196 research outputs found

    Det gĂŠldsatte menneske: GĂŠld og gĂŠldsathed i det neoliberale paradigme

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    Denne artikel analyserer en idealtype i det neoliberale paradigme, som har prĂŠget verdensordenen siden slutningen af 1970’erne: skyldneren – det gĂŠldsatte menneske. Artiklen beskriver fĂžrst gĂŠld som historisk fĂŠnomen og afdĂŠkker de forskellige filosofisk/teoretiske og Ăžkonomiske tilgange til gĂŠld og gĂŠldsathed. DernĂŠst undersĂžger artiklen udviklingen i uddannelsesfinansiering og studiegĂŠld i USA og Storbritannien fra efterkrigstiden og frem til i dag, med fokus pĂ„ den neoliberale vending i 1970’erne og 1980’erne. Overordner viser artiklen, at gĂŠld er et ĂŠldgammelt kulturelt fĂŠnomen, som er blevet et sĂŠrlig centralt samfundsmĂŠssigt fĂŠnomen i finansialiseringens tidsalder. Samtidig forsĂžger artiklen via den empiriske case om studiegĂŠld at tilbagevise det neoliberale lĂžfte: ”Everyone a shareholder, everyone an owner” ved at argumentere for, at gĂŠld og gĂŠldsathed er hĂŠmmende for social mobilitet og samfundsmĂŠssig lighed

    Evidence-based bruk av antihistaminer ved allergisk rhinitt

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    Denne artikkel er et studie basert pÄ evidence-based litteratur om behandlingen av allergisk rhinitt (AR). Fokuset rettes mot bruken av antihistaminer og hvilke som ses mest kostnadseffektive. Jeg fant ut at guidelines anbefaler andregenerasjons -antihistaminer fremfor fÞrstegenerasjons-antihistaminer. Nasale steroider ses imidlertid Ä vÊre den mest effektive behandlingen ved AR. Til sammen utgjÞr de fÞrstevalg av terapi der nyere antihistaminer brukes ved milde- moderate symptomer, og som tilleggsbehandling til nasale kortikosteroider nÄr symptomene blir mer langvarige og alvorlige. Det er innfÞrt et vedtak (1. mai 2006) om foretrukne antihistaminer (cetirizin og loratadin) av statens legemiddelverk. Ordningen omfatter alle forhÄndsrefunderte annengenerasjons antihistaminer pÄ det norske markedet, nÊrmere bestemt prepareter med virkestoffene; cetirizin, loratadin, ebastin, feksofenadin og desloratadin. Bakgrunnen for innfÞringen av en foretrukket legemiddelordning (FLMO) i denne legemiddelgruppen var store prisforskjeller mellom de ulike virkestoffene. Man hÄpet Ä kunne redusere kostnadene assosiert til AR. Ordningen er oppe til revurdering hvert Är. Det er fortsatt ikke funnet et svar pÄ hva som vil vÊre den mest kostnadseffektive lÞsningen for enkeltindivider sÄ vel som for samfunnet som helhet. Problemene med Ä oppnÄ en best mulig kostnadseffektiv terapi og livskvalitet hos pasientene ligger i at det foreligger forskjeller blant legemidlene sÄ vel som at pasienter har ulike effekter av preparatene. I tillegg forekommer ofte komorbide tilstander (viktigst astma), noe som kan gi et uklart sykdomsbilde. Dessuten varierer oppfatningen av egen sykdom og forventningene til behandlingsresultatet individuelt

    Modelling of a dynamic multiphase flash: the positive flash. Application to the calculation of ternary diagrams

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    A general and polyvalent model for the dynamic simulation of a vapor, liquid, liquid-liquid, vapor-liquid or vapor-liquid-liquid stage is proposed. This model is based on the -method introduced as a minimization problem by Han & Rangaiah (1998) for steady-state simulation. They suggested modifying the mole fraction summation such that the same set of governing equations becomes valid for all phase regions. Thanks to judicious additional switch equations, the -formulation is extended to dynamic simulation and the minimization problem is transformed into a set of differential algebraic equations (DAE). Validation of the model consists in testing its capacity to overcome phase number changes and to be able to solve several problems with the same set of equations: calculation of heterogeneous residue curves, azeotropic points and distillation boundaries in ternary diagrams

    Chemoselective reactions of dimethyl carbonate catalysed by alkali metal exchanged faujasites: the case of indolyl carboxylic acids and indolyl substituted alkyl carboxylic acids

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    At 160–180 uC, in the presence of alkali metal exchanged faujasites (MX or MY; M = Li, Na, K), the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with indolyl-3-acetic, -3-propionic, and -3-butyric acids proceeds towards the formation of the corresponding methyl esters or carbamate esters which can be isolated in 93–99% yields. The methylation of the indolyl-NH group is never observed. This high chemoselectivity is driven by the nature of the catalyst and the reaction temperature. In particular, among the six different zeolites used, the more basic MX faujasites show better performances in terms of both activity and selectivity than MY solids. A similar trend also holds for the reaction of dimethyl carbonate with indolyl-carboxylic acids, where MX compounds are still efficient catalysts for the formation of methyl esters. In this case, however, the overall reactivity/selectivity also reflects the relative positions of the NH and CO2H groups which may account for significant decarboxylation reactions observed for indolyl acids substituted at positions 2 and 3. This process is totally absent for indolyl-6-carboxylic acid

    Enhancements of Lift-and-Project Cuts

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    In a recent paper [4] Balas, Ceria and Cornuejoels provided computational results that their Lift-and-Project method [3] successfully solved a series of pure and mixed 0-1 benchmark programs and performed on the average better than several commercial general mixed integer optimization packages existing at the time. The Lift-and-Project approach uses a linear programming formulation derived by imposing the 0/1 condition on a single variable. By solving a cut generating linear program (CGLP) derived from this formulation a "deepest cut" is obtained. The size of this CGLP is roughly twice the size of the LP formulation underlying the mixed 0-1 program. Hence it requires a lot of effort to find such a "deepest cut". Our interest in this project is to examine the possibility of exploiting the CGLP after the first expensive cut has been found, to cheaply generate additional cuts. We are looking at sets of cuts which will have the property that they are essential to consolidate an..

    Samtalen i psykoterapi

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