INTERPOLATION METHODS FOR SEA SURFACE HEIGHT MAPPING FROM ALTIMETRY SATELLITES IN INDONESIAN SEAS

Altimetry satellite data, has a very low spatial resolution for using in determine fishing ground area. With very low spatial resolution is required interpolation method that can mapped Sea Surface Height (SSH) with a good result. SSH data from Global Near Real Time from AVISO, mapped in geographic projection and interpolated with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Ordinary Krigging method. This interpolation method are expected to know which the good method for mapped SSH data in resulting better information. The results of statistical calculation shows that RMSE value and standar deviations from kriging method is smaller than IDW method

Perbandingan Susu Kambing dan Susu Kedelai dalam Pembuatan Kefir

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan rasio terbaik susu kambing dengan susu kedelai untuk menghasilkan kualitas kefir tertinggi. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah MS1 (susu kambing 100: susu kedelai 0), MS2 (susu kambing 75: susu kedelai 25), MS3 (susu kambing 50: susu kedelai 50), MS4 (susu kambing 25: susu kedelai 75), dan MS5 (susu kambing 0: susu kedelai 100). Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat keasaman (pH), total bakteri asam laktat, padatan total dan kadar alkohol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio susu kambing dan susu kedelai berpengaruh nyata (P <0,05) terhadap pH, jumlah bakteri asam laktat, padatan total dan kadar alkohol. Perlakuan terbaik dalam penelitian ini adalah MS2

FISHPOND AQUACULTURE INVENTORY IN MAROS REGENCY OF SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE

Currently, fishpond aquaculture becomes an interesting business for investors because of its profit,  and  a  source  of  livelihood  for  coastal  communities.  Inventory  and  monitoring  of  fishpond aquaculture provide important baseline data to determine the policy of expansion and revitalization of the fishpond. The aim of this research was to conduct an inventory and monitoring of fishpond area inMaros regency of South Sulawesi province using Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT -4) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Apeture Radar (PALSAR). SPOT image classification process was performed using maximum likelihood supervised classification  method and  the  density  slice  method  for ALOS  PALSAR.  Fishpond  area  from  SPOT data was  9693.58  hectares  (ha),  this  results  have  been  through  the  process  of  validation  and verification by the ground truth data. The fishponds area from PALSAR was 7080.5 Ha, less than the result  from  SPOT  data.  This  was  due  to  the  classification  result  of  PALSAR  data  showing someobjects around fishponds (dike, mangrove, and scrub) separately and were not combined in fishponds area  calculation.  Meanwhile, the  result  of  SPOT -4  image  classification  combined object  around fishponds area

Pemanfaatan Buah Mangga (Mangiferaindical.) Dan Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Cameliasinensis) Dalam Pembuatan Selai

The purpose of this research was to know the effect of level mixing of mango porridge and green tea extracts to chemical analysis and organoleptic test of jam. This research used Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications, which followed by Duncan\u27s NewMultiple Range Test (DNMRT)at level 5%. The treatments were MT1 (100 mango porridge : 0 green tea extracts); MT2 (90 mango porridge : 10 green tea extracts); MT3 (80 mango porridge : 20 green tea extracts) andMT4 (70 mango porridge : 30 green tea extracts). The result of analysis showed that the level mixing of mango porridge and green tea extracts significantly effect on moisture content, pectin content, sucralose content, pH, descriptive of color, aroma, taste and texture and then hedonic of color and taste. The level mixing of mango porridge and green tea extract had notsignificantly effect onhedonic of aroma and texture.The best treatment was MT2 with moisture content 21,48; pectin content 1,50; sucralose content 56,65; and pH 3,31

METODE PENENTUAN TITIK KOORDINAT ZONA POTENSI PENANGKAPAN IKAN PELAGIS BERDASARKAN HASIL DETEKSI TERMAL FRONT SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT

Information points coordinate of potential fishing zones (PFZ) is required by user that to be more effective in conducting fishing operation. The results of thermal front detection using single image edge detection (SIED) asshape contour lines. This research aims to determine points coordinate for potential fishing zone based on detection of thermal fronts sea surface temperatures.To determine point coordinate performed segmentation on detection result according to size fishnet grid. Contour line contained in each grid is a polygon shape.Centroid of each polygon is point coordinate of PFZ. The result of sea surface temperature data processing from Terra/Aqua MODIS and Suomi NPP VIIRS satellitesindicates that method of determination the centroid of polygon is very effective in determining the point coordinate of PFZ. Using that method the processing stages of satellite data to be faster, more efficient and practical due to the information of PFZ is already as points coordinate.Abstrak Informasi titik koordinat zona potensi penangkapan ikan (ZPPI) sangat diperlukan oleh pengguna agar lebih efektif dalam melakukan operasi penangkapan ikan. Hasil deteksi termal front menggunakan metode Single Image Edge Detection (SIED) dalam bentuk garis kontur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan titik koordinat ZPPI berdasarkan hasil deteksi termal front suhu permukaan laut. Untuk menentukan titik koordinat dilakukan segmentasi hasil deteksi sesuai ukuran fishnet grid. Garis kontur yang terdapat dalam setiap grid merupakan bentuk poligon. Pusat geometri dari setiap poligon merupakan titik koordinat ZPPI. Hasil pengolahan data suhu permukaan laut dari satelit Terra/Aqua MODIS dan Suomi NPP VIIRS menunjukkan bahwa metode penentuan pusat geometri poligon sangat efektif dalam menentukan titik koordinat ZPPI. Dengan menggunakan metode tersebut tahap pengolahan data satelit menjadi lebih cepat, efisien dan lebih praktis karena informasi ZPPI sudah dalam bentuk titik koordinat

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EKSTRAKSI SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT MENGGUNAKAN DATA SATELIT LANDSAT 8 STUDI KASUS: TELUK LAMPUNG (DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE EXTRACTION USING LANDSAT- 8 SATELLITE DATA, CASE STUDY: LAMPUNG BAY)

Teluk Lampung merupakan daerah yang banyak memiliki keramba ikan kerapu, yang mana kualitas dan kuantitas airnya menjadi perhatian utama. Kualitas air ditentukan oleh faktor biologi, kimia, dan fisika. Salah satu parameter fisik adalah temperatur/suhu air. Banyak metode penentuan Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) menggunakan data satelit resolusi spasial menengah yang diturunkan dari satu band infra merah. Originality dari penelitian ini menggunakan fungsi yang diperoleh dari hasil korelasi antara temperatur pengamatan dengan temperatur kecerahan dari dua band infra merah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan pemodelan algoritma baru guna mengestimasi SPL menggunakan band 10 dan band 11 dari data satelit Landsat-8. Algoritma model ekstraksi SPL diperoleh melalui 3 tahapan, yaitu: Pertama melakukan koreksi geometrik dan mengkonversi nilai digital number ke nilai radiansi. Kedua adalah menghitung nilai temperatur kecerahan serta mengamati inteval temperaturnya. Kemudian mengkorelasikan temperatur pengukuran dengan temperatur kecerahan dari band 10 dan band 11, maka diperoleh persamaan polinomial orde 3 dalam 2 dimensi. Ketiga mengkorelasikan temperatur pengamatan in situ dengan temperatur kecerahan dari band 10 dan band 11 secara bersamaan (dalam 3 dimensi). maka diperoleh persamaan fungsi korelasi polinomial orde 3 dalam 3 dimensi. Fungsi untuk estimasi SPL adalah: T(X10,X11).= ?anXn10+bnXn11, yang mana koefisien/konstanta dari setiap orde ditentukan dari perkalian antara hasil perbandingan interval temperatur kecerahan (band 10 dan band 11) dengan konstanta setiap orde dari persamaan polinomial dalam 2 dimensi. Berdasarkan perbandingan antara temperatur hasil perhitungan dengan temperatur pengamatan, model estimasi SPL ini mempunyai kesalahan (RMSE) sebesar 21,15 % atau mempunyai ketelitian/akurasi sebesar 78,85 %.Kata-kunci: Algoritma, Landsat-8, Ekstraksi, Radiansi, Kecerahan temperatur, Polinomial, Suhu permukaan laut, Teluk Betun

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Chemokine nitration prevents intratumoral infiltration of antigen-specific T cells

Tumor-promoted constraints negatively affect cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) trafficking to the tumor core and, as a result, inhibit tumor killing. The production of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) within the tumor microenvironment has been reported in mouse and human cancers. We describe a novel RNS-dependent posttranslational modification of chemokines that has a profound impact on leukocyte recruitment to mouse and human tumors. Intratumoral RNS production induces CCL2 chemokine nitration and hinders T cell infiltration, resulting in the trapping of tumor-specific T cells in the stroma that surrounds cancer cells. Preconditioning of the tumor microenvironment with novel drugs that inhibit CCL2 modification facilitates CTL invasion of the tumor, suggesting that these drugs may be effective in cancer immunotherapy. Our results unveil an unexpected mechanism of tumor evasion and introduce new avenues for cancer immunotherapy