Youth Guarantee and Youth employment initiative: country case Spain

This note analyses the implementation of the Youth Gurantee and of the funding instrument Youth Employment Initiative in Spain with a view to regional aspects and budget constraintsEn la presente nota se analiza la aplicación de la garantía de juventud y del instrumento de financiación de la iniciativa para el empleo de los jóvenes en España, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos regionales y las limitaciones presupuestarias

Vacuna emocional en la Covid-19: programa de autocuidado para personas mayores

The group of elderly people is one of the most affected by this pandemic. It is considered a risk group and age is a relevant factor in the body’s response to COVID-19. To face this situation and disease, it is important that people take care of themselves at a biopsychosocial level. The aim of this paper is to present a self-care and psychological activation program: “Emotional Vaccine for COVID-19”. It is aimed at elderly people without or with mild cognitive impairment, individually or in groups, in different environments: residential, home, day center, etc., assessing the effect of this program in the improvement of their quality of life, distinguishing between rural and urban contexts. The program consists of 10 sessions of one hour and a half, held twice a week. In each session, a self-care guideline is worked on through a message in the form of a saying that facilitates mnesic activation. From the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and following the paradigm of the Attention Centered on what is Important for the Person, emotional management, cognitive stimulation and behavioral activation are addressed in order to produce better coping strategies for the current situation. The life project of each participant is emphasized through orientation to values. Using a quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group, the following instruments are used: behavioral records, scales and questionnaires that measure quality of life, anxiety, depression and experiential avoidance. An improvement in health and well-being through psychological activation is expected in the target sample with respect to the control group. The need for this type of psychological intervention in the gerontological field is highlighted due to its feasibility, efficacy and social demand.El colectivo de personas mayores es uno de los más afectados por esta pandemia. Es considerado grupo de riesgo y la edad es un factor relevante en la respuesta que da el organismo frente a la Covid-19. Para afrontar esta situación y esta enfermedad es importante que las personas se cuiden a nivel biopsicosocial. El presente trabajo tiene como fin exponer un programa de autocuidado y de activación psicológica: “Vacuna Emocional para la COVID-19”. Dirigido a personas mayores sin o con deterioro cognitivo leve, de manera individual o grupal, en diferentes entornos: residencial, domiciliario, centro de día, etc., valorando el efecto de este programa en la mejora de su calidad de vida, distinguiendo entre contextos rurales y urbanos. El programa consta de 10 sesiones de una hora y media de duración aplicándose dos sesiones semanales. En cada sesión se trabaja una pauta de autocuidado a través de un mensaje con forma de refrán que facilita la activación mnésica. Desde la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso y siguiendo el paradigma de la Atención Centrada en lo Importante para la Persona, se aborda la gestión emocional, la estimulación cognitiva y la activación conductual de manera que se produzca un mejor afrontamiento de la situación actual. Se enfatiza el proyecto de vida de cada participante a través de la orientación en valores. Utilizando un diseño cuasiexperimental pre-post con grupo control, se emplean los instrumentos: registros conductuales, escalas y cuestionarios que midan calidad de vida, ansiedad, depresión y evitación experiencial. Se espera una mejora en la salud y bienestar a través de la activación psicológica en la muestra diana respecto al grupo control. Se destaca la necesidad de este tipo de intervención psicológica en el ámbito gerontológico por su viabilidad, eficacia y demanda social.

Genome-wide association study identifies 32 novel breast cancer susceptibility loci from overall and subtype-specific analyses.

Breast cancer susceptibility variants frequently show heterogeneity in associations by tumor subtype1-3. To identify novel loci, we performed a genome-wide association study including 133,384 breast cancer cases and 113,789 controls, plus 18,908 BRCA1 mutation carriers (9,414 with breast cancer) of European ancestry, using both standard and novel methodologies that account for underlying tumor heterogeneity by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status and tumor grade. We identified 32 novel susceptibility loci (P < 5.0 × 10-8), 15 of which showed evidence for associations with at least one tumor feature (false discovery rate < 0.05). Five loci showed associations (P < 0.05) in opposite directions between luminal and non-luminal subtypes. In silico analyses showed that these five loci contained cell-specific enhancers that differed between normal luminal and basal mammary cells. The genetic correlations between five intrinsic-like subtypes ranged from 0.35 to 0.80. The proportion of genome-wide chip heritability explained by all known susceptibility loci was 54.2% for luminal A-like disease and 37.6% for triple-negative disease. The odds ratios of polygenic risk scores, which included 330 variants, for the highest 1% of quantiles compared with middle quantiles were 5.63 and 3.02 for luminal A-like and triple-negative disease, respectively. These findings provide an improved understanding of genetic predisposition to breast cancer subtypes and will inform the development of subtype-specific polygenic risk scores

