La longue séquence de Marchésieux: reconstitution de paléoenvironnements marins durant le premier cycle glaciaire de l'hémisphère nord

International audienceA l'échelle des cinq derniers millions d'années, les enregistrements paléoclimatiques restitués par les sédiments océaniques illustrent le contrôle des paramètres orbitaux (précession, obliquité et excentricité) sur le climat global. La tendance au refroidissement qui accompagne la fin du Néogène est ainsi marquée, vers -2,4 Ma, par le développement rapide des calottes de glace de l'hémisphère nord (Shackleton et al., 1984). Alors que l'histoire du climat global restituée par les enregistrements océaniques est sans cesse précisée, les données concernant l'évolution des environnements continentaux et côtiers au cours de ces changements restent essentiellement fragmentaires. Le forage effectué à Marchésieux (Manche; Normandie) a permis de réaliser une étude pluridisciplinaire de la signature de ce premier cycle glaciaire de l'hémisphère nord (Prétiglien). Les premiers résultats stratigraphiques, paléoenvironnementaux (eustatisme, température, paléobathymétrie) sont présentés

La longue séquence pliocène de Marchésieux - Résultats analytiques et premiers résultats

National audienceLe sondage intégralement carotté de Marchésieux a permis d'atteindre l'objectif fixé dans le projet AR42 du BRGM : l'analyse paléoclimatique du premier épisode glaciaire de l'hémisphère nord (Prétiglien, -2,4 Ma) et probablement le premier rafraîchissement de -3,1 Ma. Les 159,3 m de sédiments datés du Reuvérien et du Prétiglien ont déjà livré une quantité importante d'informations aussi bien climatiques que paléoenvironnementales. De par sa position géographique privilégiée et de par son environnement côtier, la "Longue sequence" de Marchésieux a précisé les modalités de la séquence de dégradation climatique en milieu continental et marin à nos latitudes moyennes. La méthodologie fortement pluridisciplinaire, le plus souvent il très haute résolution, permet d'affiner notablement les modalités de la réponse de chaque environnement au changement climatique, et apparaît, en ce sens, beaucoup plus riche que les études monodisciplinaires classiques. Ainsi, les réponses zoologiques, phytosociologiques, sedimentologiques et géochimiques au stimulus climatique externe peuvent être comparées et calibrées

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice : Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: M.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Novartis, and Takeda and grants from Janssen and Sanofi during the conduct of the study. E.T. has received grants from Janssen and personal fees from Janssen and Takeda during the conduct of the study, and grants from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, personal fees from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Glaxo-Smith Kline outside the submitted work. M.V.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, and Takeda outside the submitted work. M.C. reports honoraria from Janssen, outside the submitted work. M. B. reports grants from Janssen Cilag during the conduct of the study. M.D. has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Janssen, Celgene, Takeda, Amgen, and Novartis. H.S. has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Takeda outside the submitted work. V.P. reports personal fees from Janssen during the conduct of the study and grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, and personal fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. W.W. has received personal fees and grants from Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Gilead, and Janssen and nonfinancial support from Roche outside the submitted work. J.S. reports grants and nonfinancial support from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. V.L. reports funding from Janssen Global Services LLC during the conduct of the study and study support from Janssen-Cilag and Pharmion outside the submitted work. A.P. reports employment and shareholding of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) during the conduct of the study. C.C. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. C.F. reports employment at Janssen Research and Development during the conduct of the study. F.T.B. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsMultiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with little information available on its management in real-world clinical practice. The results of the present prospective, noninterventional observational study revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to treat MM. Our results also provide data to inform health economic, pharmacoepidemiologic, and outcomes research, providing a framework for the design of protocols to improve the outcomes of patients with MM. Background: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months. Results: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide. Conclusion: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Pollen and hydrological evidence for the interpretation of past climates in tropical west Africa during the holocene

International audiencePaleohydrological and palynological data from the three major ecoclimatic zones in modem tropical west Africa -- the Guineo- Sudanian, Sahelian and Saharan -- have been summarized to provide a 12,000 year history of paleoclimatic variation. On the basis of 54 limnological sites and 16 pollen sequences, past rainfall patterns can be distinguished with a 500 year resolution. Paleohydrological data indicate several periods with higher rainfall than present. Those at 9.5 ka-7 ka BP and 4 ka-2.5 ka BP occurred in both the Sahelian and Saharan zones. Two abrupt changes in the vegetation are evident in the palynological data, and these confirm the importance of hydrological fluctuations. At 9 ka BP, the vegetation suddenly responded to an abundant increase in rainfall. At 2 ka BP, the vegetation changed quickly to its modern distribution in response to generally drier conditions. Although evidence exists for a temperature increase at 9 ka BP and increased seasonality in precipitation at 7.5 ka BP, the details regarding these events must be refined

REE and Nd Isotope Stratigraphy of a Late Jurassic Carbonate Platform, Eastern Paris Basin, France

