Review of Cates, James. 2014. \u3cem\u3eServing the Amish: A Cultural Guide for Professionals\u3c/em\u3e. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Anyone interested in Amish health, particularly mental health, is familiar with the publications of James Cates, a clinical psychologist who has extensive experience working with the Amish in the Elkhart-LaGrange settlement. In this book, Cates set himself the goal of providing guidance for human services professionals working with the Amish. I’m not a human services provider but, in my opinion, he succeeded in this goal. This book will also be useful for others, however, because Cates discusses some sensitive topics (e.g., drug abuse and addiction, violence towards women, and child abuse) that generally receive little attention in descriptions of Amish society. [First paragraph

Contribution of low impact development practices-bioretention systems towards urban flood resilience: case study of Novi Sad, Serbia

Bioretention systems are globally the most accepted Low Impact Development (LID) practices. In this study, we simulated bioretention performances for four locations in the city of Novi Sad, with RECARGA modelling software. The primary objective of the research was to evaluate potential of bioretention systems for runoff reduction. The second research objective was to suggest RECARGA model as a support for future decision-making processes. Analysis of the sensitivity of bioretention design parameters on bioretention performances, involved variations related to different sizes of bioretention systems, application of an underdrain, the difference in soil texture and changes in the depth of each individual bioretention layer. The total average volume of retained runoff by bioretention systems ranged from 43.33 to 93.84%, while some single simulation results were 100%. Among all tested design parameters, bioretention size and the native soil hydraulic conductivity have shown the greatest influence on the runoff reduction rate. This study provides information about the developing a site-specific bioretention solutions needed to prevent urban flooding in the area of research where this systems are still not sufficiently applied in practice. The obtained methodology can be applied for other locations and also it can be extended to other cities with similar urban flooding problems

Developmental and genetic components explain enhanced pulmonary volumes of female peruvian quechua

High altitude natives have enlarged vital capacities and residual volumes (RV). Because pulmonary volumes are an indication of functionally relevant traits, such as diffusion capacity, the understanding of the factors (genetic/developmental) that influence lung volumes provides insight into the adaptive responses of highlanders. In order to test for the effect of growth and development at high altitude on lung volumes, we obtained forced vital capacities (FVC), RV, and total lung capacities (TLC) for a sample of 65 Peruvian females of mostly Quechua origins (18–34 years) who were sub‐divided into two well‐matched groups: 1) sea‐level born and raised females (BSL, n = 34) from Lima, Peru (150 m), and 2) high‐altitude born and raised females (BHA, n = 31) from Cerro de Pasco, Peru (4,338 m). To determine Quechua origins, Native American ancestry proportion (NAAP) for each individual was assessed using a panel of 70 ancestry informative markers. NAAP was similar between groups (BSL = 91.71%; BHA = 89.93%; P = 0.240), and the analysis confirmed predominantly Quechua origins. After adjusting for body size and NAAP, BHA females had significantly higher FVC (3.79 ± 0.06 l; P < 0.001), RV (0.98 ± 0.03 l; P < 0.001) and TLC (4.80 ± 0.07 l; P < 0.001) compared to BSL females (FVC = 3.33 ± 0.05 l; RV = 0.69 ± 0.03 l; TLC = 4.02 ± 0.06 l). NAAP was not associated with FVC ( P = 0.352) or TLC ( P = 0.506). However, NAAP was positively associated with RV ( P = 0.004). In summary, results indicate that developmental exposure to high altitude in females constitutes an important factor for all lung volumes, whereas both genetic and developmental factors seem to be important for RV. Am J Phys Anthropol 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92086/1/22069_ftp.pd

Developmental, genetic, and environmental components of aerobic capacity at high altitude

The aerobic capacity of 268 subjects (158 males and 110 females) was evaluated in La Paz, Bolivia situated at 3,750 m. The sample included 1) 39 high altitude rural natives (all male); 2) 67 high altitude urban natives (32 male, 35 female); 3) 69 Bolivians of foreign ancestry acclimatized to high altitude since birth (37 male, 32 female); 4) 50 Bolivians of foreign ancestry acclimatized to high altitude during growth (25 male, 25 female); and 5) 43 non-Bolivians of either European or North American ancestry acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood (25 male, 18 female). Data analyses indicate that 1) high altitude urban natives, acclimatized to high altitude since birth or during growth, attained higher aerobic capacity than subjects acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood; 2) age at arrival to high altitude is inversely related to maximum oxygen consumption (V˙O 2 max) expressed in terms L/min or ml/min/kg of lean body mass, but not in terms of ml/min/kg of body weight; 3) among subjects acclimatized to high altitude during growth, approximately 25% of the variability in aerobic capacity can be explained by developmental factors; 4) as inferred from evaluations of skin color reflectance and sibling similarities, approximately 20 to 25% of the variability in aerobic capacity at high altitude can be explained by genetic factors; 5) except among the non-Bolivians acclimatized to high altitude during adulthood, the aerobic capacity of individuals with high occupational activity level is equal to the aerobic capacity of high altitude rural natives; and 6) the relationship between occupational activity level and aerobic capacity is much greater among subjects acclimatized to high altitude before the age of 10 years than afterwards. Together these data suggest that the attainment of normal aerobic capacity at high altitude is related to both developmental acclimatization and genetic factors but its expression is highly mediated by environmental factors, such as occupational activity level and body composition. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37674/1/1330960408_ftp.pd

The Atheist Experience: A Sociological Approach to Atheist Identity in College Students

Atheists in the United States remain a largely invisible minority in a highly religious social climate. College atheists as individuals have also been largely dismissed in sociology and the sociology of religion, especially with regard to their identity formation, identity salience, and experiences of stigma and stigma-coping mechanisms. Based on in-depth, qualitative interviews with 14 self-identified atheist college students, I argue that atheists begin the process of forming their identity during adolescence as a result of numerous background factors and through an ongoing negotiation of a society that they perceive as unaccepting on some level. I also argue that college plays a role in providing a supportive context in which atheists can affirm and crystallize their identities as a result of processes set in motion before college. This thesis seeks to gain a nuanced understanding of how college atheists as individuals have formed their identities and how they negotiate this embattled identity that remains stigmatized by U.S. society based on social constructions of the atheist as immoral. Respondents reported similar trends in their backgrounds and events in their childhoods or young adulthoods that sparked the eventual adoption of an atheist identity. They also reported variations in atheist identity salience as well as perceptions stigma and acceptance. Respondents coped with stigma by redefining friend groups, controlling information, and positing themselves as moral people without believing in God

Surname-Inferred Andean Ancestry Is Associated with Child Stature and Limb Lengths at High Altitude in Peru, but not at Sea Level

Objectives: Native Andean ancestry gives partial protection from reduced birthweight at high altitude in the Andes compared with European ancestry. Whether Andean ancestry is also associated with body proportions and greater postnatal body size at altitude is unknown. Therefore, we tested whether a greater proportion of Andean ancestry is associated with stature and body proportions among Peruvian children at high and low altitude. Methods: Height, head circumference, head-trunk height, upper and lower limb lengths, and tibia, ulna, hand and foot lengths, were measured in 133 highland and 169 lowland children aged 6 months to 8.5 years. For highland and lowland groups separately, age-sex-adjusted anthropometry z scores were regressed on the number of indigenous parental surnames as a proxy for Andean ancestry, adjusting for potential confounders (maternal age and education, parity, altitude [highlands only]). Results: Among highland children, greater Andean ancestry was negatively associated with stature and tibia, ulna, and lower limb lengths, independent of negative associations with greater altitude for these measurements. Relationships were strongest for tibia length: each additional Andean surname or 1,000 m increase at altitude among highland children was associated with 0.18 and 0.65 z score decreases in tibia length, respectively. Anthropometry was not significantly associated with ancestry among lowland children. Conclusions: Greater Andean ancestry is associated with shorter stature and limb measurements at high but not low altitude. Gene-environment interactions between high altitude and Andean ancestry may exacerbate the trade-off between chest dimensions and stature that was proposed previously, though we could not test this directly

Unicondylaris és totál térdízületi endoprotézisek gyulladásos szövődményeinek kezelésével szerzett tapasztalataink az elmúlt 15 év során = Experiences gained with the treatment of unicondylar and total knee replacement inflammatory complications in the last 15 years

A térdízületi endoprotetika egyik legrettegettebb szövődménye a szeptikus folyamat kialakulása, a protézis szeptikus lazulása. A szerzők 1999-2014 között 7670 térdízületi endoprotézis beültetést végeztek, ebből 1286 unicondylaris és 6384 totál endoprotézis volt. 63 beteg, 64 térdízületében (0,83%) észleltek gyulladásos szövődményt. A betegek sorsának nyomon követésére és az eredmények értékelésére a klinikai fekvőbeteg és ambuláns adatbázist használták. Áttekintik az alkalmazható kezelési módszereket és vizsgálták azok eredményeit anyagukban. Három betegnél, 4,6% (3/64 eset), korai synovectomia megállította a gyulladásos folyamatot, 12 esetben azonban eredménytelen volt. Két betegnél, 3,12% (2/64 eset), a protézis megtartása mellett antibiotikum szupressziót alkalmaztak. Egy üléses cserét nem végeztek. 59 esetben, 92% (59/64 eset), terveztek kétlépcsős cserét, 44 esetben, 68% (44/64 eset) megtörtént a reimplantáció, egy esetben észleltek reinfekciót. Három esetben, 4,6% (3/64 eset), arthrodesisre kényszerültek a spacer eltávolítása után. 12 esetben a spacer beültetése után nem végeztek reimplantációt, de a gyulladásos folyamat megszűnését elérték, ezek okait munkájukban részletezik. Vizsgálatuk alapján a két lépésben végzett térdprotézis csere kellő mikrobiológiai, műtéttechnikai, műszerezettségi feltételek mellett biztonságosan alkalmazható eljárás, mind a gyulladásos folyamat megszűntetése, mind az elérhető jó funkcionális eredmény elérése tekintetében

Thrifty Phenotype vs Cold Adaptation: Trade-offs in Upper Limb Proportions of Himalayan Populations of Nepal

The multi-stress environment of high altitude has been associated with growth deficits in humans, particularly in zeugopod elements (forearm, lower leg). This is consistent with the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, which has been observed in Andeans, but has yet to be tested in other high altitude populations. In Himalayan populations, other factors, such as cold stress, may shape limb proportions. The current study investigated whether relative upper limb proportions of Himalayan adults (n=254) differ between highland and lowland populations, and whether cold adaptation or a thrifty phenotype mechanism may be acting here. Height, weight, humerus length, ulna length, hand length, and hand width were measured using standard methods. Relative to height, total upper limb and ulna lengths were significantly shorter in highlanders compared to lowlanders in both sexes, whilst hand and humerus length were not. Hand width did not significantly differ between populations. These results support the thrifty phenotype hypothesis, as hand and humerus proportions are conserved at the expense of the ulna. The reduction in relative ulna length could be attributed to cold adaptation, but the lack of difference between populations in both hand length and width indicate that cold adaptation is not shaping hands proportions in this case