The Emergence of Trade Unionism in the Asian-Owned Sugar Plantations in Kisumu County, Kenya, 1953-1963

The paper examines the emergence of trade unionism in the Asian-owned sugar plantations n Kisumu County of Kenya. The sugar industry has continued to be a major player in the county’s economy to date. The article traces the nascent labour protests and strikes in thesesugar plantations and the impact of these protests and strikes.The working conditions in the Asian-owned sugar plantations were generally poor. However, African labourers never accepted the poor working conditions as a fait accompli. Rather, from the outset they made concerted attempts to ameliorate their working conditions through various methods such as desertion, evasion of harsh employers, strikes and later the formation of trade unions.Material for the article is derived from archival research, oral interviews and analysis of existing works on socio-economic history in general and the labour movement in particular.  It was through the establishment of colonial rule that Kisumu County was incorporated into the World Capitalist System. The paper affirms that labour consciousness in the sugar plantations emerged later compared to the urban workers ostensibly because of the unskilled and unstabilized nature of the labour force. The article concludes that the emergence of the Kenya Union of Sugar Plantation Workers (KUSPW) to some extent led to the improvement of the working conditions. The paper contributes to Kenya’s labour historiography. Key words: Labour protests; migrant labour; plantation; sugar industry; trade unionism.

The Political Economy Of Violence And Insecurity In The Borderlands Of NothernKenya: A Social Cubism Perspective

Since the 1980s, conflicts and violence involving pastoral communities in the borderlands of northern Kenya have become endemic

La Economia Politica De Violencia E Inseguridad En Las Fronteras De Kenia Del Norte: Una Perspectiva Dei Cubismo Social

Desde los afios ochenta, los conflictos y la violencia que implican comunidades pastorales en las fronteras de Kenia del Norte se han hecho end6micos

The Sociology of Insecurity: Cattle Rustling and Banditry in North-Western Kenya

The study analyses new forms of banditry and cattle rustling in north-western Kenya. These phenomena involve both inter and intra-ethnic as well as cross border raids for livestock. The practice is causing great havoc in the area in terms of loss of human lives, destruction of property, stealing of livestock and dislocation of populations. The new forms of violence seem to be the result of multiple cracks in the administrative structures of the state and social norms. The government of Kenya seems to have lost effective control over northwestern Kenya, especially with regard to bandits and cattle rustlers, who have become more militarised and destructive in their operations. The study posits that the roots of these new forms of violence and insecurity can be found in social, cultural, economic, political and  historical factors. The study seeks to establish that banditry and cattle rustling are serious threats to internal security, rule of law and democratic governance, which are so vital for political pluralism in Kenya. It is the understanding of these new  tendencies and their relative importance, amidst challenges of globalisation, which is central to any research on violence, conflict and conflict resolution in Eastern Africa. Part one of the paper provides a historical background of the pastoral economy and cattle rustling since pre-colonial times. Part two discusses the causal factors of new forms of banditry and cattle rustling. Although most of these factors can be traced to the colonial era, the main focus is on the worsening situation in the last twenty years or so. Part three summarises the socio-economic and political impact of banditry and cattle rustling. In the conclusion, the paper provides a compressed discussion and offers some possible solutions to the banditry and cattle rustling menace

PERSEPSI ANGGOTA GEREJA MASEHI ADVENT HARI KETUJUH JEMAAT MANGKUPA KOTA MARUDU, SABAH, MALAYSIA TENTANG IMPLIKASI PERSEMBAHAN KORBAN PAGI DAN PETANG DALAM IBADAH KELUARGA BAGI KEHIDUPAN KRISTEN BERDASARKAN KELUARAN 29:41-42

In this research, author has identified regarded on implications offerings in familyworship on daily Christian life based on Exodus 29:41 – 42 and based on view ofMangkupa Marudu Town, Sabah, Malaysia Seventh – day Adventist (SDA) churchmembers. This Research has four indicators: meaning on theological base on Exodus29:41 – 42; Explaination on offering morning and evening performed during ancientIsraelites; Application offering morning and evening in relevance on family worshipin Christian family and; Adventist view based on Mangkupa church aboutimplications offerings morning and evening in family worship in daily Christian life.This research divided into two main categories: teories and field research. Resultsfrom this research is that application from offerings morning and evening on ancientIsraelites specially on family worship, as far we know that this ceremony refers todaily sacrifice based on Exodus 29:38 – 46, that mentions there is no specific foratonement for sins and only focus on worship of God, professor from United Statesand later become teacher in University Advent Indonesia for many years, Sir RobertL. Hancock said this fact in his syllabus. Offering morning and evening also, thepriest will become representive for all Israelites to bring the sheep to the altar andoffer it to the Lord. Based on EGW writings, applications that can be observed fromthe morning and evening sacrifice ceremony is in the Christian custom of prayer andspiritual songs every day, morning and evening, that is leaded by leader of the familythat is father who lead the family worship. Every family should doing the dailymorning and evening worship that lead into spiritual growth and developmentChristlike. Results from response shows that they agree by interpretation based onquestioner P11 – P15

