Influence of Structural Disturbance on Stream Function and Macroinvertebrate Communities in Upper Coastal Plain Headwater Streams

Freshwater is a resource under threat due to anthropogenic actions. Stream restoration is a common method for mitigating disturbance. Inconsistent methodologies used for evaluating restorations have drawn criticism. Limited use of baseline data for guiding stream restoration activities is of particular concern. This study was developed to elucidate metrics that differentiate reference and disturbed sites in Upper Coastal Plain streams. This information could improve resource use and successes of restorations. Structural and functional variables were examined in 10 reference and 10 streams that meet the traditional definition of disturbance and would be restoration priorities. Disturbed streams were classified into two regimes, temporal, based on time since disturbance, and categorical, based on disturbance cause. Some metrics of geomorphology, water chemistry and macroinvertebrates differentiated reference from disturbed regimes and while other metrics separated streams within disturbance regimes. Surprisingly, leaf decay rate was not an effective metric for determining disturbance. However, macroinvertebrate leaf pack colonizers were found to be useful for differentiating reference sites and disturbance regimes. Of the 10 disturbed streams this study examined, my data suggests that only three are in immediate need of restoration. This study emphasizes the importance of baseline data and its potential benefits for guiding stream restoration

Test-based age-of-acquisition norms for 44 thousand English word meanings

Age of acquisition (AoA) is an important variable in word recognition research. Up to now, nearly all psychology researchers examining the AoA effect have used ratings obtained from adult participants. An alternative basis for determining AoA is directly testing children's knowledge of word meanings at various ages. In educational research, scholars and teachers have tried to establish the grade at which particular words should be taught by examining the ages at which children know various word meanings. Such a list is available from Dale and O'Rourke's (1981) Living Word Vocabulary for nearly 44 thousand meanings coming from over 31 thousand unique word forms and multiword expressions. The present article relates these test-based AoA estimates to lexical decision times as well as to AoA adult ratings, and reports strong correlations between all of the measures. Therefore, test-based estimates of AoA can be used as an alternative measure

Rapid 3D dynamic rupture modeling of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmara\c{s}, Turkey, MWM_W7.8 and MWM_W7.7 earthquake doublet

The 2023 Turkey Earthquake sequence involved unexpected ruptures across numerous fault segments, challenging data interpretation efforts. We present rapid, 3D dynamic rupture simulations to illuminate the complexities of the $M_W$7.8 and $M_W$7.7 earthquake doublet. Constrained by observations available within days of the sequence, our models deliver timely, mechanically consistent explanations for the unforeseen rupture paths, diverse rupture speeds, multiple slip episodes, locally strong shaking, and fault system interactions. We reconcile regional seismo-tectonics, rupture dynamics, and ground motions of a fault system represented by ten curved dipping segments and a heterogeneous stress field. Our simulations link both events matching geodetic and seismic observations. The $M_W$7.8 earthquake features delayed backward branching from a steeply intersecting splay fault, not requiring supershear speeds. The asymmetrical dynamics of the distinct, bilateral $M_W$7.7 event is explained by heterogeneous fault strength, prestress orientation, fracture energy, and static stress changes from the previous event. Our models explain the northward deviation of its western rupture and the minimal slip observed on the S\"urg\"u fault. Rapidly developed 3D dynamic rupture scenarios can elucidate unexpected observations shortly after major earthquakes, providing timely insights for data-driven analysis and hazard assessment toward a comprehensive, physically consistent understanding of the mechanics of multi-fault systems

Goodnight book: sleep consolidation improves word learning via storybooks

Reading the same storybooks repeatedly helps preschool children learn words. In addition, sleeping shortly after learning also facilitates memory consolidation and aids learning in older children and adults. The current study explored how sleep promotes word learning in preschool children using a shared storybook reading task. Children were either read the same story repeatedly or different stories and either napped after the stories or remained awake. Children's word retention were tested 2.5 h later, 24 h later, and 7 days later. Results demonstrate strong, persistent effects for both repeated readings and sleep consolidation on young children's word learning. A key finding is that children who read different stories before napping learned words as well as children who had the advantage of hearing the same story. In contrast, children who read different stories and remained awake never caught up to their peers on later word learning tests. Implications for educational practices are discussed

The Leviathan: How to Move 2.9 Million Government Documents Offsite

The concept of moving a university’s historic, 2.9 million item government documents collection offsite was daunting. The actual move of the collection took 24 months. In this move, much was learned about developing a project management plan, including: consult the literature early, anticipate confusion points within the collection, discuss wear-and-tear issues, and understand the effect the move would have on service. The final move required 31 working days over five months of shifting. Afterward, it was found that the repercussions of a move – especially on staff and reference work – can often be more jarring than the move itself.Ye

