Penggunaan YOLOv8 untuk Deteksi Penyakit Daun Kopi

Salah satu hasil perkebunan dengan peranan cukup penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia adalah kopi. Tapi, produksi kopi di Indonesia mengalami penurunan, dimana salah satu penyebabnya adalah serangan hama dan penyakit. Kecerdasan buatan dapat menjadi solusi untuk membantu petani mendeteksi penyakit pada tanaman kopi dengan menggunakan algoritma deteksi objek. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma deteksi objek YOLOv8 untuk melakukan deteksi pada keadaan dan penyakit daun tanaman kopi yang dibagi ke dalam empat klasifikasi, yaitu miner, rust, phoma dan healthy. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga skenario percobaan yang dibedakan dengan berdasarkan pada perbandingan pembagian data pada train set, validation set, dan test set, dimana secara berurutan dari train, validation, dan test, skenario pertama memiliki perbandingan 80:10:10, skenario kedua 70:15:15, dan skenario ketiga 70:20:10. Proses penelitian menggunakan model YOLOv8s mendapatkan model dengan hasil performa terbaik pada perbandingan data 70% train set, 20% validation set, dan 10% test set. Model dengan performa terbaik memiliki nilai mAP sebesar 97,8%, precision 95,2%, recall 96,6%, dan f1-score 96%.One of the products of plantation with a significant role in economic activities in Indonesia is coffee. But, coffee production in Indonesia is experienced a decline, where one of the causes is pest and disease attacks. Artificial intelligence can be a solution to help farmers detect diseases in coffee plants using object detection algorithm. This research uses the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm to carry out detection of the state and diseases of coffee plant leaves which are divided into four classifications, namely miner, rust, phoma and healthy. The research was conducted in three experimental scenarios which were differentiated based on a comparison of data distribution in the train set, validation set, and test set, where in sequence of train, validation, and test, the first scenario had a comparison of 80:10:10, the second scenario 70: 15:15, and third scenario 70:20:10. The research process using the YOLOv8s model got a model with the best performance results in data comparison of 70% train set, 20% validation set, and 10% test set. The best performing model has a mAP value of 97.8%, precision 95.2%, recall 96.6%, and f1-score 96%

Overcoming the caking phenomenon in olive mill wastes

The use of olive mill wastes (orujillo) within coal fired power stations in the UK has led to unexpected difficulties with material caking within the fuel handling plant. This study replicated orujillo caking on a laboratory scale using a planetary ball mill and explored the impact of mill parameters (speed, volume, and duration) on the caking phenomenon. The impact of orujillo composition was examined for 4 sections of fresh and dried orujillo (whole, pulp 0-850 µm, pulp 850-3350 µm, and cluster 3350 µm+) for set milling conditions. Caking was induced by heat generation within the mill and was most prevalent in the pulp section of orujillo. Caking was brought on by a glass transition step, which was measured to be around 97-98 °C for a moisture content of 6-7% in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Caking was the result of the bulk moisture content (14-18%) being higher than the standard moisture content of orujillo (< 12%), and can be mitigated through drying. Thus the key to overcoming orujillo caking in fuel handling plants is through moisture content control. Additionally, as the caking issue is most prevalent in the pulp section, all fines below the required combustion particle size (typically < 1 mm) should be removed prior to comminution and sent directly to the burner. This would also reduce the comminution load by nearly 50%, increase the energy potential of the fuel, and remove the most problematic section of orujillo from the fuel handling plant

Benefits of dry comminution of biomass pellets in a knife mill

The potential benefits of dry comminution in a knife mill for a diverse range of biomass 6 pellets are explored. The impact of dry comminution on energy consumption, particle size and shape, 7 is examined as well as the link between milling and mechanical durability. Biomass pellet comminution 8 energy was significantly lower (19.3-32.5 kW h t-1 [fresh] and 17.8-23.2 kW h t-1 [dry]) than values 9 reported in literature for non-densified biomass in similar knife mills. The impact of drying was found 10 to vary by feedstock. Dry grinding reduced milling energy by 38% for mixed wood pellets, but only 2% 11 for steam exploded pellets. Particle size and shape, particle distribution dispersion, and distribution 12 shape parameters changes between fresh and dry milling were also material dependent. Von Rittinger 13 analysis showed that to maximise mill throughput, pellets should be composed of particles which can 14 pass through the screen and thus have a neutral size change. A strong correlation was found between 15 pellet durability and energy consumption for fresh biomass pellets. Dry grinding has the potential to 16 significantly reduce energy consumption without compromising the product particle size, as well as 17 enhancing product quality and optimising biomass pellet comminution and combustion

ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI STREPTOCOCCUS SUIS BERDASARKAN SIFAT BIAKAN DAN GAMBARAN SIFAT BIOKIMIAWI YANG BERASAL DARI BABI PADA PETERNAKAN BABI DAN RUMAH POTONG HEWAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya kuman Streptococcus suis pada bahi dengan mengetahui gambaran sifat -sifat biokimiawi isolat sampel yang dicurigai sebagai S. suis. Selain menyebabkan penyakit pada babi dan hewan lain, S. suis juga menyebabkan penyakit zoonosis pada manusia. Sebanyak 40 usapan saluran pernafasan atas dan mukosa vagina babi sehat dipakai sebagai sampeJ. Masing-masing 20 sampel dari peternakan babi dan 20 sampel dari babi potong di rumah potong hewan. Sebagai kontrol digunakan tiga kultur standar dari S. suis. Empatpuluh sampel diinokulasi pada media Agar darah merah domba dalam suasana aerob dan mikroaerob. Hasil dari inokulasi isolat sampel menunjukkan lebih banyak a. hemolitik dan ~ hemolitik, demikian juga didapat hasil yang sarna dari inokulasi kultur standar S. suis

SemUV: Deep Learning based semantic manipulation over UV texture map of virtual human heads

Designing and manipulating virtual human heads is essential across various applications, including AR, VR, gaming, human-computer interaction and VFX. Traditional graphic-based approaches require manual effort and resources to achieve accurate representation of human heads. While modern deep learning techniques can generate and edit highly photorealistic images of faces, their focus remains predominantly on 2D facial images. This limitation makes them less suitable for 3D applications. Recognizing the vital role of editing within the UV texture space as a key component in the 3D graphics pipeline, our work focuses on this aspect to benefit graphic designers by providing enhanced control and precision in appearance manipulation. Research on existing methods within the UV texture space is limited, complex, and poses challenges. In this paper, we introduce SemUV: a simple and effective approach using the FFHQ-UV dataset for semantic manipulation directly within the UV texture space. We train a StyleGAN model on the publicly available FFHQ-UV dataset, and subsequently train a boundary for interpolation and semantic feature manipulation. Through experiments comparing our method with 2D manipulation technique, we demonstrate its superior ability to preserve identity while effectively modifying semantic features such as age, gender, and facial hair. Our approach is simple, agnostic to other 3D components such as structure, lighting, and rendering, and also enables seamless integration into standard 3D graphics pipelines without demanding extensive domain expertise, time, or resources.Comment: CVIP 2024 Preprin

Design of Metal Insulator Metal based Square Ring Resonator Plasmonic Filter using Silica Slits for Dual Band Applications

890-893In this paper, Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) based dual-band plasmonic bandpass filters (BPF) with single and dual silica slits design and analysis is presented. The Square Ring Resonator (SRR) is coupled using Coupled feed line for dual-band operations. The coupled feed line is used for dual-band operating wavelengths, 1300 nm (230.6 THz) and 1600 nm (187.37 THz). Design and simulations are performed using complex electromagnetic simulatorknown as computer simulation technology (CST) microwave tool. The proposed filters are used for plasmonic single and dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) applications in photonic integrated circuits (PIC’s)

INTEGRATED HEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY: WHY AND HOW?

Integrated service delivery is an approach of combining services of multiple interrelated diseases to increase overall efficiency of the health system and patient convenience. Experiences across the globe have demonstrated benefits from integration of health services. Capacity building, sensitization, ownership, and commitment among stakeholders and up-gradation of health system are keys to success in delivering integrated services. However, integration is challenging and has no one-size-fits-all strategy. Chronic problems of health system related to human resource, infrastructure and supply chain management hinder integration

Quality assurance and quality improvement using supportive supervision in a large-scale STI intervention with sex workers, men who have sex with men/transgenders and injecting-drug users in India

Background: Documentation of the long-term impact of supportive supervision using a monitoring tool in STI intervention with sex workers, men who have sex with men and injection-drug users is limited. The authors report methods and results of continued quality monitoring in a large-scale STI services provided as a part of a broader HIV-prevention package in six Indian states under Avahan, the India AIDS Initiative. Methodology: Guidelines and standards for STI services, and a supportive supervisory tool to monitor the quality were developed for providing technical support to STI component of large-scale HIV-prevention intervention through 372 project-supported STI clinics. The tool contained 80 questions to track the quality of STI services provided on a five-point scoring scale in five performance areas: coverage, quality of clinic and services, referral networks, community involvement and technical support. Results: The tool was applied to different STI clinics during supportive supervision visits conducted once in every 3 months to assess quality, give immediate feedback and develop a quality score. A total of 292 clinics managed by seven lead implementing partners in six Indian states were covered in 15 quarters over 45 months. Overall quality indicators for the five performance areas showed a three- to sevenfold improvement over the period. Conclusion: It was possible to improve quality over the long-term in STI interventions for sex workers, men who have sex with men and injection-drug users using an interactive and comprehensive supportive supervision tool which gives on-the-spot feedback. However, such an effort is time-consuming and resource-intensive, and needs a structured approach

A molecular switch in mouse CD1d modulates natural killer T cell activation by α-galactosylsphingamides

Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells are a population of innate like T lymphocytes that rapidly respond to α-GalCer presented by CD1d via the production of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. While developing novel α-GalCer analogs that were meant to be utilized as potential adjuvants because of their production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Th1 skewers), we generated α-galactosylsphingamides (αGSA). Surprisingly, αGSAs are not potent antigens in vivo despite their strong T-cell receptor (TCR)–binding affinities. Here, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), antigen presentation assays, and X-ray crystallography (yielding crystal structures of 19 different binary (CD1d-glycolipid) or ternary (CD1d-glycolipid-TCR) complexes at resolutions between 1.67 and 2.85 Å), we characterized the biochemical and structural details of αGSA recognition by murine NKT cells. We identified a molecular switch within murine (m)CD1d that modulates NKT cell activation by αGSAs. We found that the molecular switch involves a hydrogen bond interaction between Tyr-73 of mCD1d and the amide group oxygen of αGSAs. We further established that the length of the acyl chain controls the positioning of the amide group with respect to the molecular switch and works synergistically with Tyr-73 to control NKT cell activity. In conclusion, our findings reveal important mechanistic insights into the presentation and recognition of glycolipids with polar moieties in an otherwise apolar milieu. These observations may inform the development αGSAs as specific NKT cell antagonists to modulate immune responses

Reducing AIDS-related stigma and discrimination in Indian hospitals

People living with HIV/AIDS in India, as elsewhere, face stigma and discrimination in a variety of contexts. Research in India has shown that stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive people and those perceived to be infected are common in hospitals and act as barriers to seeking and receiving critical treatment and care services. Recognizing the need to move beyond documentation of the problem, three New Delhi hospitals; SHARAN, an Indian NGO; and the Horizons program, with support from the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), carried out an operations research project to develop and test responses to hospital-based stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS. This report presents the findings which noted that despite variation among the hospitals in their action plan accomplishments, overall the intervention process was associated with improvements among healthcare workers in HIV knowledge, attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS, and certain practices with respect to HIV counseling and testing and confidentiality