110 research outputs found
Untersuchungen zur ValiditÀt der deutschen Version des Child Perceptions Questionnaire zur Messung der mundgesundheitsbezogenen LebensqualitÀt bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eingebettet in den Prozess zur Entwicklung einer deutschen Version des Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G). Dieses Messinstrument erfasst die mundgesundheitsbezogene LebensqualitÀt bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Ziel war es herauszufinden, ob auch die deutsche Version eine hinreichende ValiditÀt aufweist.
Dazu wurden bei 1.508 SchĂŒlerinnen und SchĂŒlern von 10 bis 15 Jahren die klinischen Parameter Karies, Plaquevorkommen, Zahn-Nichtanlagen und das Tragen einer kieferorthopĂ€dischen Apparatur erfasst und in Relation zu ihrer selbstbewerteten mundgesundheitsbezogenen LebensqualitĂ€t (MLQ) gebracht.
Als Ergebnis wurde festgestellt, dass alle untersuchten oralen Parameter die mundgesundheitsbezogene LebensqualitĂ€t bei Kindern und Jugendlichen beeinflussen, wenn auch in unterschiedlichem MaĂe.
Die deutsche Version des Child Perceptions Questionnaire erweist sich damit als hinreichend valide.
Damit erfĂŒllt sie ein wichtiges GĂŒtekriterium fĂŒr ein MLQ-Messinstrument
Die CORA-Studie : ErnĂ€hrungs- und Lebensstil-bedingte Risikofaktoren fĂŒr koronare Herzkrankheit bei Frauen
Hintergrund
Arteriosklerotische Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen  insbesondere die koronare Herzkrankheit - stellen ein wesentliches
Gesundheitsproblem fĂŒr Frauen dar. UnabhĂ€ngig von diesen Fakten basieren die meisten Forschungsergebnisse auf Studien an MĂ€nnern.
Aufgrund der hohen MorbiditĂ€t und MortalitĂ€t wird primĂ€rprĂ€ventiven MaĂnahmen zur Beeinflussung klassischer kardiovaskulĂ€rer
Risikofaktoren ein hoher Stellenwert eingerĂ€umt. Eine SchlĂŒsselfunktion hinsichtlich der Entwicklung der koronare Herzkrankheit scheint
dem Rauchen, einem ungesunden Lebensstil und insbesondere falschen ErnÀhrungsgewohnheiten zuzukommen. Ziel der CORA-Studie
(Coronare Risikofaktoren fĂŒr Arteriosklerose bei Frauen) war die Bestimmung des Einflusses von ErnĂ€hrungs- und Lebensstil- abhĂ€ngigen
Faktoren auf das koronare Risiko von Frauen.
Methoden
Im Rahmen eines populationsbezogenen Fall-Kontroll-Designs wurden 200 prÀ- und postmenopausale Frauen mit inzidenter koronarer
Herzkrankheit rekrutiert und dazu 255 gleichaltrige Kontrollpersonen aus denselben Stadtteilen randomisiert. FĂŒr die Erhebungen zur
ErnĂ€hrung wurde ein selbstausfĂŒllbarer, validierter Fragebogen (Food-Frequency) mit 146 Nahrungsmitteln eingesetzt. Weitere
Informationen ĂŒber klassische Risikofaktoren, Familienanamnese und Medikation wurden mit Hilfe eines Lebensstil-Fragebogens und
eines computergestĂŒtzten Zusatz-Interviews gewonnen. DarĂŒber hinaus erfolgten anthropometrische Messungen, die Bestimmung des
Blutdrucks und die Gewinnung von Routinelaborparametern aus einer NĂŒchternblutprobe. Uni- und multivariate Analysen basierten auf
Standardmethoden.
Ergebnisse
Die FĂ€lle berichteten ĂŒber eine höhere Aufnahme an tierischen Lebensmitteln wie Fleisch und Wurstwaren. Das spiegelt sich in einer höheren
Zufuhr an Energie, tierischem Fett, Cholesterin und Protein wider. Umgekehrt verzehrten die Kontrollen mehr GemĂŒse und Obst. Sie tranken
mehr Alkohol, insbesondere in Form von Rotwein. Die Frauen der Fallgruppe fĂŒhrten einen ungesĂŒnderen Lebensstil charakterisiert durch
weniger körperliche AktivitĂ€t. Im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen verfĂŒgten die FĂ€lle ĂŒber einen niedrigeren soziodemographischen Status und
waren hÀufiger Hausfrauen. Die Anteile der Raucher waren in der gesamten Studienpopulation hoch, insbesondere im Alter unter 60 Jahren.
FÀlle, die rauchten, zeigten schlechtere ErnÀhrungsgewohnheiten und waren hÀufiger von zusÀtzlichen klassischen Risikofaktoren betroffen, die
das metabolische Syndrom charakterisieren. Der Taillenumfang und die Waist-to-hip Ratio waren in der Kontrollgruppe niedriger, wÀhrend der
Body-Mass-Index keinen guten PrÀdiktor darstellte. Unterschieden. Beide Gruppen unterschieden sich deutlich in biochemischen und
klinischen Markern. Die FÀlle hatten signifikant niedrigere HDL-Cholesterinspiegel und hatten hÀufiger einen Hypertonus, Diabetes oder eine
Insulinresistenz.
Im multivariaten Modell erwies sich die ErnĂ€hrung  die Aufnahme an Fleisch und Wurstwaren  als eigenstĂ€ndiger Risikofaktor fĂŒr koronare
Herzkrankheit bei Frauen unabhĂ€ngig von den klassischen Risikofaktoren. Subgruppenanalysen zeigten, dass diese Beobachtung auch fĂŒr
Hochrisikogruppen gilt: FÀlle mit wesentlichen kardiovaskulÀren Risikofaktoren wie DyslipidÀmie, Hypertonus, Diabetes, Rauchen,
körperlicher InaktivitĂ€t oder zentraler Adipositas unterschieden sich von Kontrollen mit vergleichbarem Risikoprofil durch ein ungesĂŒnderes
Verzehrsmuster.
Schlussfolgerungen
Die Ergebnisse der CORA-Studie weisen darauf hin, dass Bewegungsarmut und insbesondere falsche ErnĂ€hrungsgewohnheiten das Risiko fĂŒr
koronare Herzkrankheit bei Frauen erhöhen. Ein vermehrter Konsum von tierischen Lebensmitteln, weniger Obst und GemĂŒse und mangelnde
körperliche AktivitÀt sind mit einem höheren Risiko assoziiert. Das daraus entstehende metabolische Syndrom scheint das zentrale Problem zu
sein. PrimĂ€rprĂ€ventive MaĂnahmen durch gesunden Lebensstil und eine vernĂŒnftige ErnĂ€hrung scheinen der Entwicklung der koronare
Herzkrankheit und ihrer Folgen entgegenzuwirken, selbst beim Vorliegen klassischer Risikofaktoren.Background
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease  particularly coronary heart disease  is a major health issue of women. Despite this fact most
research comprises studies in men. The high morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease especially in women calls for strong
emphasis on primary prevention to influence major cardiovascular risk factors. Smoking, a sedentary lifestyle and particularly poor dietary
habits are supposed to play a key role in the development of coronary heart disease. Aim of the Coronary Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
in Women (CORA)-Study was to investigate nutrition- and lifestyle-dependent risk factors predisposing women for coronary heart disease.
Methods
In a population-based case-control design 200 pre- and postmenopausal women with incident coronary heart disease and 255
age-matched controls from the same neighborhood were recruited. For assessment of dietary habits a self-administered well evaluated
146-item food frequency questionnaire was used. Further information on major risk factors, family history and the medication was obtained
by a lifestyle questionnaire and a computer-assisted interview. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and various laboratory values
from fasting blood samples were determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by standard methods.
Results
Cases reported a higher consumption of animal food groups such as meat and sausages. This is reflected by a higher intake of energy,
animal fat, cholesterol and protein. In contrast the controls ate more vegetables and fruit. They also drank more alcohol, mostly due to a
higher intake of red wine. Cases followed a more sedentary lifestyle, characterized by less regular physical activity. Compared to controls
cases had a lower sociodemographic status and were more often homemakers. Smoking rates were high in the whole study population,
particularly below the age of 60. Smoking cases showed poor nutrition habits and were more often affected by additional classical risk
factors characterizing the metabolic syndrome. The body mass index was less predictive, while body circumference and the waist-to-hip
ratio were significantly lower in the control group. Biochemical and clinical markers distinguished the two groups in various aspects. Cases
had a notably lower HDL-cholesterol and had more often hypertension, diabetes or insulin resistance.