Designation processes and semantic substitutions used by european portuguese children in a vocabulary test

This research study focus on the designation processes and semantic substitutions of each word on the vocabulary sub-task from the language test for children – ABFW, standardized in Brazil and adapted to European Portuguese, as well as the comparison of the results obtained in the two countries, to analyze the relevance of their extensibility to the Portuguese population. Methods: The test was applied to 150 children from 5 to 6 years old, of typical development. The test consists of 9 conceptual categories. Each category consists of different words, which were always assessed in the same sequential order. Results: The sample of this study showed a lower performance only in clothes, places and food semantic categories. All the other categories have outperformed the standard. The categories of vocabulary with higher percentage in the right designation of the words were colors and shapes, animals and toys and music instruments. The categories with a higher percentage of substitution processes, from the reference results, were: food and locations. The most recurrent substitution processes were the co-hyponym, words that designate semantic attributes, valorization of the visual stimulus, hypernym and parasynonyms Conclusion: Given the homogeneity of the results of this study with the results obtained with other studies in Brazil, this test reveal potentiality as an instrument for vocabulary assessment in Portugal.Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo a análise e quantificação dos processos de designação e substituição semântica apresentados na prova do vocabulário do Teste de Linguagem Infantil ABFW, padronizado no Brasil e adaptado para Português Europeu (PE), assim como a comparação dos resultados obtidos nos dois países, de forma a analisar a pertinência da sua extensibilidade à população portuguesa. Métodos: A prova foi aplicada a 150 crianças de 5 e 6 anos de idade, de desenvolvimento típico, na Região Norte de Portugal. A prova é constituída por nove categorias conceituais e cada categoria formada por diferentes vocábulos, que foram avaliados sempre pela mesma ordem sequencial. Resultados: A amostra mostrou desempenho inferior, em relação à norma, apenas nas categorias semânticas vestuário, locais e alimentos. Todas as outras categorias revelaram desempenho superior. As categorias do vocabulário que apresentaram maior percentagem de respostas corretas foram: animais, formas e cores e brinquedos e instrumentos musicais. As categorias que apresentaram percentagem superior de processos de substituição, em relação à norma, foram alimentos e locais. Os processos de substituição mais utilizados foram: substituição por co-hipônimo, vocábulos que designam atributos semânticos, valorização do estímulo visual, hiperônimos e parassinônimos. Conclusão: Dada a homogeneidade dos resultados deste estudo com os resultados obtidos em outros estudos no Brasil, esta prova revela potencialidades como instrumento de avaliação do vocabulário em Portugal.This work is funded by CIEd – Research Centre on Education, projects UID/CED/1661/2013 and UID/CED/1661/2016, Institute of Education, University of Minho, through national funds of FCT/MCTESPT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III: Normative data for Spanish-speaking pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Honduras, Guatemala, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the PPVT-III as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. PPVT-III scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that scores increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except Guatemala and Paraguay. Models showed that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years obtained higher scores compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years in all countries, except for Cuba, Peru, and Puerto Rico. Sex affected scores for Chile, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the PPVT-III when used in pediatric populations

Controls on mid‐ocean ridge normal fault seismicity across spreading rates from rate‐and‐state friction models

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union., 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union.for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123 (2018): 6719-6733, doi:10.1029/2018JB015545.Recent seismic and geodetic observations have led to a growing realization that a significant amount of fault slip at plate boundaries occurs aseismically and that the amount of aseismic slip varies across tectonic settings. Seismic moment release rates measured along the fast‐spreading East Pacific Rise suggest that the majority of fault slip occurs aseismically. By contrast, at the slow‐spreading Mid‐Atlantic Ridge seismic slip may represent up to 60% of total fault displacement. In this study, we use rate‐and‐state friction models to quantify the seismic coupling coefficient, defined as the fraction of total fault slip that occurs seismically, on mid‐ocean ridge normal faults and investigate controls on fault behavior that might produce variations in coupling observed at oceanic spreading centers. We find that the seismic coupling coefficient scales with the ratio of the downdip width of the seismogenic area (W) to the critical earthquake nucleation size (h*). At mid‐ocean ridges, W is expected to increase with decreasing spreading rate. Thus, the relationship between seismic coupling and W/h* predicted from our models explains the first‐order variations in seismic coupling coefficient as a function of spreading rate.National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant Numbers: EAR‐10‐10432, OCE‐10‐61203; NSF | GEO | Division of Earth Sciences (EAR); NSF | GEO | Division of Ocean Sciences (OCE)2019-02-1