they are changing, what the lags are, and the likely future responses of tropical forests as the climate continues to change. By leveraging a remarkably old technology, plot networks are sparking a very modern revolution in tropical forest science. In the future, humanity can benefit greatly by nurturing the grassroots communities now collectively capable of generating unique, long-term understanding of Earth's most precious forests.Additional co-authors: Susan Laurance, William Laurance, Francoise Yoko Ishida, Andrew Marshall, Catherine Waite, Hannsjoerg Woell, Jean-Francois Bastin, Marijn Bauters, Hans Beeckman, Pfascal Boeckx, Jan Bogaert, Charles De Canniere, Thales de Haulleville, Jean-Louis Doucet, Olivier Hardy, Wannes Hubau, Elizabeth Kearsley, Hans Verbeeck, Jason Vleminckx, Steven W. Brewer, Alfredo Alarcón, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Eric Arets, Luzmila Arroyo, Ezequiel Chavez, Todd Fredericksen, René Guillén Villaroel, Gloria Gutierrez Sibauty, Timothy Killeen, Juan Carlos Licona, John Lleigue, Casimiro Mendoza, Samaria Murakami, Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Guido Pardo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Lourens Poorter, Marisol Toledo, Jeanneth Villalobos Cayo, Laura Jessica Viscarra, Vincent Vos, Jorge Ahumada, Everton Almeida, Jarcilene Almeida, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Wesley Alves da Cruz, Atila Alves de Oliveira, Fabrício Alvim Carvalho, Flávio Amorim Obermuller, Ana Andrade, Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Ana Carla Aquino, Luiz Aragão, Ana Claudia Araújo, Marco Antonio Assis, Jose Ataliba Mantelli Aboin Gomes, Fabrício Baccaro, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Paulo Barni, Jorcely Barroso, Luis Carlos Bernacci, Kauane Bordin, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Igor Broggio, José Luís Camargo, Domingos Cardoso, Maria Antonia Carniello, Andre Luis Casarin Rochelle, Carolina Castilho, Antonio Alberto Jorge Farias Castro, Wendeson Castro, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Flávia Costa, Rodrigo Costa de Oliveira, Italo Coutinho, John Cunha, Lola da Costa, Lucia da Costa Ferreira, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Marta da Graça Zacarias Simbine, Vitor de Andrade Kamimura, Haroldo Cavalcante de Lima, Lia de Oliveira Melo, Luciano de Queiroz, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, Mário do Espírito Santo, Tomas Domingues, Nayane Cristina dos Santos Prestes, Steffan Eduardo Silva Carneiro, Fernando Elias, Gabriel Eliseu, Thaise Emilio, Camila Laís Farrapo, Letícia Fernandes, Gustavo Ferreira, Joice Ferreira, Leandro Ferreira, Socorro Ferreira, Marcelo Fragomeni Simon, Maria Aparecida Freitas, Queila S. García, Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, Paulo Graça, Frederico Guilherme, Eduardo Hase, Niro Higuchi, Mariana Iguatemy, Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa, Margarita Jaramillo, Carlos Joly, Joice Klipel, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Carolina Levis, Antonio S. Lima, Maurício Lima Dan, Aline Lopes, Herison Madeiros, William E. Magnusson, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Beatriz Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, Roberta Marotti Martelletti Grillo, Luiz Martinelli, Simone Matias Reis, Salomão Medeiros, Milton Meira-Junior, Thiago Metzker, Paulo Morandi, Natanael Moreira do Nascimento, Magna Moura, Sandra Cristina Müller, Laszlo Nagy, Henrique Nascimento, Marcelo Nascimento, Adriano Nogueira Lima, Raimunda Oliveira de Araújo, Jhonathan Oliveira Silva, Marcelo Pansonato, Gabriel Pavan Sabino, Karla Maria Pedra de Abreu, Pablo José Francisco Pena Rodrigues, Maria Piedade, Domingos Rodrigues, José Roberto Rodrigues Pinto, Carlos Quesada, Eliana Ramos, Rafael Ramos, Priscyla Rodrigues, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Rafael Salomão, Flávia Santana, Marcos Scaranello, Rodrigo Scarton Bergamin, Juliana Schietti, Jochen Schöngart, Gustavo Schwartz, Natalino Silva, Marcos Silveira, Cristiana Simão Seixas, Marta Simbine, Ana Claudia Souza, Priscila Souza, Rodolfo Souza, Tereza Sposito, Edson Stefani Junior, Julio Daniel do Vale, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Dora Villela, Marcos Vital, Haron Xaud, Katia Zanini, Charles Eugene Zartman, Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris, Faizah binti Hj Metali, Kamariah Abu Salim, Muhd Shahruney Saparudin, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Serge