Міждисциплінарні зв’язки у вивченні виховання дітей давніх східних слов’ян

(uk) У статті аналізуються зв’язки археології і етнографії у вивченні давніх періодів виховання дітей. Показані приклади міждисциплінарних зв’язків у вивченні дитячих ігор та іграшок східних слов’ян.(ru) В статье анализируются связи археологии и этнографии в изучении давних периодов воспитания детей. Показаны примеры междисциплинарных связей в изучении детских игор и игрушек восточных словян

Антипсихотические лекарственные средства. Риск развития экстрапирамидных нарушений и/или абстинентного синдрома у новорожденных, матери которых принимали вышеуказанные лекарственные средства в течение третьего триместра беременности

ЛЕКАРСТВАТРАНКВИЛИЗАТОРЫ БОЛЬШИ

Способ профилактики и лечения послеоперационного гипотиреоза путем аутотрансплантации ткани щитовидной железы

Мета роботи - розробка ефективного способу хірургічного лікування й профілактики післяопераційного гіпотиреозу. Запропоновано спосіб профілактики та лікування післяопераційного гіпотиреозу методом аутотрансплантації щитоподібної залози. Наведені результати демонструють простоту, доступність і безпеку цього методу. Результати та обговорення. Ступінь гормональної компенсації після тиреоїдєктомії з аутотрансплантацією тиреоїдної тканини залежить від загальної маси аутографа, ваги пацієнта. Лікування післяопераційного гіпотиреозу методом аутотрансплантації оксігенованої тиреоїдної тканини щитоподібної залози є ефективним, простим, легким у виконанні, економічно доступним та доцільним.The aim - is to develop an affective method of surgical treatment of a postoperation hypothyroidism. Material and methods. The method of prophylaxis and treatment of a hypothyroidism by autotransplantation of a thyroid tissue worked out. For correction of postsurgical hypothyroidism the autotransplantation of oxygenated thyroid gland was performed with the following clinical-laboratory dynamics. Good results after autotransplantation of a thyroid tissue demonstrate the the simplicity,availability,safety and cheapness of this method of prophylaxis and treatment of a postoperation hypothyroidism. Completeness of hormonal compensation after thyroidectomy with autotransplantation of a thyroid tissue depends on weight of autografts, body weight of patient. Treatment of postoperation hypothyroidism by autotransplantation of a thyroid tissue is effective, simple, easy implemented and cost effective

COVID-19 preparedness and perceived safety in nursing homes in Southern Portugal: A cross-sectional survey-based study in the initial phases of the Pandemic

(1) Background: Nursing homes’ preparedness in managing a public health emergency has been poor, with effects on safety culture. The objective of this study was to assess nursing homes’ COVID-19 preparedness in southern Portugal, including staff’s work experiences during the pandemic. (2) Methods: We used a COVID-19 preparedness checklist to be completed by management teams, followed by follow-up calls to nursing homes. Thereafter, a survey of staff was applied. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and thematic analysis of open-end questions. (3) Results: In total, 71% (138/195) of eligible nursing homes returned the preparedness checklist. We conducted 83 follow-up calls and received 720 replies to the staff survey. On average, 25% of nursing homes did not have an adequate decision-making structure to respond to the pandemic. Outbreak capacity and training were areas for improvement among nursing homes’ contingency plans. We identified teamwork as an area of strength for safety culture, whereas compliance with procedures and nonpunitive response to mistakes need improvement. (4) Conclusions: To strengthen how nursing homes cope with upcoming phases of the COVID-19 pandemic or future public health emergencies, nursing homes’ preparedness and safety culture should be fostered and closely monitored.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The european primary care monitor: structure, process and outcome indicators

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Scientific research has provided evidence on benefits of well developed primary care systems. The relevance of some of this research for the European situation is limited.</p> <p>There is currently a lack of up to date comprehensive and comparable information on variation in development of primary care, and a lack of knowledge of structures and strategies conducive to strengthening primary care in Europe. The EC funded project Primary Health Care Activity Monitor for Europe (PHAMEU) aims to fill this gap by developing a Primary Care Monitoring System (PC Monitor) for application in 31 European countries. This article describes the development of the indicators of the PC Monitor, which will make it possible to create an alternative model for holistic analyses of primary care.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic review of the primary care literature published between 2003 and July 2008 was carried out. This resulted in an overview of: (1) the dimensions of primary care and their relevance to outcomes at (primary) health system level; (2) essential features per dimension; (3) applied indicators to measure the features of primary care dimensions. The indicators were evaluated by the project team against criteria of relevance, precision, flexibility, and discriminating power. The resulting indicator set was evaluated on its suitability for Europe-wide comparison of primary care systems by a panel of primary care experts from various European countries (representing a variety of primary care systems).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The developed PC Monitor approaches primary care in Europe as a multidimensional concept. It describes the key dimensions of primary care systems at three levels: structure, process, and outcome level. On structure level, it includes indicators for governance, economic conditions, and workforce development. On process level, indicators describe access, comprehensiveness, continuity, and coordination of primary care services. On outcome level, indicators reflect the quality, and efficiency of primary care.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A standardized instrument for describing and comparing primary care systems has been developed based on scientific evidence and consensus among an international panel of experts, which will be tested to all configurations of primary care in Europe, intended for producing comparable information. Widespread use of the instrument has the potential to improve the understanding of primary care delivery in different national contexts and thus to create opportunities for better decision making.</p

