52 research outputs found
Revisiting internal gravity waves analysis using GPS RO density profiles: comparison with temperature profiles and application for wave field stability study
We revise selected findings regarding the utilization of Global
Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO) density profiles for
the analysis of internal gravity waves (IGW), introduced by
Sacha et al. (2014). Using various GPS RO datasets, we show that the
differences in the IGW spectra between the dry-temperature and
dry-density profiles that were described in the previous study as
a general issue are in fact present in one specific data version
only. The differences between perturbations in the temperature and
density GPS RO profiles do not have any physical origin, and there is
not the information loss of IGW activity that was suggested in
Sacha et al. (2014). We investigate the previously discussed question
of the temperature perturbations character when utilizing GPS RO
dry-temperature profiles, derived by integration of the hydrostatic
balance. Using radiosonde profiles as a proxy for GPS RO, we provide
strong evidence that the differences in IGW perturbations between
the real and retrieved temperature profiles (which are based on the
assumption of hydrostatic balance) include a significant
nonhydrostatic component that is present sporadically and might be
either positive or negative. The detected differences in related
spectra of IGW temperature perturbations are found to be mostly
about ±10â%. The paper also presents a detailed study on the utilization of GPS
RO density profiles for the characterization of the wave field
stability. We have analyzed selected stability parameters derived
from the density profiles together with a study of the vertical
rotation of the wind direction. Regarding the Northern Hemisphere
the results point to the western border of the Aleutian high, where
potential IGW breaking is detected. These findings are also
supported by an analysis of temperature and wind velocity
profiles. Our results confirm advantages of the utilization of the
density profiles for IGW analysis.GrantovĂĄ Agentura ÄeskĂ© Republiky | Ref. 16-01562JMinisterstvo Ć kolstvĂ, MlĂĄdeĆŸe a TÄlovĂœchovy | Ref. 7AMB16AT021OeAD-GmbH | Ref. CZ 06/2016Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciĂłn | Ref. CGL2015-71575-
An introductory overview of open-source and commercial software options for the analysis of forensic sequencing data
The top challenges of adopting new methods to forensic DNA analysis in routine laboratories are often the capital investment and the expertise required to implement and validate such methods locally. In the case of next-generation sequencing, in the last decade, several specifically forensic commercial options became available, offering reliable and validated solutions. Despite this, the readily available expertise to analyze, interpret and understand such data is still perceived to be lagging behind. This review gives an introductory overview for the forensic scientists who are at the beginning of their journey with implementing next-generation sequencing locally and because most in the field do not have a bioinformatics background may find it difficult to navigate the new terms and analysis options available. The currently available open-source and commercial software for forensic sequencing data analysis are summarized here to provide an accessible starting point for those fairly new to the forensic application of massively parallel sequencing
Increased collagen synthesis rate during wound healing in muscle
Wound healing in muscle involves the deposition of collagen, but it is not known whether this is achieved by changes in the synthesis or the degradation of collagen. We have used a reliable flooding dose method to measure collagen synthesis rate in vivo in rat abdominal muscle following a surgical incision. Collagen synthesis rate was increased by 480% and 860% on days 2 and 7 respectively after surgery in the wounded muscle compared with an undamaged area of the same muscle. Collagen content was increased by approximately 100% at both day 2 and day 7. These results demonstrate that collagen deposition during wound healing in muscle is achieved entirely by an increase in the rate of collagen synthesis
Subdividing Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 reveals Norse Viking dispersal lineages in Britain
The inïŹuence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We ïŹnd three speciïŹcally Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; starlike features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian inïŹuence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (â„10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are signiïŹcantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-speciïŹc contribution, or the inïŹuence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia
The resistance of intracellular mediators to doxorubicin and cisplatin are distinct in 3D and 2D endometrial cancer
Central nervous system inflammation induces muscle atrophy via activation of the hypothalamicâpituitaryâadrenal axis
Systemic and CNS-delimited inflammation triggers skeletal muscle catabolism in a manner dependent on glucocorticoid signaling
Full-Length L1CAM and Not Its Î2Î27 Splice Variant Promotes Metastasis through Induction of Gelatinase Expression
Tumour-specific splicing is known to contribute to cancer progression. In the case of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM), which is expressed in many human tumours and often linked to bad prognosis, alternative splicing results in a full-length form (FL-L1CAM) and a splice variant lacking exons 2 and 27 (SV-L1CAM). It has not been elucidated so far whether SV-L1CAM, classically considered as tumour-associated, or whether FL-L1CAM is the metastasis-promoting isoform. Here, we show that both variants were expressed in human ovarian carcinoma and that exposure of tumour cells to pro-metastatic factors led to an exclusive increase of FL-L1CAM expression. Selective overexpression of one isoform in different tumour cells revealed that only FL-L1CAM promoted experimental lung and/or liver metastasis in mice. In addition, metastasis formation upon up-regulation of FL-L1CAM correlated with increased invasive potential and elevated Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 expression and activity in vitro as well as enhanced gelatinolytic activity in vivo. In conclusion, we identified FL-L1CAM as the metastasis-promoting isoform, thereby exemplifying that high expression of a so-called tumour-associated variant, here SV-L1CAM, is not per se equivalent to a decisive role of this isoform in tumour progression
Identification of a small molecule with activity against drug-resistant and persistent tuberculosis
A cell-based phenotypic screen for inhibitors of biofilm formation in mycobacteria identified the small molecule TCA1, which has bactericidal activity against both drug-susceptible and -resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and sterilizes Mtb in vitro combined with rifampicin or isoniazid. In addition, TCA1 has bactericidal activity against nonreplicating Mtb in vitro and is efficacious in acute and chronic Mtb infection mouse models both alone and combined with rifampicin or isoniazid. Transcriptional analysis revealed that TCA1 down-regulates genes known to be involved in Mtb persistence. Genetic and affinity-based methods identified decaprenyl-phosphoryl-beta-D-ribofuranose oxidoreductase DprE1 and MoeW, enzymes involved in cell wall and molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis, respectively, as targets responsible for the activity of TCA1. These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that this compound functions by a unique mechanism and suggest that TCA1 may lead to the development of a class of antituberculosis agents
Modelling the impact of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound emissions on Formic Acid concentrations above Central Europe.
International audienceFormic acid (HCOOH) is among the most abundant carboxylic acids in the atmosphere however, its sources are poorly understood. Photochemical production is thought to be the dominant source of atmospheric HCOOH globally, contributing 60â80% of its total budget. Particularly, he OHâinitiated oxidation of isoprene produces HCOOH via several known pathways. Here we present a study of how BVOC emissions estimated by the MEGAN model contribute to HCOOH concentrations above central Europe for the 2021 year while the CAMx chemistry transport model was used to calculate the species concentrations. The CAMx produced HCOOH column densities are compared with IASI/AERIS columns while the modelled near surface isoprene concentrations are compared with AirBase data. Although, spatially there is a good agreement between the modeled and the observed values, their magnitude is underestimated in most cases indicating some missing source or underestimated production of formic acid
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