Fine-Scale Mapping of the 5q11.2 Breast Cancer Locus Reveals at Least Three Independent Risk Variants Regulating MAP3K1

Peer reviewe

Randomized controlled trial of molnupiravir SARS-CoV-2 viral and antibody response in at-risk adult outpatients

Viral clearance, antibody response and the mutagenic effect of molnupiravir has not been elucidated in at-risk populations. Non-hospitalised participants within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 symptoms randomised to receive molnupiravir (n = 253) or Usual Care (n = 324) were recruited to study viral and antibody dynamics and the effect of molnupiravir on viral whole genome sequence from 1437 viral genomes. Molnupiravir accelerates viral load decline, but virus is detectable by Day 5 in most cases. At Day 14 (9 days post-treatment), molnupiravir is associated with significantly higher viral persistence and significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titres compared to Usual Care. Serial sequencing reveals increased mutagenesis with molnupiravir treatment. Persistence of detectable viral RNA at Day 14 in the molnupiravir group is associated with higher transition mutations following treatment cessation. Viral viability at Day 14 is similar in both groups with post-molnupiravir treated samples cultured up to 9 days post cessation of treatment. The current 5-day molnupiravir course is too short. Longer courses should be tested to reduce the risk of potentially transmissible molnupiravir-mutated variants being generated. Trial registration: ISRCTN3044803

MicroRNA Related Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk

Peer reviewe

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees

Välttelevän kiintymyssuhteen merkitys lapsen hyvinvoinnille

Tarkoituksena tässä opinnäytetyössä on koota tutkimustietoa välttelevästä kiintymyssuhteesta ja sen merkityksestä lapsen hyvinvoinnille. Tavoitteena oli kehittää ammatillista osaamista teoriapohjan osalta ja käsitellä tutkittavaa aihetta psykiatrisen hoitotyön näkökulmasta, mikä on suuntautumiseni. Tutkimuskysymys on jaettu kahteen osaan: vanhempien ja lapsen välinen kiintymyssuhde ja lapsen kehitys ja hyvinvointi. Näiden osien ulottuvilta on haettu tutkimusartikkeleita, tutkimusraportteja ja asiantuntijakirjoituksia, joista on koottu tiivistelmiä kirjallisuuskatsauksen tapaan. Pohdinnassa on eritelty aineistoa tarkemmin tutkimuskysymyksen osalta. Kiintymyssuhde kehittyy lapsella varhaisen vuorovaikutuksen kautta 0–2-vuotiaana. Jos vanhemmat laiminlyövät kommunikoinnin lapsen kanssa, emotionaalinen kehitys jää vajaaksi eikä lapsi opi ilmaisemaan omia tarpeitaan ja tunteitaan. Välttelevän kiintymyssuhteen seuraukset voivat olla laajat epäsosiaalisuudesta kognitiivisiin häiriöihin. Epäsosiaalisuuteen kytkeytyviin häiriöihin kuuluu puhumattomuus, eristäytyminen ja laajemmin kroonistunut masennus, mihin taas liittyy vahva itsetuhoisuuden riski