Application of Fickian and non-Fickian diffusion models to study moisture diffusion in asphalt mastics

The objective of this study was to investigate certain aspects of asphalt mastic moisture diffusion characteristics in order to better understand the moisture damage phenomenon in asphalt mixtures. Moisture sorption experiments were conducted on four asphalt mastics using an environmental chamber capable of automatically controlling both relative humidity (85 %) and temperature (23 °C). The four mastics tested were identical in terms of bitumen type (40/60 pen), bitumen amount (25 % by of wt% total mix), mineral filler amount (25 % by wt%) and fine aggregate amount (50 % by wt%). The materials differed in terms of mineral filler type (granite or limestone) and fine aggregate type (granite or limestone). Preliminary data obtained during the early part of the study showed certain anomalous behavior of the materials including geometry (thickness)-dependent diffusion coefficient. It was therefore decided to investigate some aspects related to moisture diffusion in mastics by applying the Fickian and two non-Fickian (anomalous) diffusion models to the moisture sorption data. The two non-Fickian models included a two-phase Langmuir-type model and a two-parameter time-variable model. All three models predicted moisture diffusion in mastics extremely well (R 2 > 0.95). The observed variation of diffusion coefficient with thickness was attributed in part to microstructural changes (settlement of the denser fine aggregates near the bottom of the material) during the rather long-duration diffusion testing. This assertion was supported by X-ray computed tomography imaging of the mastic that showed significant accumulation of aggregate particles near the bottom of the sample with time. The results from the Langmuir-type model support a two-phase (free and bound) model for moisture absorbed by asphalt mastic and suggests about 80 % of absorbed water in the free phase remain bound within the mastic. The results also suggest that moisture diffusion in asphalt mastic may be time-dependent with diffusion decreasing by about four times during a typical diffusion test lasting up to 500 h. The study concludes that both geometry and time-dependent physical characteristics of mastic are important factors to consider with respect to moisture diffusion in asphalt mastics

Considering the benefits of asphalt modification using a new technical life cycle assessment framework

Asphalt mixtures properties can be enhanced by modifying it with additives. Even though the immediate benefits of using polymers and waxes to modify the binder properties are rather well documented, the effects of such modification over the lifetime of a road are seldom considered. To investigate this, a newly developed open technical life cycle assessment (LCA) framework was used to determine production energy and emission limits for the asphalt additives. The LCA framework is coupled to a calibrated mechanics based computational framework that predicts the in-time pavement performance. Limits for production energy of wax and polymers were determined for the hypothetical case studies to show how LCA tools can assist the additives manufacturers to modify their production procedures and help road authorities in setting ‘green’ limits to get a real benefit from the additives over the lifetime of a road. From the detailed case-studies, it was concluded that better understanding of materials will lead to enhanced pavement design and could help in the overall reduction of energy usage and emissions. First published online: 02 Sep 201

Unmet medical needs in ambulatory care in Hungary: forgone visits and medications from a representative population survey

Background The objective of this paper is to explore unmet health care needs in Hungary in ambulatory care due to costs and difculties in travelling, and to analyze how unmet needs relate to socio-demographic characteristics. Methods The quantitative analysis is based on a national, representative online survey carried out in Hungary on a sample of 1000 respondents in early 2019 using a proposed set of questions developed by the OECD. We present and compare unmet medical needs in diferent socio-demographic groups, and we use multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the main determinants of unmet medical needs. Results Among responders who had medical problems in the last 12 months, 27.3% reported forgone medical visit due to difculties in travelling, 24.2% had unflled prescription for medicine due to costs, 21.4% reported forgone medical visit or follow-up visit due to costs and 16.6% reported skipped medical test, treatment or other follow-up due to costs. These shares are much higher than presented previously in international databases. The logistic model indicates that respondents were signifcantly more likely to report unmet needs if they were women, younger or belonged to frst and second income quintiles. Conclusions Policy makers need to address the issue of high prevalence of forgone medical care among the Hungarian population to avoid deterioration of population health and inequalities in access. As a frst step, policies should try to decrease fnancial burden of vulnerable groups to improve access

Patient experiences with outpatient care in Hungary: results of an online population survey

Background Health systems are undertaking eforts to make health care more patient centered and value based. To achieve this goal, the use of patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) is increasing, especially across OECD countries. However, in Hungary, data on patients’ experiences are still lacking. Thus, our aim was twofold: frst, to collect data on outpatient experience in Hungary on patient–doctor communication and patient involvement in decision making and compare it with that of other OECD countries; second, to assess associations of outpatient experience with patients’ socioeconomic characteristics. Methods In early 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional, online, self-administered survey in a national representative sample of Hungary’s population (n=1000). The sample was weighted considering gender, age, highest education level attained, type of settlement, and region of residence. The survey questions were based on a set of recommended questions by the OECD. Results Our fndings show that the proportion of reported positive experiences is as follows: doctors providing easy-tounderstand explanations (93.1%) followed by time spent on the consultation (87.5%), opportunities to raise questions (85.8%), and doctors involving patients in decision making about care and treatment (80.1%). The share of positive experiences falls behind OECD’s average regarding patient–doctor communication and patient involvement in decision making, which signals room for improvement in these areas. Conclusions Women, younger people, people with a paid job, and patients with consultations with allied health professionals reported signifcant lesser positive care experiences and, hence, more targeted policies can be initiated based on our fndings