Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Hindistan Botanik Bahçesi'nin (Howrah, Batı Bengal, Hindistan) farklı yaşam alanı mozaiklerinde karınca türlerinin çeşitliliği

Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) occupy a wide range of ecological niches and exploit various food resources either as herbivores or as predators or scavengers. This study establishes the diversity of ants in an ex-situ conservation site dedicated for plants known as Indian Botanical garden situated amidst a congested city. It also documents the relation of ant community structure with different habitat mosaics present within this protected area. For this study pit fall trap was used as collection method and amalgamated within quadrat sampling (total 16 quadrats and each quadrat contains 9 pit fall traps placed uniformly) distributed in four different habitats and repeated in two consecutive months. All the specimens were collected, preserved and identified meticulously. Total 27 species of ants from 19 genera and 6 subfamilies are documented from the whole study area. This study also reflects differences in diversity among the habitats. Among different habitats present in the Indian Botanic Garden, ‘Garden-Nurseries’ (Shannon_H =2.214 and Simpson_1-D=0.8333) and ‘Wild Bushes and Tree groves’ (Shannon_H =2.105 and Simpson_1-D=0.8182) are two most diverse habitats and ‘Open scrubland with grasses’ is the most dominant one (Dominance_D = 0.4354, Berger-Parker = 0.6512, Shannon_H =1.521 and Simpson_1-D=0.5646). This study clearly gives an idea about the community structure of the ants and reflects its relation with the habitats in a man-made ex-situ conservation site which establish the stability and conditions of this ecosystem.Karıncalar (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) çok çeşitli ekolojik nişlere sahiptir ve otçul ya da yırtıcı ya da temizleyici olarak çeşitli gıda kaynaklarından yararlanır. Bu çalışma, sıkışık bir şehrin ortasında yer alan Hint Botanik bahçesi olarak bilinen bitkiler için ayrılmış ex-situ bir koruma alanındaki karınca çeşitliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışma karınca topluluğu yapısının bu korunan alanda bulunan farklı habitat mozaikleriyle ilişkisini belgelemektedir. Bu çalışma için toplama yöntemi olarak çukur düşme tuzağı kullanılmıştır ve dört farklı habitatta dağıtılan ve birbirini takip eden iki ay içinde tekrarlanan kuadrat örneklemesi (toplam 16 kuadrat ve her kuadrat muntazam yerleştirilmiş 9 çukur düşme tuzağı içermektedir) içinde birleştirilmiştir. Tüm örnekler toplanmış, korunmuş ve titizlikle tanımlanmıştır. Tüm çalışma alanından 19 cins ve 6 alt aileden toplam 27 karınca türü belgelenmiştir. Bu çalışma aynı zamanda habitatlar arasındaki çeşitlilik farklılıklarını da yansıtmaktadır. Hint Botanik Bahçesi'nde bulunan farklı habitatlar arasında 'Bahçe-Fidanlık' (Shannon_H = 2.214 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.8333) ve 'Yabani Çalılar ve Ağaç Bahçeleri' (Shannon_H = 2.105 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.8182) en çeşitli iki habitattır ve 'otlu açık çalılık alanı' en baskın olanıdır (Dominance_D = 0.4354, Berger-Parker = 0.6512, Shannon_H = 1.521 ve Simpson_1-D = 0.5646). Bu çalışma, karıncaların toplum yapısı hakkında açıkça bir fikir vermektedir ve bu ekosistemin istikrarını ve koşullarını oluşturan insan yapımı bir exsitu koruma alanındaki habitatlarla ilişkisini yansıtmaktadır

Survey of Bare Active Galactic Nuclei in the local universe (z < 0.2): I. On the origin of Soft-Excess

We analyse a sample of 21 `bare' Seyfert~1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs), a sub-class of Seyfert~1s, with intrinsic absorption $\mathrm{N_{H}} \sim 10^{20}~ \mathrm{cm}^{-2}$, in the local universe (z $<$ 0.2) using {\it XMM-Newton} and {\it Swift}/XRT observations. The luminosities of the primary continuum, the X-ray emission in the 3 to 10 keV energy range and the soft-excess, the excess emission that appears above the low-energy extrapolation of the power-law fit of 3 to 10 keV X-ray spectra, are calculated. Our spectral analysis reveals that the long-term intrinsic luminosities of the soft-excess and the primary continuum are tightly correlated $(L_{PC}\propto L_{SE}^{1.1\pm0.04})$. We also found that the luminosities are correlated for each source. This result suggests that both the primary continuum and soft excess emissions exhibit a dependency on the accretion rate in a similar way.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement Series, 37 pages, 12 figures 5 table

Coronal Properties of Low-Accreting AGNs using Swift, XMM-Newton and NuSTAR Observations

We studied the broadband X-ray spectra of {\it Swift}/BAT selected low-accreting AGNs using the observations from {\it XMM-Newton}, {\it Swift}, and {\it NuSTAR} in the energy range of $0.5-150$~keV. Our sample consists of 30 AGNs with Eddington ratio, $\lambda_{\rm Edd}<10^{-3}$. We extracted several coronal parameters from the spectral modelling, such as the photon index, hot electron plasma temperature, cutoff energy, and optical depth. We tested whether there exists any correlation/anti-correlation among different spectral parameters. We observe that the relation of hot electron temperature with the cutoff energy in the low accretion domain is similar to what is observed in the high accretion domain. We did not observe any correlation between the Eddington ratio and the photon index. We studied the compactness-temperature diagram and found that the cooling process for extremely low-accreting AGNs is complex. The jet luminosity is calculated from the radio flux, and observed to be related to the bolometric luminosity as $L_{\rm jet} \propto L_{\rm bol}^{0.7}$, which is consistent with the standard radio-X-ray correlation.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe