La naissance de l'ARDIST

Anniversaire 10 ans de l'ARDISTInternational audienceCet article, écrit par deux des acteurs qui ont participé à la création de l'ARDIST, décrit la naissance de l'ARDIST en 1998. Avant cette date existaient deux communautés séparées de didacticiens des sciences expérimentales, celle des sciences physiques et celle des sciences biologiques et géologiques. Le contexte de la création est rappelé et sont évoqués les problèmes qui ont été soulevés et résolus pour aboutir à une fusion des deux communautés

Les jeunes enfants peuvent-ils acquérir des connaissances sur le monde physique en utilisant un simulateur ?

Dans le contexte d’une exposition pour jeunes enfants à la Cité des sciences et de l’industrie, deux études ont été réalisées avec l’objectif d’évaluer si l’utilisation d’un dispositif multimédia simulant des mélanges de couleurs leur permet ultérieurement de réaliser les mélanges appropriés pour obtenir des couleurs déterminées. La première étude a porté sur vingt enfants âgés de 2 ans et 6 mois à 5 ans et 6 mois observés dans un contexte expérimental de manipulation, sous la conduite d’un tuteur expert. Les analyses conduites, visant à cerner l’âge à partir duquel les enfants sont capables de mettre en oeuvre des procédures acquises au moyen du simulateur dans des conditions favorables d’accompagnement, mettent en évidence que pour le domaine de connaissance considéré, l’âge de 4 ans semble constituer un palier. La seconde étude a donc concerné des enfants âgés d’au moins 4 ans (vingt-cinq au total) observés dans le contexte habituel d’utilisation, accompagnés soit d’un parent soit d’un animateur. La comparaison de leurs conduites à un prétest et à un posttest (tâche de coloriage avec des objets matériels) a permis d’évaluer l’apport de l’usage du simulateur. Les résultats montrent que celui-ci peut permettre l’acquisition de connaissances sur le monde physique, mais que le rôle de l’adulte qui exerce le tutorat reste déterminant pour les enfants de moins de 5 ans

Impact of extramedullary disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: a study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

We investigated extramedullary disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and its impact on outcome following first-line autologous stem cell transplantation. We identified 3744 adult myeloma patients who received up-front single (n=3391) or tandem transplantation (n=353) between 2005 and 2014 with available data on extramedullary involvement at diagnosis. The overall incidence of extramedullary disease was 18.2% (n=682) and increased per year from 6.5% (2005) to 23.7% (2014). Paraskeletal involvement was found in 543 (14.5%) and extramedullary organ involvement in 139 (3.7%). More patients with extramedullary organ involvement had multiple involved sites (>= 2; P<0.001). In a comparison of patients with single sites with patients without the disease, up-front transplantation resulted in at least similar 3-year progression-free survival (paraskeletal: P=0.86, and extramedullary organ: P=0.88). In single paraskeletal involvement, this translated less clearly into worse 3-year overall survival (P=0.07) while single organ involvement was significantly worse (P=0.001). Multiple organ sites were associated with worse outcome (P<0.001 and P=0.01). First-line treatment with tandem compared with single transplantation resulted in similar survival in patients with extramedullary disease at diagnosis (P=0.13 for both)

Impact of extramedullary disease in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: A study from the Chronic Malignancies Working Party of the EBMT

We investigated extramedullary disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and its impact on outcome following first line autologous stem cell transplantation. We identified 3744 adult myeloma patients who received upfront single (n = 3391) or tandem transplantation (n = 353) between 2005 and 2014 with available data on extramedullary in-volvement at diagnosis. The overall incidence of extramedullary disease was 18.2% (n = 682) and increased per year from 6.5% (2005) to 23.7% (2014). Paraskeletal involvement was found in 543 (14.5%) and extramedullary organ involvement in 139 (3.7%) while the majority of 3062 (81.8%) patients had no extramedullary disease. More patients with extramedul-lary organ involvement had multiple involved sites (>/=2;) (p < 0.001). In patients with single sites compared to patients without the disease, upfront transplantation resulted in at least similar 3-year progression-free survival (paraskeletal: p = 0.86, and extramedullary organ: p = 0.88). In single paraskeletal involvement, this translated less clearly into 3-year overall survival (p = 0.07) while single organ involvement was significantly worse (p = 0.001). Multiple organ sites were associated with worse outcome (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01). First line treatment with tandem compared with single transplantation resulted in similar survival in patients with extramedullary disease at diagnosis (p = 0.13, respectively)

Exome sequencing identifies germline variants in DIS3 in familial multiple myeloma

[Excerpt] Multiple myeloma (MM) is the third most common hematological malignancy, after Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Leukemia. MM is generally preceded by Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) [1], and epidemiological studies have identified older age, male gender, family history, and MGUS as risk factors for developing MM [2]. The somatic mutational landscape of sporadic MM has been increasingly investigated, aiming to identify recurrent genetic events involved in myelomagenesis. Whole exome and whole genome sequencing studies have shown that MM is a genetically heterogeneous disease that evolves through accumulation of both clonal and subclonal driver mutations [3] and identified recurrently somatically mutated genes, including KRAS, NRAS, FAM46C, TP53, DIS3, BRAF, TRAF3, CYLD, RB1 and PRDM1 [3,4,5]. Despite the fact that family-based studies have provided data consistent with an inherited genetic susceptibility to MM compatible with Mendelian transmission [6], the molecular basis of inherited MM predisposition is only partly understood. Genome-Wide Association (GWAS) studies have identified and validated 23 loci significantly associated with an increased risk of developing MM that explain ~16% of heritability [7] and only a subset of familial cases are thought to have a polygenic background [8]. Recent studies have identified rare germline variants predisposing to MM in KDM1A [9], ARID1A and USP45 [10], and the implementation of next-generation sequencing technology will allow the characterization of more such rare variants. [...]French National Cancer Institute (INCA) and the Fondation Française pour la Recherche contre le Myélome et les Gammapathies (FFMRG), the Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome (IFM), NCI R01 NCI CA167824 and a generous donation from Matthew Bell. This work was supported in part through the computational resources and staff expertise provided by Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Research reported in this paper was supported by the Office of Research Infrastructure of the National Institutes of Health under award number S10OD018522. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the Association des Malades du Myélome Multiple (AF3M) for their continued support and participation. Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organizatio

Baron (G.-L.), Bruillard (E.). — L'informatique et ses usagers dans l'éducation

Caillot Michel. Baron (G.-L.), Bruillard (E.). — L'informatique et ses usagers dans l'éducation. In: Revue française de pédagogie, volume 120, 1997. Penser la pédagogie. pp. 153-154

Baron (G.-L.), Bruillard (E.). — L'informatique et ses usagers dans l'éducation

Caillot Michel. Baron (G.-L.), Bruillard (E.). — L'informatique et ses usagers dans l'éducation. In: Revue française de pédagogie, volume 120, 1997. Penser la pédagogie. pp. 153-154

Sciences, techniques et pratiques professionnelles

Caillot Michel. Sciences, techniques et pratiques professionnelles. In: Aster, recherches en didactique des sciences expérimentales, n°34, 2002. Sciences, techniques et pratiques professionnelles. pp. 3-8