Second record of Tadarida brasiliensis (I. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1824) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

Although Tadarida brasiliensis is one of the most widely distributed species of bats in Argentina, it is nevertheless extremely scarce in Patagonia. We report a second record of T. brasiliensis for Santa Cruz province, which fills a gap in the geographical distribution of this species in that province and is also the third southernmost record for the species and for any molossid bat in the world.Fil: Zapata, Sonia Cristina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Procopio, Diego Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Morgenthaler, Annick. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Travaini, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; Argentin

Diet of the Red-backed Hawk (Buteo polyosoma) in two environmentally contrasting areas of Patagonia

We studied the Red-backed Hawk (Buteo polyosoma) diet by pellet analysis in two areas, the Monumento Natural Bosques Petrificados (MNBP) and Junín de los Andes, located in southern and northwestern Argentinean Patagonia respectively. These areas have different values of primary production mainly due to the differences in mean annual precipitation, being higher in Junín de los Andes. Diets were dominated by mammals in both areas (68.3% and 61% of occurrences). Rodents represented the greatest proportion (66.5%) of prey numbers in MNBP. They represented 92.6% of the biomass. Arthropods were also consumed with a relatively high occurrence (21.4%). In Junín de los Andes, rodents were an important prey (57.1%) but represented only 29.6% of the consumed biomass. In contrast, the introduced European hare (Lepus europaeus) was not frequently consumed (13.5%) but comprised 59.3% of prey biomass. Reptiles were a frequent item, consumed at 25.2% of total prey. The diet of the Red-backed Hawk was significantly different between MNBP and Junín de los Andes. The wider food niche breadth of the Red-backed Hawk in Junín de los Andes was likely attributable to the more even distribution of prey categories. Additionally, a functional response toward European hare consumption was observed, with a higher consumption of this prey at Junín de los Andes.Fil: Travaini, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Santillán, Miguel Ángel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Sonia Cristina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentin

The small mammal assemblage from Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo National Park, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina

El Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo (PNBPJ), situado en la provincia de Santa Cruz, es un área silvestre destinada a la protección de la Estepa Patagónica, una de las ecorregiones más vulnerables y de máxima prioridad de conservación. Estudiamos la composición específica, abundancia relativa, riqueza y diversidad de los micromamíferos del PNBPJ, pobremente documentada hasta el momento. Durante marzo de 2010, 2011, 2012 y 2013 realizamos capturas en los ambientes más representativos del PNBPJ (cañadones,estepa arbustiva y estepa subarbustiva); y presentamos los resultados del análisis de egagrópilas de Tyto alba y Bubo magellanicus recolectadas ocasionalmente entre los meses de enero y abril de 2002, 2004 y 2009en el área protegida. Identificamos un total de 10 especies de micromamíferos: Lestodelphys halli, Abrothrix olivacea, Eligmodontia morgani, Notiomys edwardsii, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis xanthopygus, Reithrodonauritus, Euneomys chinchilloides, Microcavia australis, y Ctenomys magellanicus. La especie más abundante en las capturas fue Eligmodontia morgani (67.55%) y no existieron diferencias significativas en las abundancias de las distintas especies entre los tres ambientes muestreados. La estepa subarbustiva presentó unos valores de riqueza y diversidad específica ligeramente inferiores a los de los otros dos ambientes, cuyos valores fueron muy similares entre sí. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con lo esperado para ensambles de micromamíferos de áreasno protegidas asociados con el Macizo del Deseado y el valle del río Deseado, donde se localiza el PNBPJ. Se discuten las características del ensamble del PNBPJ desde el punto de vista eco-geográfico, y se comparan con ensambles similares situados en la misma latitud.The National Park Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo (PNBPJ), located in Santa Cruz Province, is a wild area designed to protect the Patagonian Steppe, which is considered one of the most vulnerable ecoregions and a priority for conservation. We studied species composition, relative abundance, richness and biodiversity of the small mammal assemblage of PNBPJ. During March 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, we captured small mammals in three environments of PNBPJ (ravines, shrub-steppes and open shrub-steppes); we also present the results of the analysis of pellets belonging to Tyto alba and Bubo magellanicus collected opportunistically in the protected area from January to April 2002, 2004 and 2009. We identified 10 small mammal species: Lestodelphys halli, Abrothrix olivacea, Eligmodontia morgani, Notiomys edwardsii, Graomys griseoflavus, Phyllotis xanthopygus, Reithrodon auritus, Euneomys chinchilloides, Microcavia australis, and Ctenomys magellanicus. The most abundant species, in terms of number of captures, was Eligmodontia morgani (67.55%). No significant differences in abundance were found among the three sampled environments. Using only trapping data, there was a slight difference in the number of species found in open shrub-steppes (5) than in the other environments (6 species); diversity was also lowest in open shrub-steppes. The assemblages of PNBPJ were similar to those reported for surrounding non-protected areas in the Deseado Massif and Río Deseado Valley. The characteristics of the small mammal assemblage are discussed from an eco-geographic perspective and compared with similar assemblages located at similar latitudes.Fil: Zapata, Sonia Cristina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; ArgentinaFil: Procopio, Diego Esteban. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rodriguez, Alejandro. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Travaini, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Unidad Académica Caleta Olivia. Centro de Investigaciones Puerto Deseado; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Evaluation of the interest of southern Patagonian ranchers toward selective and efficient predator control methods