Multivariate analysis showed that nutrition  particularly the intake of meat and sausage  is a risk factor for coronary heart disease in
women independent of classical risk factors. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that this is even true for high risk groups: in addition to
major cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestyle or central adiposity cases
differed from controls with a comparable risk profile, by an unhealthy dietary pattern.
Conclusions
The findings of the CORA-Study indicates that a sedentary lifestyle and particularly poor nutrition characterizes women prone to coronary
heart disease. A higher consumption of animal food groups, less fruit and vegetables and no regular physical activity is associated with a
higher risk. The consecutively evolving metabolic syndrome appears to be the central problem. Primary prevention through a more healthy
lifestyle and a prudent diet should provide major protection against the development of coronary heart disease and its sequelae, even in the
presence of classical risk factors
Behavioral Health Risk Factors and Motivation to Change among Cardiovascular General Hospital Patients Aged 50 to 79 Years
Little is known about the (co-)occurrence of smoking, alcohol at-risk drinking, physical inactivity and overweight, and the motivation to change these behavioral health risk factors (HRFs) in older general hospital patients with cardiovascular disease. Between October and December 2016, all consecutively admitted patients aged 50 to 79 years were proactively recruited on 3 cardiology wards and asked to participate in a survey on HRFs and behavior change motivation. Of the eligible patients, 80.4% participated in the survey (n = 328). The mean age was 66.5 years (standard deviation 9.0), and 65.5% were male. At least 1 HRF was present in 91.8% (n = 280), at least 2 HRFs in 54.4% (n = 166), and 3 or 4 HRFs in 12.1% (n = 37) of participants. The proportion of older adults who contemplated or were changing or planning to change their behavior to meet health behavior recommendations ranged between 66.0% (smoking) and 93.2% (alcohol consumption). The results indicate a notable co-occurrence of behavioral HRFs in older patients with cardiovascular disease. The majority of older adults were at least considering changing the respective behavior. To prevent and treat diseases efficiently, hospitalization may be a suitable moment for systematic multiple HRF screening and intervention.Peer Reviewe
Erratum: Impact of maternal supplementation with probiotics during pregnancy on atopic eczema in childhood:a meta-analysis
Mediterranean diet and atrial fibrillation: lessons learned from the AFHRI case-control study
A relationship between lifestyle, diet, and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Except for alcohol consumption, AF guidelines do not differentiate specific advice for this rhythm disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and the presence of AF, among 104 low risk participants from the 1:1 matched case-control AFHRI (Atrial Fibrillation in High-Risk Individuals) study. Dietary data were obtained using a three-day food record. Adapted German versions of the validated 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and the validated eight-item Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from the Epic Study served as the basis for data derivation. The median age of the study participants was 63.0 years, 73.1% were men. In multivariable adjusted binary logistic regression analyses, we found inverse associations between both dietary indices (MEDAS: Median = 3, HEI: Median = 54.9) and the presence of AF (odds ratio for MEDAS: 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-0.91, odds ratio for HEI: 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.95). Further clinical studies are needed to confirm the extent to which high quality dietary patterns such as a Mediterranean diet influence the onset and natural history of AF, in order to provide dietary counselling
Obesity measures, metabolic profiles, blood pressure and intake of dietary fatty acids in rural women of Asian Indian origin: Santiniketan women study
Alcohol consumption and common carotid intima-media thickness: the USE-IMT study
Aims: Epidemiological evidence indicates a protective effect of light to moderate alcohol consumption compared to non-drinking and heavy drinking. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, the effect of alcohol on atherosclerotic changes in vessel walls is unclear. Therefore, we explored the relationship between alcohol consumption and common carotid intima media thickness, a marker of early atherosclerosis in the general population. Methods: Individual participant data from eight cohorts, involving 37,494 individuals from the USE-IMT collaboration were used. Multilevel age and sex adjusted linear regression models were applied to estimate mean differences in common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with alcohol consumption. Results: The mean age was 57.9 years (SD 8.6) and the mean CIMT was 0.75 mm (SD 0.177). About, 40.5% reported no alcohol consumed, and among those who drank, mean consumption was 13.3 g per day (SD 16.4). Those consuming no alcohol or a very small amount (10 g per day, after adjusting for a range of confounding factors. Conclusion: In this large CIMT consortium, we did not find evidence to support a protective effect of alcohol on CIMT
Nutritional and sensory properties of dry fermented sausages enriched with nâ3 PUFAs
- âŠ