Implementasi Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology Pada Pembuatan Perangkat Promosi Wisata

Abstract—Artikel ini membahas tentang perbedaan antara multimedia interaktif dan non-interaktif. Multimedia non-interaktif ditampilkan dalam format linier dan pengguna tidak dapat berinteraksi dengan kontennya, sedangkan multimedia interaktif memungkinkan pengguna untuk berinteraksi dan mengontrol cara konten ditampilkan. Dalam pembuatan produk multimedia, developer biasanya mengacu pada dua metode, yaitu Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) dan Multimedia Production Stage (MPS). MSEM (Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology) adalah metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang didesain untuk membantu dalam pembuatan aplikasi multimedia interaktif atau non-interaktif. Studi ini mengkaji manfaat MSEM pada implementasi produk multimedia dengan mempelajari dampak dan manfaat penggunaan MSEM pada perangkat promosi wisata lokal yang memuat multimedia interaktif dan non-interaktif. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan masukan pihak developer multimedia untuk menggunakan MSEM dalam merencanakan dan mengembangkan produk multimedia. Abstrak—This article discusses the difference between interactive and non-interactive multimedia. Non-interactive multimedia is displayed in a linear format and users cannot interact with its content, while interactive multimedia allows users to interact and control the way content is displayed. In the creation of multimedia products, developers usually refer to two methods, the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) and the Multimedia Production Stage (MPS). MSEM (Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology) is a software development method designed to assist in the creation of interactive or non-interactive multimedia applications. This study examines the benefits of MSEM in multimedia product implementation by studying the impact and benefits of using MSEM in promoting local tourism products containing interactive and non-interactive multimedia. The purpose of this research is to provide input for multimedia developers to use MSEM in planning and developing multimedia products. &nbsp

Implementasi Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology Pada Pembuatan Perangkat Promosi Wisata

Abstract—Artikel ini membahas tentang perbedaan antara multimedia interaktif dan non-interaktif. Multimedia non-interaktif ditampilkan dalam format linier dan pengguna tidak dapat berinteraksi dengan kontennya, sedangkan multimedia interaktif memungkinkan pengguna untuk berinteraksi dan mengontrol cara konten ditampilkan. Dalam pembuatan produk multimedia, developer biasanya mengacu pada dua metode, yaitu Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) dan Multimedia Production Stage (MPS). MSEM (Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology) adalah metode pengembangan perangkat lunak yang didesain untuk membantu dalam pembuatan aplikasi multimedia interaktif atau non-interaktif. Studi ini mengkaji manfaat MSEM pada implementasi produk multimedia dengan mempelajari dampak dan manfaat penggunaan MSEM pada perangkat promosi wisata lokal yang memuat multimedia interaktif dan non-interaktif. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan masukan pihak developer multimedia untuk menggunakan MSEM dalam merencanakan dan mengembangkan produk multimedia. Abstrak—This article discusses the difference between interactive and non-interactive multimedia. Non-interactive multimedia is displayed in a linear format and users cannot interact with its content, while interactive multimedia allows users to interact and control the way content is displayed. In the creation of multimedia products, developers usually refer to two methods, the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) and the Multimedia Production Stage (MPS). MSEM (Multimedia Software Engineering Methodology) is a software development method designed to assist in the creation of interactive or non-interactive multimedia applications. This study examines the benefits of MSEM in multimedia product implementation by studying the impact and benefits of using MSEM in promoting local tourism products containing interactive and non-interactive multimedia. The purpose of this research is to provide input for multimedia developers to use MSEM in planning and developing multimedia products. &nbsp

Impact of single amino acid substitutions in Parkinsonism-associated deglycase-PARK7 and their association with Parkinson’s disease

Parkinsonism-associated deglycase-PARK7/DJ-1 (PARK7) is a multifunctional protein having significant roles in inflammatory and immune disorders and cell protection against oxidative stress. Mutations in PARK7 may result in the onset and progression of a few neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. This study has analyzed the non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) resulting in single amino acid substitutions in PARK7 to explore its diseasecausing variants and their structural dysfunctions. Initially, we retrieved the mutational dataset of PARK7 from the Ensembl database and performed detailed analyses using sequence-based and structure-based approaches. The pathogenicity of the PARK7 was then performed to distinguish the destabilizing/deleterious variants. Aggregation propensity, noncovalent interactions, packing density, and solvent accessible surface area analyses were carried out on the selected pathogenic mutations. The SODA study suggested that mutations in PARK7 result in aggregation, inducing disordered helix and altering the strand propensity. The effect of mutations alters the number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in PARK7, as calculated from the Arpeggio server. The study indicated that the alteration in the hydrophobic contacts and frustration of the protein could alter the stability of the missense variants of the PARK7, which might result in disease progression. This study provides a detailed understanding of the destabilizing effects of single amino acid substitutions in PARK7