Elaboramos una encuesta con el fin de evaluar el interés de los productores ganaderos por incorporar prácticas selectivas de control basándonos en la caracterización del sistema de producción ganadera de Santa Cruz y su relación con la predación por el zorro colorado (Lycalopex culpaeus). Para los encuestados (n = 90) la carga ovina actual está por debajo de la óptima, lo que es consistente con el hecho de que para la mayoría (73%) la ganadería solo representa una parte de sus ingresos. El nivel de pérdida de corderos por predación de zorros colorados varía entre el 5% y el 50% de la producción anual y esta tasa se ha mantenido en los últimos años, a pesar de que el 56% de los encuestados percibe un aumento en la abundancia de zorros en sus campos en los últimos 10 años. Las actitudes negativas de los productores hacia el zorro colorado se reflejaron en el hecho de que su control continúa siendo una práctica habitual para el 73% de los encuestados incluso en establecimientos sin producción. El uso de veneno es o ha sido utilizado por la mayoría de los productores (74%) a pesar de su prohibición. Sin embargo, el 91% de los encuestados estaría dispuesto a reemplazar sus prácticas por métodos de control selectivos y eficientes. Este es un punto importante para incentivar el uso de métodos alternativos de control, como cebos tóxicos administrados selectivamente, lo que permitiría el abandono de las prácticas tradicionales tan nocivas para la conservación de la biodiversidad.Sheep ranchers (n = 90) were surveyed to evaluate their interest in the incorporation of  predator selective control methods. We based our survey on the characterization of the sheep ranching system of Santa Cruz province and its relationship with culpeo fox predation. For a large percentage of producers (73%), the carrying capacity at present is under the optimal, which is consistent with the fact that sheep ranching represent only a part of their income. Lamb losses due to culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) predation vary between 5% and 50% of the annual lamb production, and these percentages did not vary during the last years in spite of 53% of ranchers perceived an increment in foxes abundances. Ranchers tend to exaggerate real losses of their lambs due to predation, although they recognize that there are other causes that could facilitate it. Nevertheless, fox control, including poisoning as a method, is still a current practice even in those ranches without sheep. The 90% of the sheep ranchers showed a good predisposition to replace their current practices by selective and efficient control methods. This is an important point to incentive the use of selective control methods, like toxic baits delivered in a selective way, which would allow the abandonment of the traditional practices so dangerous to biodiversity conservation.Fil: García Brea, Aranxa. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Sonia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Procopio, Diego Esteban. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Peck, Rolando. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Travaini, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Evaluación del interés de productores ganaderos en el control selectivo y eficiente de predadores en la Patagonia austral

Sheep ranchers (n = 90) were surveyed to evaluate their interest in the incorporation of predator selective control methods. We based our survey on the characterization of the sheep ranching system of Santa Cruz province and its relationship with culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) predation. For a large percentage of producers (73%), the carrying capacity at present is under the optimal, which is consistent with the fact that sheep ranching represents only a part of their income. Lamb losses due to culpeo foxes predation vary between 5% and 50% of the annual lamb production, and these percentages did not vary during the last years in spite of the perceiving, by 53% of ranchers, of an increment in foxes abundance. Ranchers tend to exaggerate real losses of their lambs due to predation, although they recognize that there are other causes that could facilitate it. Nevertheless, fox control, including poisoning as a method, is still a current practice even in those ranches without sheep. The 90% of the sheep ranchers showed a good willingness to replace their current practices by selective and efficient control methods. This is an important point to encourage the use of selective control methods, like toxic baits delivered in a selective way, which would allow the abandonment of the traditional practices so dangerous to biodiversity conservationElaboramos una encuesta con el fin de evaluar el interés de los productores ganaderos por incorporar prácticas selectivas de control basándonos en la caracterización del sistema de producción ganadera de Santa Cruz y su relación con la predación por el zorro colorado (Lycalopex culpaeus). Para los encuestados (n = 90) la carga ovina actual está por debajo de la óptima, lo que es consistente con el hecho de que para la mayoría (73%) la ganadería solo representa una parte de sus ingresos. El nivel de pérdida de corderos por predación de zorros colorados varía entre el 5% y el 50% de la producción anual y esta tasa se ha mantenido en los últimos años, a pesar de que el 56% de los encuestados percibe un aumento en la abundancia de zorros en sus campos en los últimos 10 años. Las actitudes negativas de los productores hacia el zorro colorado se reflejaron en el hecho de que su control continúa siendo una práctica habitual para el 73% de los encuestados incluso en establecimientos sin producción. El uso de veneno es o ha sido utilizado por la mayoría de los productores (74%) a pesar de su prohibición. Sin embargo, el 91% de los encuestados estaría dispuesto a reemplazar sus prácticas por métodos de control selectivos y eficientes. Este es un punto importante para incentivar el uso de métodos alternativos de control, como cebos tóxicos administrados selectivamente, lo que permitiría el abandono de las prácticas tradicionales tan nocivas para la conservación de la biodiversidad