International audienceRare earth elements (REE) and Nd isotopes on the labile fraction of the Callovian–Oxfordian to Tithonian Jurassic carbonate platform of the eastern Paris Basin were used to reconstruct the composition of the contemporaneous waters from which the labile fraction may have originated. This sedimentary record shows a remarkable change in the manganese content between the clayey deposits at the top and bottom of the succession and the carbonate-platform deposits. The combined analyses of REE and Nd isotope ratios record the influence of emerged land and the Tethys Ocean. The REE patterns are similar to those of seawater in the middle part of the sedimentary record, suggesting REE removal by marine carbonate, while bell-shaped REE patterns are observed above and below, reflecting continent-derived REE carried by Fe–Mn coatings on detrital particles. Therefore, the REE patterns and their evolution through the sedimentary record highlight the roles played in the REE budget by Fe–Mn coatings on detrital particles and by marine carbonates. The predominant sources of Nd during platform evolution are characterized by the Nd isotope variations in the sediments; the nonradiogenic values (ϵNd(t) between −12 and −10) strongly suggest that the predominant source of Nd on the platform was the continental crust through weathering and river inputs, whereas some more radiogenic Nd (ϵNd(t) = −5) values are more typical of the Tethys seawater signature

Tracing Mixings and Water-rock Interactions in the Loire River Basin (France): δ18O-δ2H and 87Sr/86Sr

International audienc

Across an early Holocene humid phase in western Sahara:Pollen and isotope stratigraphy

International audiencePaleohydrology and paleoecology of the region around the Chemchane sabkha (Mauritania) are reconstructed from the comparative analyses of mineralogy, stable isotope ratios of bulk carbonates, and palynology from sediment cores. The age of the section is from ca. 13.5 ka to the middle Holocene. Maximum lake expansion between about 8.3 and 6.5 ka is recorded in a girdle of stromatolite carbonates. These document a lower-salinity lake concomitant with a general establishment of Sahel-Sudan vegetation. The Chemchane area is the northernmost (lat 21°N) occurrence of humid- phase elements that are related to maximum intensity of monsoon activity during the early Holocene

Impact de la recharge artificielle par des eaux usées traitées sur la qualité et la quantité des eaux souterraines de la nappe côtière de Korba-Mida, Cap-Bon, Tunisie

La nappe de Korba-Mida de la Côte Orientale du Cap-Bon de Tunisie subit une surexploitation illustrée par l’accroissement du nombre de puits de 270 puits en 1962 à 9500 puits en 2011. La qualité des eaux de nappe est alors fréquemment dégradée par l’intrusion marine, l’infiltration des eaux d’irrigation ou les pollutions diffuses. Depuis les années 60, un suivi spatio-temporel qualitatif et un modèle de fonctionnement hydrogéologique des eaux souterraines ont mis en évidence que les prélèvements importants avaient généré une inversion du gradient hydraulique causant une intrusion saline. Cruciale pour l’agriculture locale, la nécessité d’améliorer quantitativement et qualitativement les eaux de nappe a conduit à la mise en place d’une recharge artificielle d’eaux usées traitées. Les eaux usées proviennent de la station d’épuration de Korba et leur traitement final se fait par infiltration dans la zone non saturée du sol (SAT, Soil Aquifer Treatment) depuis décembre 2008. Avant la recharge, la salinité varie entre 1à 12 g/l et les niveaux piézométrique sont tous inférieurs à celui de la mer sur toute la zone d’étude et varient entre zéro au niveau de la STEP de Korba et -7m au niveau de la rive gauche de l’Oued Ennajar. Après 3 ans de la recharge artificielle (1 Million m3) par les eaux usées traitées, une diminution de la salinité de 1 g/l a été enregistrée. Une remontée de niveau de la nappe justifié par l’apparition des niveaux piézométriques qui varient entre 1 à 2 m au niveau du site de recharge. Les isotopes du Bore permettent de distinguer plusieurs pôles d’eaux souterraines dont les mélanges affectent la mobilité des éléments

Essai de caractérisation isotopique (δ18O et δ2H) du signal metéorique actuel à partir des lacs et réservoirs : application au quart sud-ouest de la France

Cet article présente une méthodologie pour caractériser le signal isotopique actuel des précipitations en utilisant les lacs comme pluviomètres intégrateurs. Cette approche a été mise en œuvre à l’échelle du quart sud-ouest de la France, elle est basée sur un échantillonnage de 15 lacs et 5 suivis pluviométriques pluriannuels servant de référence et de validation de la méthode. Les échantillons ayant subi un fractionnement isotopique lié à l’évaporation ont été corrigés en se basant sur la comparaison entre un lac et un pluviomètre basé à proximité l’un de l’autre dans la zone d’étude, ainsi que sur un autre couple (lac et suivi pluviométrique) situé en région Centre. Les 20 points répartis de façon homogène à l’échelle de l’étude ont été interpolés par krigeage de manière à obtenir des cartes d’isovaleurs en δ18O et δ2H. Les cartes ainsi obtenues permettent de connaître avec une relative précision les caractéristiques isotopiques de la recharge des aquifères. En l’absence de suivis pluviométriques suffisamment denses sur une région, l’utilisation des lacs comme intégrateurs pluviométriques naturels peut permettre un accès à l'information relativement fiable et précis, et ce de façon facile, rapide et peu coûteuse