PhosPhAt: the Arabidopsis thaliana phosphorylation site database. An update

The PhosPhAt database of Arabidopsis phosphorylation sites was initially launched in August 2007. Since then, along with 10-fold increase in database entries, functionality of PhosPhAt (phosphat.mpimp-golm.mpg.de) has been considerably upgraded and re-designed. PhosPhAt is now more of a web application with the inclusion of advanced search functions allowing combinatorial searches by Boolean terms. The results output now includes interactive visualization of annotated fragmentation spectra and the ability to export spectra and peptide sequences as text files for use in other applications. We have also implemented dynamic links to other web resources thus augmenting PhosPhAt-specific information with external protein-related data. For experimental phosphorylation sites with information about dynamic behavior in response to external stimuli, we display simple time-resolved diagrams. We have included predictions for pT and pY sites and updated pS predictions. Access to prediction algorithm now allows ‘on-the-fly’ prediction of phosphorylation of any user-uploaded protein sequence. Protein Pfam domain structures are now mapped onto the protein sequence display next to experimental and predicted phosphorylation sites. Finally, we have implemented functional annotation of proteins using MAPMAN ontology. These new developments make the PhosPhAt resource a useful and powerful tool for the scientific community as a whole beyond the plant sciences

Algal MIPs, high diversity and conserved motifs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) also named aquaporins form channels facilitating the passive transport of water and other small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs are particularly abundant and diverse in terrestrial plants but little is known about their evolutionary history. In an attempt to investigate the origin of the plant MIP subfamilies, genomes of chlorophyte algae, the sister group of charophyte algae and land plants, were searched for MIP encoding genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 22 MIPs were identified in the nine analysed genomes and phylogenetic analyses classified them into seven subfamilies. Two of these, Plasma membrane Intrinsic Proteins (PIPs) and GlpF-like Intrinsic Proteins (GIPs), are also present in land plants and divergence dating support a common origin of these algal and land plant MIPs, predating the evolution of terrestrial plants. The subfamilies unique to algae were named MIPA to MIPE to facilitate the use of a common nomenclature for plant MIPs reflecting phylogenetically stable groups. All of the investigated genomes contained at least one <it>MIP </it>gene but only a few species encoded MIPs belonging to more than one subfamily.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that at least two of the seven subfamilies found in land plants were present already in an algal ancestor. The total variation of MIPs and the number of different subfamilies in chlorophyte algae is likely to be even higher than that found in land plants. Our analyses indicate that genetic exchanges between several of the algal subfamilies have occurred. The PIP1 and PIP2 groups and the Ca²⁺gating appear to be specific to land plants whereas the pH gating is a more ancient characteristic shared by all PIPs. Further studies are needed to discern the function of the algal specific subfamilies MIPA-E and to fully understand the evolutionary relationship of algal and terrestrial plant MIPs.</p

A mutation in GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase causes conditional hypersensitivity to ammonium, resulting in Arabidopsis root growth inhibition, altered ammonium metabolism, and hormone homeostasis

Ascorbic acid (AA) is an antioxidant fulfilling a multitude of cellular functions. Given its pivotal role in maintaining the rate of cell growth and division in the quiescent centre of the root, it was hypothesized that the AA-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants vtc1-1, vtc2-1, vtc3-1, and vtc4-1 have altered root growth. To test this hypothesis, root development was studied in the wild type and vtc mutants grown on Murashige and Skoog medium. It was discovered, however, that only the vtc1-1 mutant has strongly retarded root growth, while the other vtc mutants exhibit a wild-type root phenotype. It is demonstrated that the short-root phenotype in vtc1-1 is independent of AA deficiency and oxidative stress. Instead, vtc1-1 is conditionally hypersensitive to ammonium (NH4+). To provide new insights into the mechanism of NH4+ sensitivity in vtc1-1, root development, NH4+ content, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, glutamate dehydrogenase activity, and glutamine content were assessed in wild-type and vtc1-1 mutant plants grown in the presence and absence of high NH4+ and the GS inhibitor MSO. Since VTC1 encodes a GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme generating GDP-mannose for AA biosynthesis and protein N-glycosylation, it was also tested whether protein N-glycosylation is affected in vtc1-1. Furthermore, since root development requires the action of a variety of hormones, it was investigated whether hormone homeostasis is linked to NH4+ sensitivity in vtc1-1. Our data suggest that NH4+ hypersensitivity in vtc1-1 is caused by disturbed N-glycosylation and that it is associated with auxin and ethylene homeostasis and/or nitric oxide signalling

Secondary Metabolites of Marine Microbes: From Natural Products Chemistry to Chemical Ecology

Marine natural products (MNPs) exhibit a wide range of pharmaceutically relevant bioactivities, including antibiotic, antiviral, anticancer, or anti-inflammatory properties. Besides marine macroorganisms such as sponges, algae, or corals, specifically marine bacteria and fungi have shown to produce novel secondary metabolites (SMs) with unique and diverse chemical structures that may hold the key for the development of novel drugs or drug leads. Apart from highlighting their potential benefit to humankind, this review is focusing on the manifold functions of SMs in the marine ecosystem. For example, potent MNPs have the ability to exile predators and competing organisms, act as attractants for mating purposes, or serve as dye for the expulsion or attraction of other organisms. A large compilation of literature on the role of MNPs in marine ecology is available, and several reviews evaluated the function of MNPs for the aforementioned topics. Therefore, we focused the second part of this review on the importance of bioactive compounds from crustose coralline algae (CCA) and their role during coral settlement, a topic that has received less attention. It has been shown that certain SMs derived from CCA and their associated bacteria are able to induce attachment and/or metamorphosis of many benthic invertebrate larvae, including globally threatened reef-building scleractinian corals. This review provides an overview on bioactivities of MNPs from marine microbes and their potential use in medicine as well as on the latest findings of the chemical ecology and settlement process of scleractinian corals and other invertebrate larvae

Tropologie, ou propos et discours des moeurs, contenant une exacte description des vertus principales, desquelles les vrais Chrestiens doyvent estre ornez, & les vices, dont ils doyvent estre purs & nets : & consequemment les devoirs, ausquels ils sont appellez de Dieu

par B. De Loque, Daulphinoi

Traité de l'Eglise, contenant un vray discours pour cognoistre la vraye Eglise, et la discerner d'avec l'Eglise Romaine et toutes autres fausses assemblées. Dedié à Monseigneur le Viconte de Turenne, par Bertrand de Loque Dauphinois.

GLN-2638Adams, Cambridge, L 1488CDM, p. 90Shaw, Cathedral Libr., 2, S 7

PRÁTICAS MUSICAIS, REDES DE SOCIABILIDADE E CULTURA INTELECTUAL NA CORRESPONDÊNCIA ENTRE FRANCISCO CURT LANGE E CLÁUDIO SANTORO -1940/1946. (Dossiê: Música, Linguagem e Sociedade).

eoi/doi Deposit-Electronic Object Identifier http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11248/ehum.v9i1.1897 Resumo: São diversos os personagens do nacionalismo musical brasileiro que trocaram cartas com o musicólogo alemão radicado no Uruguai, Francisco Curt Lange, (1903-1997). A proposta da primeira etapa da pesquisa da qual este artigo é resultado se concentrou no estudo das cartas inéditas trocadas entre Curt Lange e o mais renomado modernista brasileiro, Mário de Andrade. O ineditismo destas cartas, ainda não utilizadas como objeto de pesquisa até aquele momento, demonstrou a relevância desta investigação que ainda está em andamento. Apesar do foco da primeira etapa se concentrar nas cartas trocadas entre Lange e Mário de Andrade, durante a pesquisa, diversos outros atores tais como, Villa-Lobos, Camargo Guarnieri, Guerra-Peixe, Koellreuter e Claudio Santoro apareceram dentro de uma rede de sociabilidades tecida pelo projeto musicológico de Curt Lange: o Americanismo Musical. A ampliação do estudo desta rede se concentra agora nas cartas trocadas entre Curt Lange e Cláudio Santoro (1919-1989). O presente artigo trata daquelas cartas trocadas entre os anos nos de 1942 e 1946 e os diálogos estas com esta rede mais ampla. Este é um momento decisivo para a vida musical de Claudio Santoro, pois este procurava se estabelecer como compositor em meio aos nacionalismos que emergiam num contexto político e cultural bastante significativo para a história da música no Brasil. Palavras-chaves: Prática missivista, nacionalismos, governo Vargas Abstract: There are several characters from the Brazilian musical nationalism exchanged letters with the German musicologist living in Uruguay, Francisco Curt Lange (1903-1997). The proposal of the first stage of the research on which this article is a result focused on the study of unpublished letters exchanged between Curt Lange and the most renowned Brazilian modernist Mário de Andrade. The novelty of these letters, not yet used as a research object, until that time, demonstrated the relevance of this research is still in progress. Despite the focus of the first stage focus on the letters exchanged between Lange and Mário de Andrade, during the research, many other actors such as Villa-Lobos, Camargo Guarnieri, Guerra-Peixe, Koellreuter and Claudio Santoro appeared within a network of sociability woven especially by musicological project Curt Lange. The expansion of the study of this network now focuses on letters exchanged between Curt Lange and Claudio Santoro (1919-1989). This article will focus on those letters exchanged between the years 1942 and 1946. This is a turning point for the musical life of Claudio Santoro, as it sought to establish itself as composer among the nationalisms that emerged in a political and cultural context very significant to the history of music in Brazil. Keywords: Practice letter writer, nationalist government Vargas Recebido em: 01/07/2016  – Aceito em 29/07/201