Evaluation of the interest of southern Patagonian ranchers toward selective and efficient predator control methods

Elaboramos una encuesta con el fin de evaluar el interés de los productores ganaderos por incorporar prácticas selectivas de control basándonos en la caracterización del sistema de producción ganadera de Santa Cruz y su relación con la predación por el zorro colorado (Lycalopex culpaeus). Para los encuestados (n = 90) la carga ovina actual está por debajo de la óptima, lo que es consistente con el hecho de que para la mayoría (73%) la ganadería solo representa una parte de sus ingresos. El nivel de pérdida de corderos por predación de zorros colorados varía entre el 5% y el 50% de la producción anual y esta tasa se ha mantenido en los últimos años, a pesar de que el 56% de los encuestados percibe un aumento en la abundancia de zorros en sus campos en los últimos 10 años. Las actitudes negativas de los productores hacia el zorro colorado se reflejaron en el hecho de que su control continúa siendo una práctica habitual para el 73% de los encuestados incluso en establecimientos sin producción. El uso de veneno es o ha sido utilizado por la mayoría de los productores (74%) a pesar de su prohibición. Sin embargo, el 91% de los encuestados estaría dispuesto a reemplazar sus prácticas por métodos de control selectivos y eficientes. Este es un punto importante para incentivar el uso de métodos alternativos de control, como cebos tóxicos administrados selectivamente, lo que permitiría el abandono de las prácticas tradicionales tan nocivas para la conservación de la biodiversidad.Sheep ranchers (n = 90) were surveyed to evaluate their interest in the incorporation of  predator selective control methods. We based our survey on the characterization of the sheep ranching system of Santa Cruz province and its relationship with culpeo fox predation. For a large percentage of producers (73%), the carrying capacity at present is under the optimal, which is consistent with the fact that sheep ranching represent only a part of their income. Lamb losses due to culpeo foxes (Lycalopex culpaeus) predation vary between 5% and 50% of the annual lamb production, and these percentages did not vary during the last years in spite of 53% of ranchers perceived an increment in foxes abundances. Ranchers tend to exaggerate real losses of their lambs due to predation, although they recognize that there are other causes that could facilitate it. Nevertheless, fox control, including poisoning as a method, is still a current practice even in those ranches without sheep. The 90% of the sheep ranchers showed a good predisposition to replace their current practices by selective and efficient control methods. This is an important point to incentive the use of selective control methods, like toxic baits delivered in a selective way, which would allow the abandonment of the traditional practices so dangerous to biodiversity conservation.Fil: García Brea, Aranxa. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Zapata, Sonia Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Procopio, Diego Esteban. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Peck, Rolando. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Travaini, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Propuesta en supply chain management y logística en la empresa chilco distribuidora de gas y energía s.a.s. e.s.p.

Anexo 1. Proveedores Empresa Chilco Distribuidora de Gas y energía S.A.S. E.S.P., Anexo 2. Procedimiento ABA_P001__1__Procedimiento_abastecimiento_de_GLPEl objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una propuesta de Supply Chain Management y Logística para la empresa Chilco Distribuidora de Gas y Energía S.A.S. E.S.P. para así poder mejorar cada uno de los procesos claves en el área de almacenamiento, aprovisionamiento, distribución y logística, considerando la gran importancia que tiene aplicar estas estrategias en el mundo moderno, teniendo en cuenta la alta competencia que se mueve actualmente en todo tipo de sectores, haciendo que no solo deba acudirse a estos métodos y estructuras, sino en el mismo instante ir actualizándolos, y llevándolo a un futuro, pues al ser una empresa competitiva lo que es actual ya se hace antiguo, y lo que viene es lo nuevo. En este trabajo se utilizaron técnicas de recolección de datos como cuestionarios y entrevistas a los empleados de la compañía también teniendo en cuenta que uno de los investigadores es empleado en esa compañía Por lo tanto, con este trabajo se pudo concluir que, si bien la compañía aplica muchas de las técnicas aquí encontradas, también tiene algunas falencias que no son graves y aun se encuentra en la vanguardia, pero si en un futuro próximo no se corrigen pueden hacer que la misma pierda ingreso en el sector.The objective of this work is to develop a proposal of Supply Chain Management and Logistics for the company Chilco Distribuidora de Gas y Energía S.A.S. E.S.P. in order to improve each of the key processes in the area of storage, supply, distribution and logistics, considering the great importance of applying these strategies in the modern world, taking into account the high competition that is currently moving in all types of sectors, making it necessary not only to resort to these methods and structures, but at the same time to update them, and taking it to the future, because being a competitive company what is current is already old, and what is coming is the new. In this work, data collection techniques such as questionnaires and interviews with the company's employees were used, also taking into account that one of the researchers is an employee of the company. Therefore, with this work it was possible to conclude that, although the company applies many of the techniques found here, it also has some shortcomings that are not serious and it is still at the forefront, but if they are not corrected in the near future they may cause the company to lose income in the sector

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio