P5_7 Fire Cannot Kill a Dragon

In Game of Thrones there is a legend that states that there used to be two moons in the sky, one of which was a dragon egg. This then hatched when it got too close to the sun, leaving only one moon in the sky. We have calculated the intensity of fire in the show as we are assuming that fire on Earth is not an accurate representation. This intensity was found to be 195 kW m^−2 . Using this as the intensity that is required to hatch a dragon egg, it was found the dragon egg moon would have to have an orbital radius of 137 x 10^6 km around Earth to experience the same intensity from the Sun. In order for the dragon egg to appear the same size as the moon at this distance it requires a radius of 5.81 x 10^5 km

P5_1 Squashing Slitheen

To disguise themselves on Earth, Raxacoricofallapatorians hid in suits of human skin using a compression field worn around their necks. Over time, developments in their technology allowed them to fit into average sized humans, as opposed to obese humans used previously. We calculated the pressure exerted on the inside of the skin as 75,000 Pa for an average human and 64,300 Pa for an obese human, both significantly beneath the ultimate tensile strength of human skin. We calculated the force from the compression fields to be 272,000 N and 233,000 N for average and obese humans respectively

P5_2 Praimfaya: The Second Nuclear Apocalypse

 In Season 4 of The 100, all of Earth's unattended nuclear reactors melt within 6 months of each other, rendering the Earth uninhabitable for the second time in the shows history. We produce a model for the rate of decay in Caesium-137 fallout radiation levels. We discover that the total radiation, when averaged over the surface of the Earth, is 4.63 Sv yr-1km-2. We also calculate that it would take 156 years until the Earth's surface reached a safe level of radiation

P5_8 None Like It Hot

In season 4, episode 8 of the science ction series Futurama, `Crimes of the Hot', global warming is reduced in the year 3003 by using the thrust of 1 billion robots to move the Earth further from the Sun [1]. We calculate the distance of the new orbit of Earth, 1.515x10^11m, the temperature change for Earth, 1.708 K, and the amount of energy needed to be generated per robot, 6.480x10^22J

P5_3 Prince Pondicherry and the Chocolate Palace

Prince Pondicherry of India, from the book Charlie and the Chocolate Factory [1], ordered a huge palace to be created for him made entirely out of chocolate, but soon after it was completed the entire palace melted around him due to the heat of the sun. We calculated that during May when the sun over India is hottest, the palace would have reached its melting point by 12:00, a little more than 6 hours after sunrise, but it would take approximately two days to melt entirely

P5_5 Hidden in Plain Sight

In the opening episode of Star Trek Discovery; A Vulcan Hello, the USS Shenzhou detected an unknown object. Upon further investigation it was unable to be identified due to a scattering field. In this paper we calculate the angular resolution of the ships optical systems without electronic assistance and therefore the diameter of aperture that would give this resolution. We found the diameter of the aperture to be 2.10 mm therefore without electronic assistance the ship should still have been able to clearly observe the object

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research