PRÁTICAS MUSICAIS, REDES DE SOCIABILIDADE E CULTURA INTELECTUAL NA CORRESPONDÊNCIA ENTRE FRANCISCO CURT LANGE E CLÁUDIO SANTORO -1940/1946. (Dossiê: Música, Linguagem e Sociedade).

eoi/doi Deposit-Electronic Object Identifierhttp://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11248/ehum.v9i1.1897Resumo: São diversos os personagens do nacionalismo musical brasileiro que trocaram cartas com o musicólogo alemão radicado no Uruguai, Francisco Curt Lange, (1903-1997). A proposta da primeira etapa da pesquisa da qual este artigo é resultado se concentrou no estudo das cartas inéditas trocadas entre Curt Lange e o mais renomado modernista brasileiro, Mário de Andrade. O ineditismo destas cartas, ainda não utilizadas como objeto de pesquisa até aquele momento, demonstrou a relevância desta investigação que ainda está em andamento. Apesar do foco da primeira etapa se concentrar nas cartas trocadas entre Lange e Mário de Andrade, durante a pesquisa, diversos outros atores tais como, Villa-Lobos, Camargo Guarnieri, Guerra-Peixe, Koellreuter e Claudio Santoro apareceram dentro de uma rede de sociabilidades tecida pelo projeto musicológico de Curt Lange: o Americanismo Musical. A ampliação do estudo desta rede se concentra agora nas cartas trocadas entre Curt Lange e Cláudio Santoro (1919-1989). O presente artigo trata daquelas cartas trocadas entre os anos nos de 1942 e 1946 e os diálogos estas com esta rede mais ampla. Este é um momento decisivo para a vida musical de Claudio Santoro, pois este procurava se estabelecer como compositor em meio aos nacionalismos que emergiam num contexto político e cultural bastante significativo para a história da música no Brasil. Palavras-chaves: Prática missivista, nacionalismos, governo VargasAbstract: There are several characters from the Brazilian musical nationalism exchanged letters with the German musicologist living in Uruguay, Francisco Curt Lange (1903-1997). The proposal of the first stage of the research on which this article is a result focused on the study of unpublished letters exchanged between Curt Lange and the most renowned Brazilian modernist Mário de Andrade. The novelty of these letters, not yet used as a research object, until that time, demonstrated the relevance of this research is still in progress. Despite the focus of the first stage focus on the letters exchanged between Lange and Mário de Andrade, during the research, many other actors such as Villa-Lobos, Camargo Guarnieri, Guerra-Peixe, Koellreuter and Claudio Santoro appeared within a network of sociability woven especially by musicological project Curt Lange. The expansion of the study of this network now focuses on letters exchanged between Curt Lange and Claudio Santoro (1919-1989). This article will focus on those letters exchanged between the years 1942 and 1946. This is a turning point for the musical life of Claudio Santoro, as it sought to establish itself as composer among the nationalisms that emerged in a political and cultural context very significant to the history of music in Brazil.Keywords: Practice letter writer, nationalist government VargasRecebido em: 01/07/2016  – Aceito em 29/07/201