IN VITRO EFFECT OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALLIZATION: AN APPROACH TO ANTILITHIASIS

Objective: In recent years, significant progress has been made in identifying and counting physico-chemical processes involved in urinary stone formation. The ability of urine to inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization is considered an important mechanism against stone formation. Several natural substances were tested to inhibit calcium oxalate crystallization. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid, also known as Aspirin, as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate crystallization in vitro.Methods: The nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals were studied using turbidimetric 400-sec time course measurements of optic density at 620 nm after mixing solutions containing calcium chloride and sodium oxalate at room temperature, pH 5.7. The formation of crystals is induced by the addition of the oxalate to calcium solution. The effects on calcium oxalate crystal growth of acetylsalicylic acid with various concentrations were examined. The maximum increase of optic density in the course of time reflects maximum rate of formation of new particles. After reaching equilibrium, a progressive decrease of optic density with time is observed. Rate of aggregation is derived from the maximum decrease in optic density.Results: The results showed that if a concentration of acetylsalicylic acid is more than 1,66 mM both rate of formations of new particles and Rate of aggregation decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: acetylsalicylic acid has a significant effect on nucleation as well as on crystal growth stage; consequently, it inhibits the crystal formation of calcium oxalate urinary lithiasis. Â

Printemps arabe : de l’événement à la formule discursive

L’expression «  printemps arabe  » désignant les mouvements qui éclatent en 2011 en Tunisie puis dans d’autres pays, va occuper, dès son apparition, une place considérable dans les discours politiques, médiatiques et publics. De son statut de mot événement, l’expression accède à une nouvelle fonction dans le discours : celle de formule. Inspirée des travaux de Krieg-Planque sur la formule en discours, la perspective proposée dans cet article est d’interroger la notion de «  printemps arabe  » et suivre son destin formulaire lié à l’ordre événementiel et à son interprétation à travers l’espace discursif auquel elle participe.The expression of "Arab Spring" designating the movements that broke out in 2011 in Tunisia and then in other Arab countries, has occupied a considerable place in political, media and public speeches. From its status as a neologism, the expression accesses a new function in the discourse : that of formula. Inspired by the works of Alice Krieg-Planque on formula in discourse analysis, the perspective proposed in this article is to question the notion of "Arab Spring" and follow the change in its discursive formula related to the event and its interpretation through the discursive space in which it participates

The Case for Visual Analytics of Arsenic Concentrations in Foods

Arsenic is a naturally occurring toxic metal and its presence in food could be a potential risk to the health of both humans and animals. Prolonged ingestion of arsenic contaminated water may result in manifestations of toxicity in all systems of the body. Visual Analytics is a multidisciplinary field that is defined as the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by interactive visual interfaces. The concentrations of arsenic vary in foods making it impractical and impossible to provide regulatory limit for each food. This review article presents a case for the use of visual analytics approaches to provide comparative assessment of arsenic in various foods. The topics covered include (i) metabolism of arsenic in the human body; (ii) arsenic concentrations in various foods; (ii) factors affecting arsenic uptake in plants; (ii) introduction to visual analytics; and (iv) benefits of visual analytics for comparative assessment of arsenic concentration in foods. Visual analytics can provide an information superstructure of arsenic in various foods to permit insightful comparative risk assessment of the diverse and continually expanding data on arsenic in food groups in the context of country of study or origin, year of study, method of analysis and arsenic species

Optical and photovoltaic properties of indium selenide thin films prepared by van der Waals epitaxy

Indium selenide thin films have been grown on p-type gallium selenide single crystal substrates by van der Waals epitaxy. The use of two crucibles in the growth process has resulted in indium selenide films with physical properties closer to these of bulk indium selenide than those prepared by other techniques. The optical properties of the films have been studied by electroabsorption measurements. The band gap and its temperature dependence are very close to those of indium selenide single crystals. The width of the fundamental transition, even if larger than that of the pure single crystal material, decreases monotonously with temperature. Exciton peaks are not observed even at low temperature, which reveals that these layers still contain a large defect concentration. The current–voltage characteristic of indium selenide thin film devices was measured under simulated AM2 conditions. The solar conversion efficiency of these devices is lower than 0.6%. The high concentration of defects reduces the diffusion length of minority carriers down to values round to 0.2 μ[email protected] ; [email protected]

Multiple Myeloma Treatment in Real-world Clinical Practice : Results of a Prospective, Multinational, Noninterventional Study

Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank all patients and their families and all the EMMOS investigators for their valuable contributions to the study. The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Olie for his significant contribution to the EMMOS study. Writing support during the development of our report was provided by Laura Mulcahy and Catherine Crookes of FireKite, an Ashfield company, a part of UDG Healthcare plc, which was funded by Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, and Janssen Global Services, LLC. The EMMOS study was supported by research funding from Janssen Pharmaceutical NV and Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Funding Information: M.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Novartis, and Takeda and grants from Janssen and Sanofi during the conduct of the study. E.T. has received grants from Janssen and personal fees from Janssen and Takeda during the conduct of the study, and grants from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, personal fees from Amgen, Celgene/Genesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Glaxo-Smith Kline outside the submitted work. M.V.M. has received personal fees from Janssen, Celgene, Amgen, and Takeda outside the submitted work. M.C. reports honoraria from Janssen, outside the submitted work. M. B. reports grants from Janssen Cilag during the conduct of the study. M.D. has received honoraria for participation on advisory boards for Janssen, Celgene, Takeda, Amgen, and Novartis. H.S. has received honoraria from Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Takeda outside the submitted work. V.P. reports personal fees from Janssen during the conduct of the study and grants, personal fees, and nonfinancial support from Amgen, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, and personal fees from Takeda outside the submitted work. W.W. has received personal fees and grants from Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Gilead, and Janssen and nonfinancial support from Roche outside the submitted work. J.S. reports grants and nonfinancial support from Janssen Pharmaceutical during the conduct of the study. V.L. reports funding from Janssen Global Services LLC during the conduct of the study and study support from Janssen-Cilag and Pharmion outside the submitted work. A.P. reports employment and shareholding of Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) during the conduct of the study. C.C. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. C.F. reports employment at Janssen Research and Development during the conduct of the study. F.T.B. reports employment at Janssen-Cilag during the conduct of the study. The remaining authors have stated that they have no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsMultiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, with little information available on its management in real-world clinical practice. The results of the present prospective, noninterventional observational study revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to treat MM. Our results also provide data to inform health economic, pharmacoepidemiologic, and outcomes research, providing a framework for the design of protocols to improve the outcomes of patients with MM. Background: The present prospective, multinational, noninterventional study aimed to document and describe real-world treatment regimens and disease progression in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Patients and Methods: Adult patients initiating any new MM therapy from October 2010 to October 2012 were eligible. A multistage patient/site recruitment model was applied to minimize the selection bias; enrollment was stratified by country, region, and practice type. The patient medical and disease features, treatment history, and remission status were recorded at baseline, and prospective data on treatment, efficacy, and safety were collected electronically every 3 months. Results: A total of 2358 patients were enrolled. Of these patients, 775 and 1583 did and did not undergo stem cell transplantation (SCT) at any time during treatment, respectively. Of the patients in the SCT and non-SCT groups, 49%, 21%, 14%, and 15% and 57%, 20%, 12% and 10% were enrolled at treatment line 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT groups, 45% and 54% of the patients had received bortezomib-based therapy without thalidomide/lenalidomide, 12% and 18% had received thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy without bortezomib, and 30% and 4% had received bortezomib plus thalidomide/lenalidomide-based therapy as frontline treatment, respectively. The corresponding proportions of SCT and non-SCT patients in lines 2, 3, and ≥ 4 were 45% and 37%, 30% and 37%, and 12% and 3%, 33% and 27%, 35% and 32%, and 8% and 2%, and 27% and 27%, 27% and 23%, and 6% and 4%, respectively. In the SCT and non-SCT patients, the overall response rate was 86% to 97% and 64% to 85% in line 1, 74% to 78% and 59% to 68% in line 2, 55% to 83% and 48% to 60% in line 3, and 49% to 65% and 36% and 45% in line 4, respectively, for regimens that included bortezomib and/or thalidomide/lenalidomide. Conclusion: The results of our prospective study have revealed great diversity in the treatment regimens used to manage MM in real-life practice. This diversity was linked to factors such as novel agent accessibility and evolving treatment recommendations. Our results provide insight into associated clinical benefits.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Qui es-tu ? J’ai été dit.De la destruction de la filiation dans l’Etat civil d’Algérie ou éléments d’un onomacide sémantique

Nous voudrions montrer dans cet article que l’Etat civil d’Algérie et non algérien (il n’existe pas encore), n’assure pas la continuité de la transmission identitaire, en dépit d’une filiation plusieurs fois millénaire. Il est même la représentation mentale de la non-filiation, de la non-généalogie, caractérisée par l’intrusion violente de deux paradigmes de refondation de la personnalité algérienne par l’administration et l’armée coloniales françaises : le Senatus Consulte et la loi sur Etat Civil (1882). Comment est construit historiquement le système onomastique patronymique algérien ? Quelles stratégies porteuses ont déterminé, dans le passé, les représentations suivies et qu’en est-il aujourd’hui ?Jamais dans l’histoire du colonialisme et de ses rapports à la donne linguistique, une opération de dislocation identitaire,de déstructuration/ restructuration onomastique, n’a travaillé à un double niveau de la conscience : sémantique et formelle, tel qu’il est cristallisé dans l’Etat civil d’Algérie.From the destruction of affiliation in Algerian civil status or elements of onomastic semantics we would like to show in this article that the civil status in Algeria and not Algerian (it does n’t exist any longer) does n’t ensure the continuity of passing on identity transmission despite of an affiliation several times millennial.There is even a mental representation of non-affiliation, of non genealogy, characterized by a violent intrusion of two paradigms of reconstructing the Algerian personality by the authorities and the French colonial army : the Senatus Consul and the Law on civil status (1886). How has the onomastic Algerian patronomic system been constructed historically ? What carrier strategies have determined in the past representations followed and what is the situation today ?Never in colonial history and its relation with a given linguistics, an operation dislocating identity, destructuring or onomastic restructuring, has worked at a double level of consciousness semantic and formal, so that it has been assured a definite form in the Algerian civil status.Quisiéramos mostrar en este artículo que el Estado Civil de Argelia y no argelino (no existe todavía) no asegura la continuidad de la transmisión identidataria, a pesar de una filiación muchas veces milenaria . Es incluso la representación mental de la no-filiación, de la no-genealogía, caracterizada por la intrusión violenta de dos paradigmas de refundación de la personalidad argelina por la administración y el ejercito coloniales : el Senatus Consul y la ley sobre el Estado Civil (1882) . ? Cómo está construido históricamente el sistema onomástico patronímico argelino ? ? Qué estrategías portadoras determinaron en el pasado las representaciones seguidas y cuál es el resultado hoy ?Jamás en la historia del colonialismo y de sus relaciones con la distribución linguística, una operación de dislocación identidataria, de destructuración / restructuración onomástica, no ha trabajado a un doble nivel de la conciencia : semántica y formal, tal como está cristalizado en el Estaddo Civil de Argelia.في هذه المقالة، نريد الإشارة إلى أن الحالة المدنية في الجزائر ( لا توجد، بعد، حالة مدنية جزائرية) لا تحقق استمرارية التواصل الهوياتي رغم وجود نظام ألقاب عائلية يعود إلى آلاف السنين. في الواقع، تعكس الحالة المدنية في الجزائر وضعا ذهنيا يرمز إلى تغييب النسب العائلي منذ أن فرضت الإدارة الاستعمارية الفرنسية و جيشها نموذجي إعادة تأسيس الشخصية الجزائرية : قرار مجلس الشيوخ لسنة 1863 و قانون الحالة المدنية لسنة 1882. تاريخيا، كيف تم بناء نظام الألقاب العائلية في الجزائر؟ ماهي الاستراتيجيات الفاعلة التي قررت في الماضي التماثلات المرتبطة بهذا النظام؟ ماهو وضعها الراهن؟ لم يحدث في تاريخ الاستعمار و علاقاته بالمسألة اللغوية، أن وقعت عملية تفكيك للهوية كما وقعت في الحالة المدنية بالجزائر. و قد أثرت هذه العملية سلبا على مستوى الوعي الدلالي و التشكيلي معا

