Model Peningkatan Daya Saing Penjual Jamu Gendong sebagai Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Jambi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peluang, ancaman, dan kekuatan serta kelemahan model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi, dan menemukan faktor eksternal dan internal yang mempengaruhi model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi, serta merumuskan pengembangan model peningkatan daya saing dengan menambahkan faktor eksternal dan internal bagi penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi (mixed method) dengan tipe sequential exploratory design. Pada tahap penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan interpretif fenomenologi selanjutnya, pada tahap penelitian kuantiatif menggunakan alat analisis inferensial berupa partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan sebagai berikut : 1) Variabel faktor eksternal memiliki indikator lingkungan umum, lingkungan industri, dan lingkungan pesaing, 2) Variabel faktor internal memiliki indikator pendidikan dan pelatihan 3) Variabel pengelolaan usaha memiliki indikator modal awal, tempat/distribusi, indikator upah, indikator layout usaha. 4) Model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong dilakukan dengan meningkatkan modal awal dan memperluas dan memperbanyak saluran distribusi pemasarannya. Kata Kunci : Jamu Gendong, Daya Saing, Penelitian Kombinasi, Sequential Exploratory Design

Model Peningkatan Daya Saing Penjual Jamu Gendong sebagai USAha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Jambi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peluang, ancaman, dan kekuatan serta kelemahan model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi, dan menemukan faktor eksternal dan internal yang mempengaruhi model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi, serta merumuskan pengembangan model peningkatan daya saing dengan menambahkan faktor eksternal dan internal bagi penjual jamu gendong di kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kombinasi (mixed method) dengan tipe sequential exploratory design. Pada tahap penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan interpretif fenomenologi selanjutnya, pada tahap penelitian kuantiatif menggunakan alat analisis inferensial berupa partial least square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan sebagai berikut : 1) Variabel faktor eksternal memiliki indikator lingkungan umum, lingkungan industri, dan lingkungan pesaing, 2) Variabel faktor internal memiliki indikator pendidikan dan pelatihan 3) Variabel pengelolaan USAha memiliki indikator modal awal, tempat/distribusi, indikator upah, indikator layout USAha. 4) Model peningkatan daya saing penjual jamu gendong dilakukan dengan meningkatkan modal awal dan memperluas dan memperbanyak saluran distribusi pemasarannya

PengaruhBentuk Probe Pada Tool Shoulder TerhadapMetalurgiAluminium Seri 5083 Dengan Proses Friction Stir Welding

Penyambungan Aluminium dengan GTAW dan GMAW menghasilkan suhu yang sangat tinggi pada saat proses pengelasansehinggamenghasilkandistorsi yang besar. Untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut dilakukan pengelasan yang suhu pengelasannya berada di bawah titik leleh Aluminium yaitu Friction Stir Welding. Padatugasakhirinidilakukanmodifikasitool dari K-100 BohlerdanmenggunakanmesinfraissebagaipenggantimesinFriction Stir Weldingpada Aluminiumpaduan 5083 dengantebal 4 mm denganukuran 30 mm x 15 mm menggunakantigavariasi pin yaitulingkaran (straight cylindrical), segitiga (triangle) dansegiempat (square) dengantravel speedsebesar 0.33 mm/detik serta sudut inklinasi 20. Kemudiandilakukananalisaterhadapperubahanmetalurgi, dandefect yang terjadi. Dari hasilpercobaandengan uji Makro etsa, fotoMikro serta Radiografi diketahui bahwa variasi pin berbentuksegiempat (square)menimbulkansuhu yang paling besardarivariasi pin lingkaran (straight cylindrical) dansegitiga (triangle) menyebabkan bentuk butir semakin besar, surface irragulariti semakin pendek, tidakditemukantunnel defect, kekerasan material bertambah serta diskontinuitas berupa weld flash semakin besar

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London