Association analysis identifies 65 new breast cancer risk loci

Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic contribution to breast cancer risk remains unknown. Here we report the results of a genome-wide association study of breast cancer in 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry and 14,068 cases and 13,104 controls of East Asian ancestry. We identified 65 new loci that are associated with overall breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10-8. The majority of credible risk single-nucleotide polymorphisms in these loci fall in distal regulatory elements, and by integrating in silico data to predict target genes in breast cells at each locus, we demonstrate a strong overlap between candidate target genes and somatic driver genes in breast tumours. We also find that heritability of breast cancer due to all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in regulatory features was 2-5-fold enriched relative to the genome-wide average, with strong enrichment for particular transcription factor binding sites. These results provide further insight into genetic susceptibility to breast cancer and will improve the use of genetic risk scores for individualized screening and prevention.We thank all the individuals who took part in these studies and all the researchers, clinicians, technicians and administrative staff who have enabled this work to be carried out. Genotyping of the OncoArray was principally funded from three sources: the PERSPECTIVE project, funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the ‘Ministère de l’Économie, de la Science et de l’Innovation du Québec’ through Genome Québec, and the Quebec Breast Cancer Foundation; the NCI Genetic Associations and Mechanisms in Oncology (GAME-ON) initiative and Discovery, Biology and Risk of Inherited Variants in Breast Cancer (DRIVE) project (NIH Grants U19 CA148065 and X01HG007492); and Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10118 and C1287/A16563). BCAC is funded by Cancer Research UK (C1287/A16563), by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 223175 (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175) (COGS) and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreements 633784 (B-CAST) and 634935 (BRIDGES). Genotyping of the iCOGS array was funded by the European Union (HEALTH-F2-2009-223175), Cancer Research UK (C1287/A10710), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research for the ‘CIHR Team in Familial Risks of Breast Cancer’ program, and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade of Quebec, grant PSR-SIIRI-701. Combining of the GWAS data was supported in part by The National Institute of Health (NIH) Cancer Post-Cancer GWAS initiative grant U19 CA 148065 (DRIVE, part of the GAME-ON initiative)

Formación de recursos humanos

Alimentaci&oacute;n saludable en universitarios, casino Los Notros, Universidad de la Frontera, 2009Centro de salud docente-asistencial rural modelo Universidad de la Frontera, ChileDiagn&oacute;stico de salud escolar utilizando ficha Clap-OPSExperiencia de interacci&oacute;n fronteriza en acciones de promoci&oacute;n y prevenci&oacute;n en alcohol y drogasFomento y promoci&oacute;n en salud escolar: Un desaf&iacute;o pendienteFortalecimiento de maternidades cercanas a la familia: pabell&oacute;n docente en el Servicio de Salud &Ntilde;ubleIntegralidad del modelo biopsicosocial en la formaci&oacute;n de estudiantes de enfermer&iacute;a, Universidad Cat&oacute;lica del NorteJ&oacute;venes y ni&ntilde;os insulino dependientes aprenden t&eacute;cnicas de autocuidado en campamentoOdontolog&iacute;a y nutrici&oacute;n: dos disciplinas complementarias y sin&eacute;rgicasProyectos de extensi&oacute;n universitaria desarrollados a trav&eacute;s de pr&aacute;cticas profesionales de disciplinas de la salu

Flexible working time arrangements and gender equality : a comparative review of 30 European countries

Increasing the flexibility of working time is an important element of the European employment strategy (Employment Guideline 21). Enterprises should become more flexible in order to respond to sudden changes in demand, adapt to new technologies and be in a position to innovate constantly in order to remain competitive. Flexibility, however, is not only identified as an important ingredient in the quest for competitiveness by employers. Also on the supply side, contemporary employees demand non-full-time working hours and/or flexible working time schedules in order to suit their preferred lifestyles and to reconcile work and family life. However, employer-friendly and employee-friendly flexibility do not necessarily converge, creating new tensions between employers and employees and between men and women. This report provides an overview on flexible working time arrangements and gender equality in the 27 EU Member States and the three EEA–EFTA countries. The focus is on internal quantitative flexibility. On the one hand, this refers to flexibility in the length of working time, such as part-time work, overtime work and long hours and, on the other hand, to flexible organisation of working time, such as flexible working time schedules, homeworking and work at atypical hours. [excerpt]peer-reviewe