De l’étymologie de Wahran : de Ouadaharan à Oran

Nous tenterons de démonter et de démontrer les mécanismes d’interprétation lexicale et sémantique développés depuis la fondation de la ville et l’apparition de son nom : Wahran, Wihran, Winhran,Wihrayn, ou bien Ouadaharan, Horan, Oran, etc., en se référant à Ibn Haouqal, El,Bekri et autres auteurs des périodes médiévale, espagnole, coloniale française et post,coloniale. Nous mettrons en évidence les tenants et les aboutissants de quelques hypothèses de sens passées, leurs articulations linguistiques, les éventuels présupposés historiques et la place de l’imaginaire populaire dans quelques étymologies encore vivantes dans les usages onomastiques locaux.Wahran fait partie de cette catégorie de toponymes qui connaissent un nombre important d’interprétations. De toutes les hypothèses qui ont tenté d’élucider l’étymologie du vocable Wahran, nous retiendrons celles qui évoquent le substrat linguistique berbère et arabe des siècles passés.Here we try to show the mechanisms of lexical interpretation and semantics developed since the foundation of the town and the appearance of its name Wahran/Wihran/ Winhran/Wihrayn : Ouadaharan/Horan/ Oran, etc such as cited by Ibn Haouqual, El Bekri and other authors of the medieval period, Spanish, French colonial period and post colonial period .We put forward the ins and outs of some hypotheses of past sense their linguistic articulations, eventual historical presuppositions and the place of popular imaginary in some etymologies still alive in local onomastic use.Wahran is part of this category of toponomy which know a number of important interpretations. Of all the hypotheses we have tried to elucidate, the etymology of the word Wahran, we keep those which evoke the Berber and Arabic linguistic substratum of past centuries.Intentamos desmontar y demostrar los mecanismos de interpretación lexical y semántica desarollados desde la fundación de la ciudad y la aparición de su nombre Wahran/Wihran/Winhrân/Wihrayn,Ouadaharan/Horan/Oran, etc. tal como fue citado por Ibn Haouqâl, El Bekri y otros autores del período medieval, español, colonial francés y post colonial. Ponemos de relieve las consideraciones de algunas hipótesis de sentido pasadas, sus articulaciones lingüísticas, los eventuales presupuestos históricos y el lugar del imaginario popular en algunas etimologías todavía vivas en los usos onomásticos locales.Wahran hace parte de esta categoría de topónimos que conocen un número importante de interpretaciones. Entre todas las hipótesis que han intentado elucidar la etimología del vocal Wahran, retendremos las que evocan el substrato lingüístico bereber y árabe de los siglos pasadosنحاول إبراز و تفكيك ميكانيزمات التأويل المعجمي و الدلالي التي نسجت منذ تأسيس المدينة و ظهور اسمها: وهران / وهران / ونهران / وهراين، وادهران/ هوران/ وهران، الخ... كما ذكره ابن حوقل، البكري وآخرون في فترة العصور الوسطي، الفترة الإسبانية، الفترة الاستعمارية الفرنسية، و الفترة ما بعد الاستعمار. و في هذا الصدد نبرز خلفيات بعض الافتراضات المعنوية الماضية، و تمفصلاتها اللسانية، و كذلك المعطيات التاريخية المحتملة و مكانة المخيال الشعبي ضمن بعض الأسماء الباقية إلى الآن في الاستعمالات و في تسمية الأعلام المحلية. و تمثل وهران جزءا من أسماء الأماكن التي تعرف عددا هاما ومن بين كل الافتراضات التي حاولت توضيح اسم وهران، نبقى على تلك التي تذكر الأساس اللغوي البربري و العربي الذي توارث عن القرون الماضية