828 research outputs found
POLICY ASPECTS OF LAND-USE PLANNING IN IRELAND. BROADSHEET No. 22, December 1983
The passage of the Local Government (Planning and
Development) Act in 1963 heralded a substantially increased
degree of intervention by government into decisions concerning
how land is used. We describe the form which this intervention
took over the subsequent 20 years and analyse its
implications. We do so in three phases. First we present the
legislative, administrative and analytic framework, then we
discuss some elements of the planning process and finish with
some conclusions
Insights for climate policy in Europe
In this paper, the following key issues are addressed: the so-called “South” – the Group of 77 and China – and how to engage their interest and commitment; the purported savings if the flexible mechanisms are availed of, and the macro-economic impacts of meeting the Kyoto objectives; the associated issues of narrowing the extent and scope for such trading by setting a limit on how much can be traded, and “hot air” – the surplus quota above their own projected needs which Russia and most of the old Soviet Union have to offer; operational issues, including units to be traded, monitoring and enforcement, allocation of permits, competitiveness and risk management; in the case of emissions trading, the initial allocation of permits
LAND DRAINAGE POLICY IN IRELAND. DUBLIN, 1982
Ireland suffers from an extensive drainage problem. The
source of the difficulty is not exception rainfall. It is the saucer
shape of the countryside with its high maritime rim and flat
interior. As a result, the rivers flow slowly through poor
channels. Much of the land suffers from periodic or prolonged
flood damage. Even at low-flow, the rivers provide poor outfalls
that prevent adjoining lands being properly drained. If left unattended, these slow-flowing rivers tend to silt up and the
drainage conditions degenerate. So, the need for remedial
drainage work is recurrent.
State involvement in arterial drainage has a long history,
dating back to famine times. At that time, the work was all done
manually, and it employed about forty thousand people at peak.
The process has now become highly mechanised with the use of
dragline excavators and floating dredgers for excavation, and
specialised equipment for drilling and blasting rock. It is all
carried out under the central direction of the Office of Public
Works (OPW). Fewer than one thousand people are now
employed on the programme.
Almost all of the arterial work has consisted of deepening and
widening river channels to accommodate existing river flows.
The alternative - moderating river flows by diverting rivers or
storing in reservoirs - is uncommon. Schemes are designed after
the study of long records of water flows and a detailed survey of
the catchment. Typically, the channel enlargement aims to give
immunity from the three-year flood and to reduce the low-flow
water table sufficiently so that satisfactory drainage is achieved
of the land areas to be improved. This level of flood immunity
means that flooding in the Spring-Autumn growing season will
be very rare. The low water table provides sufficient outfall to
enable farmers to fully rehabilitate their land by field drainage.
State involvement in field drainage is of quite recent origin. It
takes the form of grant aid. The one experiment in direct work
by tile state proved unwieldy and was short-lived. The grant is
administered by the Department of Agriculture
ENERGY CROPS, FORESTRY AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN IRELAND. ESRI General Research Series Paper No. 114, October 1983
The more than four-fold increases in real oil prices which occurred in the
1973-83 decade has combined with a perception that such supplies were
susceptible to sudden interruption to result in greatly increased interest in
the opportunities for providing indigenous energy supplies.
Ireland’s climate and soils are ideal for tree growth. These two considerations
-- energy price rises and suitability for tree growth -- led logically to a
consideration of the question as to whether it could be to national advantage
to grow wood energy crops in Ireland to meet some of our energy needs.
Such crops typically comprise hardwood species such as willow, alder and
poplar which are cut periodically, e.g., every 5 years, after which they resprout.
Research on the biological potentials in this regard was initiated in
Northern Ireland in 1973, and has been concentrated there on the wet mineral
soils. In the Republic an extensive research programme started in 1976. Most
attention has been devoted to the potential of the land remaining after Bord
na M6na has extracted the peat -- the cutaway - but other site types have
been examined and some harvesting and utilisation studies have also been
initiated
Measurement of Direct Photon Emission in K^+ -> pi^+ pi^0 gamma Decay
We have performed a measurement of the K^+ -> pi^+ pi^0 gamma decay and have
observed 2 X 10^4 events. The best fit to the decay spectrum gives a branching
ratio for direct photon emission of (4.7\pm0.8\pm0.3) X 10^{-6} in the pi^+
kinetic energy region of 55 to 90 MeV and requires no component due to
interference with inner bremsstrahlung.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. To be submitted to PR
Search for the decay in the momentum region
We have searched for the decay in the kinematic
region with pion momentum below the peak. One event was
observed, consistent with the background estimate of . This
implies an upper limit on
(90% C.L.), consistent with the recently measured branching ratio of
, obtained using the standard model
spectrum and the kinematic region above the peak. The
same data were used to search for , where is a weakly
interacting neutral particle or system of particles with .Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
A Study of Time-Dependent CP-Violating Asymmetries and Flavor Oscillations in Neutral B Decays at the Upsilon(4S)
We present a measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in
neutral B meson decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II
asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. The data
sample consists of 29.7 recorded at the
resonance and 3.9 off-resonance. One of the neutral B mesons,
which are produced in pairs at the , is fully reconstructed in
the CP decay modes , , , () and , or in flavor-eigenstate
modes involving and (). The flavor of the other neutral B meson is tagged at the time of
its decay, mainly with the charge of identified leptons and kaons. The proper
time elapsed between the decays is determined by measuring the distance between
the decay vertices. A maximum-likelihood fit to this flavor eigenstate sample
finds . The value of the asymmetry amplitude is determined from
a simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit to the time-difference distribution of
the flavor-eigenstate sample and about 642 tagged decays in the
CP-eigenstate modes. We find , demonstrating that CP violation exists in the neutral B meson
system. (abridged)Comment: 58 pages, 35 figures, submitted to Physical Review
Precision Top-Quark Mass Measurements at CDF
We present a precision measurement of the top-quark mass using the full
sample of Tevatron TeV proton-antiproton collisions collected
by the CDF II detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.7
. Using a sample of candidate events decaying into the
lepton+jets channel, we obtain distributions of the top-quark masses and the
invariant mass of two jets from the boson decays from data. We then compare
these distributions to templates derived from signal and background samples to
extract the top-quark mass and the energy scale of the calorimeter jets with
{\it in situ} calibration. The likelihood fit of the templates from signal and
background events to the data yields the single most-precise measurement of the
top-quark mass, \mtop = 172.85 \pm\pmComment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
A search for resonant production of pairs in $4.8\ \rm{fb}^{-1}p\bar{p}\sqrt{s}=1.96\ \rm{TeV}$
We search for resonant production of tt pairs in 4.8 fb^{-1} integrated
luminosity of ppbar collision data at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV in the lepton+jets decay
channel, where one top quark decays leptonically and the other hadronically. A
matrix element reconstruction technique is used; for each event a probability
density function (pdf) of the ttbar candidate invariant mass is sampled. These
pdfs are used to construct a likelihood function, whereby the cross section for
resonant ttbar production is estimated, given a hypothetical resonance mass and
width. The data indicate no evidence of resonant production of ttbar pairs. A
benchmark model of leptophobic Z \rightarrow ttbar is excluded with m_{Z'} <
900 GeV at 95% confidence level.Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review D Sep 21, 201
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