Begne, George Chuyong, Marie Noel Djuikouo, Christelle Gonmadje, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Hermann Taedoumg, Lise Zemagho, Sean Thomas, Fidèle Baya, Gustavo Saiz, Javier Silva Espejo, Dexiang Chen, Alan Hamilton, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Shukui Niu, Han Xu, Zhang Zhou, Esteban Álvarez-Dávila, Juan Carlos Andrés Escobar, Henry Arellano-Peña, Jaime Cabezas Duarte, Jhon Calderón, Lina Maria Corrales Bravo, Borish Cuadrado, Hermes Cuadros, Alvaro Duque, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Sandra Milena Espinosa, Rebeca Franke-Ante, Hernando García, Alejandro Gómez, Roy González-M., Álvaro Idárraga-Piedrahíta, Eliana Jimenez, Rubén Jurado, Wilmar López Oviedo, René López-Camacho, Omar Aurelio Melo Cruz, Irina Mendoza Polo, Edwin Paky, Karen Pérez, Angel Pijachi, Camila Pizano, Adriana Prieto, Laura Ramos, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, James Richardson, Elkin Rodríguez, Gina M. Rodriguez M., Agustín Rudas, Pablo Stevenson, Markéta Chudomelová, Martin Dancak, Radim Hédl, Stanislav Lhota, Martin Svatek, Jacques Mukinzi, Corneille Ewango, Terese Hart, Emmanuel Kasongo Yakusu, Janvier Lisingo, Jean-Remy Makana, Faustin Mbayu, Benjamin Toirambe, John Tshibamba Mukendi, Lars Kvist, Gustav Nebel, Selene Báez, Carlos Céron, Daniel M. Griffith, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, David Neill, Walter Palacios, Maria Cristina Peñuela-Mora, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Gorky Villa, Sheleme Demissie, Tadesse Gole, Techane Gonfa, Kalle Ruokolainen, Michel Baisie, Fabrice Bénédet, Wemo Betian, Vincent Bezard, Damien Bonal, Jerôme Chave, Vincent Droissart, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Annette Hladik, Nicolas Labrière, Pétrus Naisso, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Plinio Sist, Lilian Blanc, Benoit Burban, Géraldine Derroire, Aurélie Dourdain, Clement Stahl, Natacha Nssi Bengone, Eric Chezeaux, Fidèle Evouna Ondo, Vincent Medjibe, Vianet Mihindou, Lee White, Heike Culmsee, Cristabel Durán Rangel, Viviana Horna, Florian Wittmann, Stephen Adu-Bredu, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Ernest Foli, Michael Balinga, Anand Roopsind, James Singh, Raquel Thomas, Roderick Zagt, Indu K. Murthy, Kuswata Kartawinata, Edi Mirmanto, Hari Priyadi, Ismayadi Samsoedin, Terry Sunderland, Ishak Yassir, Francesco Rovero, Barbara Vinceti, Bruno Hérault, Shin-Ichiro Aiba, Kanehiro Kitayama, Armandu Daniels, Darlington Tuagben, John T. Woods, Muhammad Fitriadi, Alexander Karolus, Kho Lip Khoon, Noreen Majalap, Colin Maycock, Reuben Nilus, Sylvester Tan, Almeida Sitoe, Indiana Coronado G., Lucas Ojo, Rafael de Assis, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Douglas Sheil, Karen Arévalo Pezo, Hans Buttgenbach Verde, Victor Chama Moscoso, Jimmy Cesar Cordova Oroche, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Jano de Rutte Corzo, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Luis Freitas, Darcy Galiano Cabrera, Roosevelt García Villacorta, Karina Garcia Cabrera, Diego García Soria, Leticia Gatica Saboya, Julio Miguel Grandez Rios, Gabriel Hidalgo Pizango, Eurídice Honorio Coronado, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Yuri Tomas Huillca Aedo, Jose Luis Marcelo Peña, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Vanesa Moreano Rodriguez, Percy Núñez Vargas, Sonia Cesarina Palacios Ramos, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Antonio Peña Cruz, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, José Reyna Huaymacari, Carlos Reynel Rodriguez, Marcos Antonio Ríos Paredes, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Rocio del Pilar Rojas Gonzales, Maria Elena Rojas Peña, Norma Salinas Revilla, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Raul Tupayachi Trujillo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Rodolfo Vasquez Martinez, Jim Vega Arenas, Christian Amani, Suspense Averti Ifo, Yannick Bocko, Patrick Boundja, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Mireille Hockemba, Donatien Nzala, Alusine Fofanah, David Taylor, Guillermo Bañares-de Dios, Luis Cayuela, Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda, Manuel Macía, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Verginia Wortel, Toby Gardner, Robert Muscarella, Hari Priyadi, Ervan Rutishauser, Kuo-Jung Chao, Pantaleo Munishi, Olaf Bánki, Frans Bongers, Rene Boot, Gabriella Fredriksson, Jan Reitsma, Hans ter Steege, Tinde