Adipose saturation reduces lipotoxic systemic inflammation and explains the obesity paradox

Obesity sometimes seems protective in disease. This obesity paradox is predominantly described in reports from the Western Hemisphere during acute illnesses. Since adipose triglyceride composition corresponds to long-term dietary patterns, we performed a meta-analysis modeling the effect of obesity on severity of acute pancreatitis, in the context of dietary patterns of the countries from which the studies originated. Increased severity was noted in leaner populations with a higher proportion of unsaturated fat intake. In mice, greater hydrolysis of unsaturated visceral triglyceride caused worse organ failure during pancreatitis, even when the mice were leaner than those having saturated triglyceride. Saturation interfered with triglyceride\u27s interaction and lipolysis by pancreatic triglyceride lipase, which mediates organ failure. Unsaturation increased fatty acid monomers in vivo and aqueous media, resulting in greater lipotoxic cellular responses and organ failure. Therefore, visceral triglyceride saturation reduces the ensuing lipotoxicity despite higher adiposity, thus explaining the obesity paradox

Popular attitudes to memory, the body, and social identity : the rise of external commemoration in Britain, Ireland, and New England

A comparative analysis of samples of external memorials from burial grounds in Britain, Ireland and New England reveals a widespread pattern of change in monument style and content, and exponential growth in the number of permanent memorials from the 18th century onwards. Although manifested in regionally distinctive styles on which most academic attention has so far been directed, the expansion reflects global changes in social relationships and concepts of memory and the body. An archaeological perspective reveals the importance of external memorials in articulating these changing attitudes in a world of increasing material consumption

A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level rise

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011): F02009, doi:10.1029/2010JF001891.Sea level rise during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level rise impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level rise and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U.S. Atlantic coast that include observations of local rates of relative sea level rise, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level rise rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level rise. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (−1 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level rise and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions.Funding for this work was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology and Global Change Research programs

Influence of sodium bicarbonate upon the performance of short-duration maximal exercise of trained females

Fifteen trained college-aged females were studied under alkalotic (NaHC03 ingestion) and placebo (NaCl ingestion) conditions to determine the effect of NaHC03 on power output for 30 and 60 sec of all-out cycling. Time to exhaustion was also measured

Investigation and inventory of abandoned underground mines in Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties, Ohio

Originally issued: May 1980; with added introduction dated: Jan. 5, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) and index.; Harvested from the web on 3/8/12[Primary report] -- Columbiana County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Mahoning County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Trumbull County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Carroll ... [Jefferson, Portage, and Stark counties] abandoned underground mine data sheets

Investigation and inventory of abandoned underground mines in Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties, Ohio

Originally issued: May 1980; with added introduction dated: Jan. 5, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) and index.; Harvested from the web on 3/9/12[Primary report] -- Columbiana County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Mahoning County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Trumbull County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Carroll ... [Jefferson, Portage, and Stark counties] abandoned underground mine data sheets

Investigation and inventory of abandoned underground mines in Columbiana, Mahoning, and Trumbull counties, Ohio

Originally issued: May 1980; with added introduction dated: Jan. 5, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 22) and index.; Harvested from the web on 3/8/12[Primary report] -- Columbiana County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Mahoning County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Trumbull County abandoned underground mine data sheets -- Carroll ... [Jefferson, Portage, and Stark counties] abandoned underground mine data sheets

History of the coal-mining industry in Ohio

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