Gravity gradient boom stabilization system for the Applications Technology Satellite /ATS-E/, volume 1 Final report

Gravity gradient boom stabilization system for ATS

Control of positive and negative magnetoresistance in iron oxide−iron nanocomposite thin films for tunable magnetoelectric nanodevices

The perspective of energy-efficient and tunable functional magnetic nanostructures has triggered research efforts in the fields of voltage control of magnetism and spintronics. We investigate the magnetotransport properties of nanocomposite iron oxide/iron thin films with a nominal iron thickness of 5-50 nm and find a positive magnetoresistance at small thicknesses. The highest magnetoresistance was found for 30 nm Fe with +1.1% at 3 T. This anomalous behavior is attributed to the presence of Fe3O4-Fe nanocomposite regions due to grain boundary oxidation. At the Fe3O4/Fe interfaces, spin-polarized electrons in the magnetite can be scattered and reoriented. A crossover to negative magnetoresistance (−0.11%) is achieved at a larger thickness (>40 nm) when interface scattering effects become negligible as more current flows through the iron layer. Electrolytic gating of this system induces voltage-triggered redox reactions in the Fe3O4 regions and thereby enables voltage-tuning of the magnetoresistance with the locally oxidized regions as the active tuning elements. In the low-magnetic-field region (<1 T), a crossover from positive to negative magnetoresistance is achieved by a voltage change of only 1.72 V. At 3 T, a relative change of magnetoresistance about −45% during reduction was achieved for the 30 nm Fe sample. The present low-voltage approach signifies a step forward to practical and tunable room-temperature magnetoresistance-based nanodevices, which can boost the development of nanoscale and energy-efficient magnetic field sensors with high sensitivity, magnetic memories, and magnetoelectric devices in general

Voltage‐Controlled Deblocking of Magnetization Reversal in Thin Films by Tunable Domain Wall Interactions and Pinning Sites

High energy efficiency of magnetic devices is crucial for applications such as data storage, computation, and actuation. Redox‐based (magneto‐ionic) voltage control of magnetism is a promising room‐temperature pathway to improve energy efficiency. However, for ferromagnetic metals, the magneto‐ionic effects studied so far require ultrathin films with tunable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy or nanoporous structures for appreciable effects. This paper reports a fully reversible, low voltage‐induced collapse of coercivity and remanence by redox reactions in iron oxide/iron films with uniaxial in‐plane anisotropy. In the initial iron oxide/iron films, Néel wall interactions stabilize a blocked state with high coercivity. During the voltage‐triggered reduction of the iron oxide layer, in situ Kerr microscopy reveals inverse changes of coercivity and anisotropy, and a coarsening of the magnetic microstructure. These results confirm a magneto‐ionic deblocking mechanism, which relies on changes of the Néel wall interactions, and of the microstructural domain‐wall‐pinning sites. With this approach, voltage‐controlled 180° magnetization switching with high energy‐efficiency is achieved. It opens up possibilities for developing magnetic devices programmable by ultralow power and for the reversible tuning of defect‐controlled materials in general

The Dutchman Vol. 6, No. 1

● Editorial ● Somerset County Decorated Barns ● Butter Molds ● Restaurants, too, Go Dutch ● The Hostetter Fractur Collection ● Bindnagle\u27s Church ● The Harry S. High Folk Art Collection ● Lebanon Valley Date Stones ● Of Bells and Bell Towers ● John Durang, the First Native American Dancer ● Stoffel Rilbps\u27 Epistle ● The First Singing of Our National Anthem ● Pennsylvania Dutch Pioneershttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/dutchmanmag/1000/thumbnail.jp

Morphology selection of nanoparticle dispersions by polymer media

A systematic theory of ultrathin polymer films as organizing media to achieve 2D nanoparticle arrangements was developed. The key physical variables to achieve nanoparticle dispersions and control morphology were determined.open727

A Peer-reviewed Newspaper About_ Machine Feeling

On the ability of technologies to capture and structure feelings and experiences that are active, in flux, and situated in the present. Publication resulting from research workshop at CRASSH, University of Cambridge, organised in collaboration with CRASSH, University of Cambridge and transmediale festival for art and digital culture, Berlin

Age estimation of Calliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae using cuticular hydrocarbon analysis and Artificial Neural Networks

Cuticular hydrocarbons were extracted daily from the larvae of two closely related blowflies Calliphora vicina and Calliphora vomitoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The hydrocarbons were then analysed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), with the aim of observing changes within their chemical profiles in order to determine the larval age. The hydrocarbons were examined daily for each species from 1 day old larvae until pupariation. The results show significant chemical changes occurring from the younger larvae to the post-feeding larvae. With the aid of a multivariate statistical method (Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks), samples were clustered and classified, allowing for the larval age to be established. Results from this study allowed larvae to be aged to the day with at worst, 87% accuracy, which suggests there is great potential for the use of cuticular hydrocarbons present on larvae to give an indication of their age and hence potentially a valuable tool for minimum PMI estimations

HIT family genes: FHIT but not PKCI-1/HINT produces altered transcripts in colorectal cancer

Forty-five colorectal adenocarcinomas were examined for alterations in the HIT family genes FHIT and PKCI-1/HINT by a combination of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. In all cases a single transcript corresponding to the reported sequence was detected using primers specific for the PKCI-1/HINT gene. In contrast multiple transcripts were detected using primers specific for the FHIT gene transcript. 6% (3/45) of tumours evinced no detectable expression of any FHIT transcript and a further 12% (6/45) produced only the normal full length transcripts. Ninety-six aberrant transcripts were characterized from the remaining tumours. Deviations from the normal full length sequence characterized included deletions, insertions of novel sequences, a point mutation as well as the usage of a putative alternate splice site in exon 10. Message variants were detected with approximately equal frequency in all tumour stages with the exception that templates with insertions were found solely in Dukes’ stage B tumours (P < 0.001). With the exception of the putative alternate splice site, aberrant transcripts were not detected in matched normal mucosa. These results suggest that members of the HIT family of genes are only selectively involved in tumorigenesis and that perturbation of FHIT gene expression is an early event in colorectal tumorigenesis. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system

A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key conclusion is the substantial expansion of the ground-based observation networks required to reach the high spatial resolution for CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes, and for carbon stocks for addressing policy-relevant objectives, and attributing flux changes to underlying processes in each region. In order to establish flux and stock diagnostics over areas such as the southern oceans, tropical forests, and the Arctic, in situ observations will have to be complemented with remote-sensing measurements. Remote sensing offers the advantage of dense spatial coverage and frequent revisit. A key challenge is to bring remote-sensing measurements to a level of long-term consistency and accuracy so that they can be efficiently combined in models to reduce uncertainties, in synergy with ground-based data. Bringing tight observational constraints on fossil fuel and land use change emissions will be the biggest challenge for deployment of a policy-relevant integrated carbon observation system. This will require in situ and remotely sensed data at much higher resolution and density than currently achieved for natural fluxes, although over a small land area (cities, industrial sites, power plants), as well as the inclusion of fossil fuel CO₂ proxy measurements such as radiocarbon in CO₂ and carbon-fuel combustion tracers. Additionally, a policy-relevant carbon monitoring system should also provide mechanisms for reconciling regional top-down (atmosphere-based) and bottom-up (surface-based) flux estimates across the range of spatial and temporal scales relevant to mitigation policies. In addition, uncertainties for each observation data-stream should be assessed. The success of the system will rely on long-term commitments to monitoring, on improved international collaboration to fill gaps in the current observations, on sustained efforts to improve access to the different data streams and make databases interoperable, and on the calibration of each component of the system to agreed-upon international scales