Periodic revisions of the international choices criteria: Process and results

Unhealthy diets contribute to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases, which are the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Nutrition policies such as front-of-pack labeling have been developed and implemented globally in different countries to stimulate healthier diets. The Choices Programme, including the International Choices criteria, is an established tool to support the implementation of such policies. The Choices criteria were developed to define the healthier choices per product group, taking saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, sodium, sugars, energy, and fiber into account. To keep these criteria updated, they are periodically revised by an independent international scientific committee. This paper explains the most important changes resulting from revisions between 2010 and 2016 and describes the process of the latest revision, resulting in the International Choices criteria version 2019. Revisions were based on national and international nutrition and dietary recommendations, large food composition databases, and stakeholders’ feedback. Other nutrient profiling systems served as benchmarks. The product group classification was adapted and new criteria were determined in order to enhance global applicability and form a credible, intuitively logical system for users. These newly developed criteria will serve as an international standard for healthier products and provide a guiding framework for food and nutrition policies. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic : relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey

The COVIDiSTRESS global survey collects data on early human responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic from 173 429 respondents in 48 countries. The open science study was co-designed by an international consortium of researchers to investigate how psychological responses differ across countries and cultures, and how this has impacted behaviour, coping and trust in government efforts to slow the spread of the virus. Starting in March 2020, COVIDiSTRESS leveraged the convenience of unpaid online recruitment to generate public data. The objective of the present analysis is to understand relationships between psychological responses in the early months of global coronavirus restrictions and help understand how different government measures succeed or fail in changing public behaviour. There were variations between and within countries. Although Western Europeans registered as more concerned over COVID-19, more stressed, and having slightly more trust in the governments' efforts, there was no clear geographical pattern in compliance with behavioural measures. Detailed plots illustrating between-countries differences are provided. Using both traditional and Bayesian analyses, we found that individuals who worried about getting sick worked harder to protect themselves and others. However, concern about the coronavirus itself did not account for all of the variances in experienced stress during the early months of COVID-19 restrictions. More alarmingly, such stress was associated with less compliance. Further, those most concerned over the coronavirus trusted in government measures primarily where policies were strict. While concern over a disease is a source of mental distress, other factors including strictness of protective measures, social support and personal lockdown conditions must also be taken into consideration to fully appreciate the psychological impact of COVID-19 and to understand why some people fail to follow behavioural guidelines intended to protect themselves and others from infection. The Stage 1 manuscript associated with this submission received in-principle acceptance (IPA) on 18 May 2020. Following IPA, the accepted Stage 1 version of the manuscript was preregistered on the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/g2t3b. This preregistration was performed prior to data analysis.Peer reviewe

COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

This N = 173,426 social science dataset was collected through the collaborative COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey - an open science effort to improve understanding of the human experiences of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic between 30th March and 30th May, 2020. The dataset allows a cross-cultural study of psychological and behavioural responses to the Coronavirus pandemic and associated government measures like cancellation of public functions and stay at home orders implemented in many countries. The dataset contains demographic background variables as well as measures of Asian Disease Problem, perceived stress (PSS-10), availability of social provisions (SPS-10), trust in various authorities, trust in governmental measures to contain the virus (OECD trust), personality traits (BFF-15), information behaviours, agreement with the level of government intervention, and compliance with preventive measures, along with a rich pool of exploratory variables and written experiences. A global consortium from 39 countries and regions worked together to build and translate a survey with variables of shared interests, and recruited participants in 47 languages and dialects. Raw plus cleaned data and dynamic visualizations are available.Measurement(s) psychological measurement center dot anxiety-related behavior trait center dot Stress center dot response to center dot Isolation center dot loneliness measurement center dot Emotional Distress Technology Type(s) Survey Factor Type(s) geographic location center dot language center dot age of participant center dot responses to the Coronavirus pandemic Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data:Peer reviewe

La conservazione preventiva del patrimonio librario come possibile alternativa al restauro tradizionale

The present paper focuses on the close relation between library collections and their preservation environment, aiming, in particular, at highlighting the importance of promoting and sustaining the monitoring. The paper proposes some simple and ready-to-use technologies – smart monitoring – to prevent future damages

Batı Anadolu'da yayıkan bazı Crocus Teksonlarının süs bitkisi olarak değerlendirilmesi

The objective of this study was to determine the possibility of some Crocus taxa to be used as ornamental plants (outdoor plants or pot plants). For this aim, survey, vegetative and generative propagation studies were carried out. The materials of the study were 4 Crocus taxa which spread naturally at flora of Turkey and include 2 endemics. While one of them blossoms during autum (C. pallasii ssp. pallasii), the other three blossom during spring (C. olivieri ssp. balansae, C. chrysanthus, C. baytopiorum). The taxa were collected around the regions where they spread and their species were identified. The methods of propagation had been aplied to the taxa. After that at the vegetative stage the taxa observed for their potential of being ornamental plants. the studies of propagation regarding to use taxa as ornamental plants had been observed during the vegetation period of 2011. The evaluations are done according to the way of usage through the ;amp;#8220;weighted rankit method;amp;#8221;. According to our studies it is found out that the taxa can be used as outdoor and pot plants. The plants adapted to the conditions of Menemen area and were cultured for 3 years. It has been found out that all of the 4 taxa can be used either as an outdoor plant or as a pot plant.Bu çalışma ile Batı Anadolu’daki bazı doğal Crocus taksonlarının çoğaltımı ve süs bitkisi (dış mekân bitkisi ve saksılı bitki) olarak değerlendirme olanaklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, bitki toplama, vejetatif ve generatif çoğaltım çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya ait materyalleri ülkemiz florasında doğal olarak yayılış gösteren 2’si endemik 4 Crocus taksonu oluşturmaktadır. Taksonlardan biri sonbaharda çiçek açarken (C. pallasii ssp. pallasii), 3’ü ilkbaharda (C. olivieri ssp. balansae, C. chrysanthus, C. baytopiorum) çiçeklenmektedirler. Taksonlar doğal olarak yayılış gösterdikleri alanlardan toplanmış ve tür teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Taksonların hem vejetatif hem de generatif olarak çoğaltılabileceği belirlenmiştir. Çoğaltma çalışmaları sonrasında taksonların süs bitkisi olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline yönelik gözlemler 2011 yılı vejetasyon döneminde alınmıştır. Kullanım alanlarına yönelik değerlendirmeler “tartılı derecelendirme metodu” ile yapılmıştır. Bitkiler, Menemen koşullarına adapte olmuş ve 3 yıl süresince kültüre alınmışlardır. Taksonların 4’ünün de hem dış mekân bitkisi hem de saksı çiçeği olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır