The origins and evolution of social commerce: enhancing e-commerce platforms with social features

With technological development and digital transformation, the social commerce model has quickly become the best strategy for delivering a superior shopping experience. Although the history and evolution of the model can be studied, the future of the model is uncertain and may become an even more complex and diverse concept. However, new technologies and tendencies such as Web 3.0, the metaverse, and NFTs may give us a glimpse of the future. In this article, an analysis was conducted on the current scenario and evolution of the model based on the article "A systematic review on social commerce" by Esmaeili and Alireza, which discloses results from 2014 to 2017. Fifty-two journal articles were selected to update the answers to the 5 W´s model presented in the article mentioned above. The results revealed not only the evolution of the model but also the evolution of the approach of the companies when building their social commerce platform

Estudio de mercado para la implementación de nuevo restaurante pollería en el Distrito de Pueblo Libre

La gastronomía peruana es una de las más apreciadas del mundo debido a esto el sector de restaurantes se encuentra en constante crecimiento. Como consecuencia de la modernidad y de las diversas actividades que puede tener el ser humano, los clientes optan cada vez más por la “comida rápida” privilegiando y utilizando su tiempo dejando de lado la tarea de cocinar. En esta investigación se observó que existen gran número de pollerías, y todos los años se abren más establecimientos dedicados a la venta de este platillo. Ya no solo hablamos de pollerías típicas sino también de innovadoras propuestas con complementos distintos a las papas y la ensalada. Después de una larga búsqueda para encontrar un local comercial, se tomó la decisión abrir una pollería en el distrito de Pueblo Libre donde creo que existen las condiciones de que prospere este emprendimiento por ser un lugar seguro y con una población de un nivel socio-económico A y B con capacidad de gasto en este tipo de necesidad.Peruvian gastronomy is one of the most appreciated in the world, due to this the restaurant sector is constantly growing. As a result of modernity and the various activities that human beings can have, customers increasingly opt for "fast food" giving priority to and using their time, leaving aside the task of cooking. In this investigation it was observed that there are a large number of chicken shops, and every year more establishments dedicated to the sale of this dish are opened. We no longer only talk about typical chicken shops but also about innovative proposals with complements other than potatoes and salad. After a long search to find a commercial space, the decision was made to open a chicken shop in the Pueblo Libre district where I believe the conditions exist for this enterprise to prosper because it is a safe place with a population of a socio-economic level. A and B with spending capacity for this type of need

El liderazgo se puede medir : desarrollo y construcción de validación sobre medición de componentes de liderazgo como valor social, caso AIESEC Perú

La presente investigación nace de la necesidad de un estudio que brinde información específica y validada para obtener una clara medición sobre el liderazgo, sus componentes y cómo estos se comportan en el programa Ciudadano Global de AIESEC, entidad juvenil internacional cuya propuesta de valor reside en acrecentar el potencial de liderazgo de los jóvenes a través de éste y otros programas. Por ende, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar cuáles son los componentes u habilidades desarrolladas que hacen a un líder; en este caso, en el programa Ciudadano Global. Con ello, además se busca levantar un modelo que sea aplicable para esta organización, y replicable hacia otras organizaciones que deseen medir este rubro. Para ello, la metodología que se utiliza para alcanzar estos resultados es el análisis factorial, cuya propiedad central es caracterizar los resultados de forma cuantitativa y confirmatoria además de procurar un modelo ajustado gracias a la propiedad de rotación de sus componentes, permitiendo así explicar los resultados no sólo de forma válida y veraz, sino mediante un modelo eficiente para el uso de la organización. El levantamiento de información fue realizado mediante la aplicación de una encuesta de carácter cuantitativo en donde se adapta un modelo de medición de habilidades blandas que componen el liderazgo gracias a una tesis doctoral (Kabtrowitz, 2005; Ortiz, 2007; Tsugue, 2014; Retrolaza, 2010), con la finalidad de cruzar ello con las directrices y el modelo preliminar esbozado por AIESEC y comprobar qué componentes de liderazgo se estaban desarrollando en la propuesta del programa. Luego, se realizó un análisis de estadística descriptiva, para observar características generales por cada componente. Para triangular ello, se realizó también un Focus Group a los participantes de este programa. Como resultado de esta investigación, se obtiene el modelo, en donde ciertos componentes han sido modificados, pues surgieron nuevas agrupaciones entre los factores que tienen mayor poder explicativo. Además, se proponen algunas recomendaciones en programas educativos para hacer de la propuesta de Ciudadano Global una propuesta sistematizada que permita escalar el programa y garantizar su propuesta de valor como un eje dentro de su marco de gestión.Tesi

Integrating multicriteria decision analysis and scenario planning : review and extension

Scenario planning and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) are two key management science tools used in strategic planning. In this paper, we explore the integration of these two approaches in a coherent manner, recognizing that each adds value to the implementation of the other. Various approaches that have been adopted for such integration are reviewed, with a primary focus on the process of constructing preferences both within and between scenarios. Biases that may be introduced by inappropriate assumptions during such processes are identified, and used to motivate a framework for integrating MCDA and scenario thinking, based on applying MCDA concepts across a range of "metacriteria" (combinations of scenarios and primary criteria). Within this framework, preferences according to each primary criterion can be expressed in the context of different scenarios. The paper concludes with a hypothetical but non-trivial example of agricultural policy planning in a developing country

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an accurate, web-based tool for stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation to facilitate decisions on the potential benefits/risks of anticoagulation, based on mortality, stroke and bleeding risks. DESIGN: The new tool was developed, using stepwise regression, for all and then applied to lower risk patients. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2-VASc using 30-fold cross-validation to control for overfitting. External validation was undertaken in an independent dataset, Outcome Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). PARTICIPANTS: Data from 39 898 patients enrolled in the prospective GARFIELD-AF registry provided the basis for deriving and validating an integrated risk tool to predict stroke risk, mortality and bleeding risk. RESULTS: The discriminatory value of the GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for patients with or without anticoagulation. C-statistics (95% CI) for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism and haemorrhagic stroke/major bleeding (treated patients) were: 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78), 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) and 0.66 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively, for the GARFIELD-AF risk models, and 0.66 (0.64-0.67), 0.64 (0.61-0.66) and 0.64 (0.61-0.68), respectively, for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). In very low to low risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc 0 or 1 (men) and 1 or 2 (women)), the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (for bleeding) scores offered weak discriminatory value for mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. C-statistics for the GARFIELD-AF risk tool were 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75), 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) and 0.60 (0.47 to 0.73) for each end point, respectively, versus 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55), 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.56) for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). Upon validation in the ORBIT-AF population, C-statistics showed that the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was effective for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality using the full and simplified model for all-cause mortality: C-statistics 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77) and 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77), respectively, and for predicting for any stroke or systemic embolism over 1 year, C-statistics 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc in predicting stroke and mortality and superior to HAS-BLED for bleeding, overall and in lower risk patients. The GARFIELD-AF tool has the potential for incorporation in routine electronic systems, and for the first time, permits simultaneous evaluation of ischaemic stroke, mortality and bleeding risks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362) and for ORBIT-AF (NCT01165710)

Two-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF.

AIMS: The relationship between outcomes and time after diagnosis for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is poorly defined, especially beyond the first year. METHODS AND RESULTS: GARFIELD-AF is an ongoing, global observational study of adults with newly diagnosed NVAF. Two-year outcomes of 17 162 patients prospectively enrolled in GARFIELD-AF were analysed in light of baseline characteristics, risk profiles for stroke/systemic embolism (SE), and antithrombotic therapy. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.8 (11.4) years, 43.8% were women, and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.3 (1.6); 60.8% of patients were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with/without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 27.4% AP monotherapy, and 11.8% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause mortality, stroke/SE, and major bleeding had occurred at a rate (95% confidence interval) of 3.83 (3.62; 4.05), 1.25 (1.13; 1.38), and 0.70 (0.62; 0.81) per 100 person-years, respectively. Rates for all three major events were highest during the first 4 months. Congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, sudden/unwitnessed death, malignancy, respiratory failure, and infection/sepsis accounted for 65% of all known causes of death and strokes for <10%. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a 35% lower risk of death. CONCLUSION: The most frequent of the three major outcome measures was death, whose most common causes are not known to be significantly influenced by anticoagulation. This suggests that a more comprehensive approach to the management of NVAF may be needed to improve outcome. This could include, in addition to anticoagulation, interventions targeting modifiable, cause-specific risk factors for death. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

“DON’T LET DADDY KNOW”: FROM AMSTERDAM TO LIMA

This business plan analyzes the opportunity to bring “Don’t Let Daddy Know”, an electronic dance music festival, from Amsterdam to Lima, Peru. I had the chance to be a marketing volunteer for their 2020 Amsterdam edition, which led me to evaluate the risks and benefits of introducing the brand to my home country, Peru. The electronic dance genre has shown growth in South America in the past few years, which has slowly created a big market for international electronic dance music festivals. I have collaborated with E&A Events, owners of the brand currently based in Amsterdam, and Vastion Group, a production company based in Lima, in order to develop a realistic marketing and financial plan, as well as a tentative production timeline, line-up, venue, and sponsors list. During this project, I have faced the unexpected challenge of pivoting and adjusting due to a global pandemic. For this reason, this business plan briefly overviews the impact of Covid-19 in Peru, an important factor in determining the best way to market this festival. “Don’t Let Daddy Know” would bring a massive, international and rollercoaster experience to Lima, offering a different concept and perfect tourism opportunity for Peru.https://remix.berklee.edu/graduate-studies-global-entertainment-business/1154/thumbnail.jp