Efforts in Preparation for Jack Validation

This document presents a detailed record of the methodologies, assumptions, limitations, and references used in creating the human figure model in Jack, a program that displays and manipulates articulated geometric figures. This report reflects current efforts to develop and refine Jack software to enable its validation and verification as a tool for performing human engineering analysis. These efforts include human figure model improvements, statistical anthropometric data processing methods, enhanced human figure model construction and measuring methods, and automated accomodation analysis. This report discusses basic details of building human models, model anthropometry, scaling, Jack anthropometry-based human models, statistical data processing, figure generation tools, anthropometric errors, inverse dynamics, smooth skin implementation, guidelines used in estimating landmark locations on the model, and recommendations for validating and verifying the Jack human figure model

Anthropometry for Computer Graphics Human Figures

Anthropometry as it applies to Computer Graphics is examined in this report which documents the Anthropometry work done in the Computer Graphics Research Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania from 1986 to 1988. A detailed description of the basis for this work is given along with examples of the variability of computer graphics human figures resulting from this work. Also discussed is the unique and versatile user interface developed to allow easy manipulation of the data used to describe the anthropometric parameters required to define human figure models. The many appendices contain the specifics of our models as well as much of the data used to define the models

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration

Extensive experimental data from high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions were recorded using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The comprehensive set of measurements from the first three years of RHIC operation includes charged particle multiplicities, transverse energy, yield ratios and spectra of identified hadrons in a wide range of transverse momenta (p_T), elliptic flow, two-particle correlations, non-statistical fluctuations, and suppression of particle production at high p_T. The results are examined with an emphasis on implications for the formation of a new state of dense matter. We find that the state of matter created at RHIC cannot be described in terms of ordinary color neutral hadrons.Comment: 510 authors, 127 pages text, 56 figures, 1 tables, LaTeX. Submitted to Nuclear Physics A as a regular article; v3 has minor changes in response to referee comments. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm

Integrated genomic characterization of oesophageal carcinoma

Oesophageal cancers are prominent worldwide; however, there are few targeted therapies and survival rates for these cancers remain dismal. Here we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 164 carcinomas of the oesophagus derived from Western and Eastern populations. Beyond known histopathological and epidemiologic distinctions, molecular features differentiated oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas from oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas resembled squamous carcinomas of other organs more than they did oesophageal adenocarcinomas. Our analyses identified three molecular subclasses of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but none showed evidence for an aetiological role of human papillomavirus. Squamous cell carcinomas showed frequent genomic amplifications of CCND1 and SOX2 and/or TP63, whereas ERBB2, VEGFA and GATA4 and GATA6 were more commonly amplified in adenocarcinomas. Oesophageal adenocarcinomas strongly resembled the chromosomally unstable variant of gastric adenocarcinoma, suggesting that these cancers could be considered a single disease entity. However, some molecular features, including DNA hypermethylation, occurred disproportionally in oesophageal adenocarcinomas. These data provide a framework to facilitate more rational categorization of these tumours and a foundation for new therapies

Scaling and modeling physical attributes from anthropometric parameters

This research investigates issues in building anthropometrically scaled 3D geometric human models. This work is inspired by the growing need for realistic anthropometry-based human models for the evaluation of workspace designs and simulation of human tasks in computerized 3D, or virtual, environments. Anthropometric attributes are a mixture of numerical and geometric information that define the anatomical characteristics of a human. If collected and applied correctly, they allow the creation of human models that resemble real people in a chosen population. We will first analyze the many aspects of an anthropometry-based virtual human model, followed by a discussion of the types of anthropometric parameters that can be incorporated in such models. We then present our approach to this problem by treating anthropometric specifications as constraints on the human models and discuss how to efficiently manage and satisfy such constraints. In formulating our approaches to the problem we look at both currently available anthropometric data as well as proposed future survey methodologies. This is to ensure that our solutions will be applicable when improved technologies in capturing anthropometric and morphological properties produce richer information content than those available today

Scaling and modeling physical attributes from anthropometric parameters

This research investigates issues in building anthropometrically scaled 3D geometric human models. This work is inspired by the growing need for realistic anthropometry-based human models for the evaluation of workspace designs and simulation of human tasks in computerized 3D, or virtual, environments. Anthropometric attributes are a mixture of numerical and geometric information that define the anatomical characteristics of a human. If collected and applied correctly, they allow the creation of human models that resemble real people in a chosen population. We will first analyze the many aspects of an anthropometry-based virtual human model, followed by a discussion of the types of anthropometric parameters that can be incorporated in such models. We then present our approach to this problem by treating anthropometric specifications as constraints on the human models and discuss how to efficiently manage and satisfy such constraints. In formulating our approaches to the problem we look at both currently available anthropometric data as well as proposed future survey methodologies. This is to ensure that our solutions will be applicable when improved technologies in capturing anthropometric and morphological properties produce richer information content than those available today

Effects of Microporous Stent Graft on the Descending Aortic Aneurysm: A Patient-Specific Computational Fluid Dynamics Study

10.1111/aor.12802ARTIFICIAL ORGANS4011E230-E24

Building anthropometry-based virtual human models

Creating realistic virtual humans requires models that resemblerealhumans both visually and behaviorally. Physical and behavioral delity inhuman modeling is the focus of research and development work at the University ofPennsylvania's Center for Human Modeling and Simulation. In this article, we brie y describe the Center's human modeling paradigm, Jack R, and our research activities, including Jack's Spreadsheet Anthropometric Scaling System (SASS) and its Free-Form Deformation model

The association of depression and pain interference with disease-management self-efficacy in community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors influencing disease-management self-efficacy in individuals with spinal cord injury. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS/PATIENTS: Forty-nine community-dwelling individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (mean age 44 years) participated in the study. METHODS: Each subject was evaluated for disease-management self-efficacy (Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease), depression (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), pain interference (Pain Interference Scale), and availability of support (Interpersonal Support Evaluation List short form). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relative contributions of these factors to disease-management self-efficacy. RESULTS: The mean disease-management self-efficacy score was 6.5 out of 10 (standard deviation 1.6). Bivariate correlation analysis showed that higher self-efficacy was significantly correlated with longer time since injury (r = 0.367, p = 0.010), better social support (r = 0.434, p = 0.002), lower pain interference (r = -0.589, p <0.001), and less severe depressive symptoms (r=-0.463, p=0.001). In multiple regression analysis, only lower pain interference and less severe depressive symptoms were significantly associated with higher disease-management self-efficacy (F 4,44=10.249, R2=0.482, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Disease-management self-efficacy is suboptimal in many community-living people with spinal cord injury. This research suggests that rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury should include self-efficacy-enhancing strategies. Alleviation of depressive symptoms and pain self-management may be important for improving disease-management self-efficacy in this population, but this requires further study.Medicine, Faculty ofPhysical Therapy, Department ofReviewedFacultyResearcherOthe