van Andel, Peter van de Meer, Peter van der Hout, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Bert van Ulft, Elmar Veenendaal, Ronald Vernimmen, Pieter Zuidema, Joeri Zwerts, Perpetra Akite, Robert Bitariho, Colin Chapman, Eilu Gerald, Miguel Leal, Patrick Mucunguzi, Miguel Alexiades, Timothy R. Baker, Karina Banda, Lindsay Banin, Jos Barlow, Amy Bennett, Erika Berenguer, Nicholas Berry, Neil M. Bird, George A. Blackburn, Francis Brearley, Roel Brienen, David Burslem, Lidiany Carvalho, Percival Cho, Fernanda Coelho, Murray Collins, David Coomes, Aida Cuni-Sanchez, Greta Dargie, Kyle Dexter, Mat Disney, Freddie Draper, Muying Duan, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Robert Ewers, Belen Fadrique, Sophie Fauset, Ted R. Feldpausch, Filipe França, David Galbraith, Martin Gilpin, Emanuel Gloor, John Grace, Keith Hamer, David Harris, Tommaso Jucker, Michelle Kalamandeen, Bente Klitgaard, Aurora Levesley, Simon L. Lewis, Jeremy Lindsell, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Jon Lovett, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Emma McIntosh, Karina Melgaço, William Milliken, Edward Mitchard, Peter Moonlight, Sam Moore, Alexandra Morel, Julie Peacock, Kelvin Peh, Colin Pendry, R. Toby Pennington, Luciana de Oliveira Pereira, Carlos Peres, Oliver L. Phillips, Georgia Pickavance, Thomas Pugh, Lan Qie, Terhi Riutta, Katherine Roucoux, Casey Ryan, Tiina Sarkinen, Camila Silva Valeria, Dominick Spracklen, Suzanne Stas, Martin Sullivan, Michael Swaine, Joey Talbot, James Taplin, Geertje van der Heijden, Laura Vedovato, Simon Willcock, Mathew Williams, Luciana Alves, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Gabriel Arellano, Cheryl Asa, Peter Ashton, Gregory Asner, Terry Brncic, Foster Brown, Robyn Burnham, Connie Clark, James Comiskey, Gabriel Damasco, Stuart Davies, Tony Di Fiore, Terry Erwin, William Farfan-Rios, Jefferson Hall, David Kenfack, Thomas Lovejoy, Roberta Martin, Olga Martha Montiel, John Pipoly, Nigel Pitman, John Poulsen, Richard Primack, Miles Silman, Marc Steininger, Varun Swamy, John Terborgh, Duncan Thomas, Peter Umunay, Maria Uriarte, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth Young, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Lionel Hernández, Rafael Herrera Fernández, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Pedro Salcedo, Elio Sanoja, Julio Serrano, Armando Torres-Lezama, Tinh Cong Le, Trai Trong Le, Hieu Dang Tra

Evaluación de la susceptibilidad y autoeficacia ante el VIH/sida en profesionales de Estomatología

Introduction: HIV/AIDS is one of the diseases that has had the greatest social impact and affects millions of people.Objective: to identify the susceptibility and self-efficacy of the health professionals of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Benemérita Autonomous University of Puebla (FEBUAP) against the HIV / AIDS virus.Method: it was a descriptive observational study. 250 students and 50 FEBUAP teachers were included, with prior voluntary acceptance and signed informed consent, selected by means of a convenience sample. The HIV/AIDS-65 scale was applied, an instrument with proven validity and reliability for the evaluation of the subscales of the instrument (Cronbach alpha 0.79), proposed by Paniagua in 1998 and adapted to Spanish by Bermúdez, Buela-Casal & Uribe in 2005.Results: with respect to self-efficacy, the students demonstrated superiority. In the susceptibility, the belief of the possibility of contracting the virus was higher in teachers (64% vs. 48%). The belief that only homosexuals should worry about contagion was higher in teachers (92%). We found a higher self-efficacy in students and a better susceptibility in teachers.Conclusions: it is necessary to strengthen strategies that reinforce concepts and behaviors against HIV / AIDS.Introdução: O HIV/AIDS é uma das doenças que mais impactou socialmente e afeta milhões de pessoas.Objetivo: identificar a suscetibilidade e autoeficácia dos profissionais de saúde da Faculdade de Estomatologia da Universidade Autônoma de Benemérita de Puebla (FEBUAP) contra o vírus HIV/AIDS.Método: foi um estudo observacional descritivo. Foram incluídos 250 alunos e 50 professores da FEBUAP, com prévia aceitação voluntária e termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, selecionados por meio de amostra de conveniência. escala VIH/SIDA-65 foi aplicado, e instrumento válido para avaliar a fiabilidade comprovada das subescalas do instrumento (alfa Cronbach 0,79), proposto pela Paniagua em 1998 e adaptadas para o espanhol por Bermudez, Buela-Casal & Uribe em 2005.Resultados: com relação à autoeficácia, os estudantes demonstraram superioridade. Na suscetibilidade, a crença na possibilidade de contrair o vírus foi maior nos professores (64% vs. 48%). A crença de que apenas os homossexuais deveriam se preocupar com o contágio era maior nos professores (92%). Encontramos uma maior autoeficácia nos alunos e uma melhor susceptibilidade nos professores.Conclusões: é necessário fortalecer estratégias que reforcem conceitos e comportamentos contra o HIV/AIDS.Introducción: el VIH/sida es una de las enfermedades que mayor repercusión social ha tenido y afecta a millones de personas.Objetivo: identificar la susceptibilidad y la autoeficacia de los profesionales de la salud de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (FEBUAP) frente al  virus VIH/sida.Método: se trató de un estudio observacional descriptivo. Se incluyeron 250 alumnos y 50 docentes de la FEBUAP, con previa aceptación voluntaria y firma de consentimiento informado, seleccionados mediante una muestra por conveniencia. Se aplicó la Escala VIH/SIDA-65, instrumento con validez y confiabilidad demostrada para la evaluación de las subescalas del instrumento (alfa de Cronbach 0,79), propuesta por Paniagua en 1998 y adaptada al español por Bermúdez, Buela-Casal & Uribe en 2005.Resultados: con respecto a la autoeficacia, los alumnos demostraron superioridad. En la susceptibilidad, la creencia de la posibilidad de contraer el virus fue mayor en docentes (64 % vs. 48 %). La creencia de que solo homosexuales debieran preocuparse por el contagio fue mayor en docentes (92 %). Se encontró una autoeficacia mayor en alumnos y una mejor susceptibilidad en docentes.Conclusiones: es necesario fortalecer estrategias que refuercen conceptos y comportamientos frente al VIH/sid

Accurate and inaccurate HIV transmission beliefs, stigmatizing and HIV protection motivation in northern Thailand

We assessed the relation between accurate beliefs about HIV transmission and inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission and emotional reactions to people with AIDS (PWA) and AIDS risk groups, stigmatizing attitudes and motivation to protect from HIV. In Chiang Rai, northern Thailand, 219 respondents filled in a structured questionnaire assessing accurate and inaccurate HIV transmission beliefs, emotional reactions towards PWA and AIDS risk groups, stigmatizing attitudes and motivation to protect from HIV according to variables from Protection Motivation Theory. Complete accurate beliefs about documented modes of HIV transmission were present in 47% of the respondents, while 26% of the respondents held one or more inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission. Incomplete beliefs about documented modes of transmission were significantly related to stigmatizing beliefs towards people with AIDS (PWA), to lower vulnerability of HIV infection and lower selfefficacy in protection. Those who held inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission reported more fear towards PWA and homosexuals and more irritation towards PWA and commercial sex workers. Persons who held inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission also reported more stigmatizing attitudes, perceived AIDS as less severe, perceived a lower vulnerability and were less motivated to use condoms. Results of this study suggest that inaccurate beliefs about HIV transmission are related to fear and stigmatizing and undermine HIV prevention behaviour

Raíces comunes e historias compartidas : México, Centroamérica y el Caribe

Situado en la ruta del pensamiento latinoamericano crítico, reflexivo y dialogante con los universalismos occidentales, la colonialidad de poder, los afrosaberes y la sociohistoria de mujeres, hombres, jóvenes, músicos, poetas, políticos e intelectuales, este libro simboliza un esfuerzo por promover diálogos transfronterizos y transculturales sobre diversos asuntos concernientes a la realidad pasada, presente y futura de Centroamérica, el Caribe, México, desde una perspectiva de análisis regional y diferentes miradas analíticas y políticas. se trata de una apuesta intelectual por dirimir los profundos vínculos históricos, los comunes problemas estructurales y los desafíos de las agudas crisis económicas, políticas y sociales regionales, a partir de las dinámicas que redimensionan la configuración política de todo Mesoamérica