Diseño de un plan de mejora para la gestión de riesgos laborales en el Instituto Técnico Agropecuario de Tubará

Aunque esté planteada legalmente la salud ocupacional en instituciones académicas, no se tiene en cuenta como un factor de impacto significativo, tal es la situación que en algunas de estas instituciones, como el instituto Técnico Agropecuario De Tubará, no hay un conocimiento claro de los sistemas relacionados a la salud ocupacional, por tal razón se hace necesario la implementación de un Sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SG-SST) en la institución educativa debido a que en la actualidad no cuenta con este sistema y, como consecuencia de ello, se ve reflejada en la falta de señalizaciones de pasillos, señales de peligro, demarcación de zonas de peligro o alto riesgo para la integridad física. Además, no existe ningún plan o ruta de evacuación para una eventual contingencia o fenómeno natural. Cabe resaltar la importancia de tener establecidos unos lineamientos de seguridad preventiva, con el propósito de crear conciencia en materia de prevención dentro del plantel educativo, ya que, si no se tiene un control de las actividades a realizarse por el personal que labora dentro de las instalaciones de la institución se presentarán situaciones de peligro las cuales pueden afectar la integridad física y emocional tanto de los funcionarios, como la de los estudiantes y personas que se acerquen al plantel.Universidad Libre Seccional Barranquilla -- Facultad de Ingeniería -- Ingeniería Industria

\u3cem\u3eRickettsia felis\u3c/em\u3e in \u3cem\u3eCtenocephalides felis\u3c/em\u3e from Guatemala and Costa Rica

Rickettsia felis is an emerging human pathogen associated primarily with the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. In this study, we investigated the presence of Rickettsia felis in C. felis from Guatemala and Costa Rica. Ctenocephalides felis were collected directly from dogs and cats, and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for Rickettsia-specific fragments of 17-kDa protein, OmpA, and citrate synthase genes. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 64% (55 of 86) and 58% (47 of 81) of flea pools in Guatemala and Costa Rica, respectively. Sequencing of gltA fragments identified R. felis genotype URRWXCal2 in samples from both countries, and genotype Rf2125 in Costa Rica. This is the first report of R. felis in Guatemala and of genotype Rf2125 in Costa Rica. The extensive presence of this pathogen in countries of Central America stresses the need for increased awareness and diagnosis

Integrating Stand and Soil Properties to Understand Foliar Nutrient Dynamics during Forest Succession Following Slash-and-Burn Agriculture in the Bolivian Amazon

Secondary forests cover large areas of the tropics and play an important role in the global carbon cycle. During secondary forest succession, simultaneous changes occur among stand structural attributes, soil properties, and species composition. Most studies classify tree species into categories based on their regeneration requirements. We use a high-resolution secondary forest chronosequence to assign trees to a continuous gradient in species successional status assigned according to their distribution across the chronosequence. Species successional status, not stand age or differences in stand structure or soil properties, was found to be the best predictor of leaf trait variation. Foliar δ13C had a significant positive relationship with species successional status, indicating changes in foliar physiology related to growth and competitive strategy, but was not correlated with stand age, whereas soil δ13C dynamics were largely constrained by plant species composition. Foliar δ15N had a significant negative correlation with both stand age and species successional status, – most likely resulting from a large initial biomass-burning enrichment in soil 15N and 13C and not closure of the nitrogen cycle. Foliar %C was neither correlated with stand age nor species successional status but was found to display significant phylogenetic signal. Results from this study are relevant to understanding the dynamics of tree species growth and competition during forest succession and highlight possibilities of, and potentially confounding signals affecting, the utility of leaf traits to understand community and species dynamics during secondary forest succession

Cambio del pH salival por ingesta de edulcorantes no calóricos en la erosión dental

Introduction. Non-caloric sweeteners are a trend as substitutes for cane sugar that generates the use of words in mass consumption products such as “Light,” “Low in sugar,” “Zero” among others to refer to the use of these chemical compounds as an additive. in foods to have a similarity to the original products, but with a healthier presentation. The global epidemic of obesity and diabetes has led to concern about consumption of sugar and its impact on health. As a result, non-caloric sweeteners have been developed as alternatives to sugar to reduce caloric intake. These sweeteners are widely used around the world in diabetic foods and beverages, diet products, and low-calorie products. However, the possible association between the consumption of non-caloric sweeteners and oral health has been the subject of debate. Objective. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of non-caloric sweeteners on oral health, including their relationship with plaque formation, dental caries, dental erosion, and periodontal health. The results are expected to provide valuable information on the safety and effectiveness of non-caloric sweeteners as alternatives to sugar and their impact on oral health. Methodology. The systematic research project was developed under PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. On the other hand, this research project was developed through a review of the literary content of scientific articles around health, particularly in dentistry, said articles have been disseminated in the main indexed journals. They will be obtained through scientific databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, among the most prominent. These are published within the last 10 years. Furthermore, it was developed in an organized manner to resolve the dependent variables (change in pH due to ingestion of non-caloric sweeteners) and independent variable (dental erosion). Results. Enamel dissolution is strongly influenced by the Ca concentration, pH, and titratable acidity of the substance and is related to the concentration of the undissociated form of the acid in each substance. Therefore, higher values of titratable acidity are strong indicators of higher concentrations of the undissociated species of the acid, which, in turn, leads to further enamel erosion. Conclusion. Erosion is a significant problem that can be influenced by the intake of non-caloric sweeteners, highlighting the importance of a preventive approach in dental care and the need to educate the population on the choice of foods and beverages that do not compromise the oral health. Furthermore, changes in salivary pH were observed that support the importance of continuous monitoring of this parameter as a key indicator of oral health.Introducción. Los edulcorantes no calóricos son una tendencia como sustitutos del azúcar de caña que genera en los productos de consumo masivo el uso de palabras como “Light” “Bajo en azúcar” “Cero” entre otras para referirse al uso de estos compuestos químicos como un aditivo en alimentos para tener una similitud a los productos originales, pero con una presentación más saludable. La epidemia mundial de obesidad y diabetes ha llevado a una preocupación por el consumo. de azúcar y su impacto en la salud. Como resultado, se han desarrollado edulcorantes no calóricos como alternativas al azúcar para reducir el consumo calórico. Estos edulcorantes son ampliamente utilizados en todo el mundo en alimentos y bebidas para diabéticos, productos dietéticos y productos bajos en calorías. Sin embargo, la posible asociación entre el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos y la salud oral ha sido objeto de debate. Objetivo.  El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los efectos de los edulcorantes no calóricos en la salud oral, incluyendo su relación con la formación de placa, la caries dental, erosión dental y la salud periodontal. Se espera que los resultados de esta proporcionen información valiosa sobre la seguridad y eficacia de los edulcorantes no calóricos como alternativas al azúcar y su impacto en la salud oral. Metodología.  El proyecto de investigación sistemática se desarrolló bajo las indicaciones PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis).  Por otro lado, este proyecto investigativo se elaboró a través de una revisión del contenido literario de artículos científicos en el área de la salud, particularmente en odontología, dichos artículos han sido difundidos en las principales revistas indexadas. Se obtendrán por medio de bases de datos científicas como PubMed, Google Scholar dentro de las más destacadas. Estos se encuentran publicados dentro de los últimos 10 años. Además, se desarrolló de forma organizada con el fin de resolver las variables dependientes (cambio de pH por ingesta de edulcorantes no calóricos) y variable independiente (erosión dental). Resultados. La disolución del esmalte está fuertemente influenciada por la concentración de Ca, el pH y la acidez titulable de la sustancia y está directamente relacionada con la concentración de la forma no disociada del ácido en una sustancia determinada. Por lo tanto, los valores más altos de acidez titulable son fuertes indicadores de concentraciones más altas de las especies no disociadas del ácido, lo que, a su vez, conduce a una mayor erosión del esmalte. Conclusión. La erosión es un problema significativo que puede estar influenciado por la ingesta de edulcorantes no calóricos, lo que destaca la importancia de un enfoque preventivo en la atención dental y la necesidad de educar a la población sobre la elección de alimentos y bebidas que no comprometan la salud bucal. Además, se observaron cambios en el pH salival que respaldan la importancia de la monitorización continua de este parámetro como un indicador clave de la salud bucal. Área de estudio general: odontología. Área de estudio específica: odontología general, salud, nutrición. Tipo de estudio:  Artículos originales

Lymphocytic infiltration in stage II microsatellite stable colorectal tumors: A retrospective prognosis biomarker analysis

Background: Identifying stage II patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) at higher risk of progression is a clinical priority in order to optimize the advantages of adjuvant chemotherapy while avoiding unnecessary toxicity. Recently, the intensity and the quality of the host immune response in the tumor microenvironment have been reported to have an important role in tumorigenesis and an inverse association with tumor progression. This association is well established in microsatellite instable CRC. In this work, we aim to assess the usefulness of measures of T-cell infiltration as prognostic biomarkers in 640 stage II, CRC tumors, 582 of them confirmed microsatellite stable. Methods and findings: We measured both the quantity and clonality index of T cells by means of T-cell receptor (TCR) immunosequencing in a discovery dataset (95 patients with colon cancer diagnosed at stage II and microsatellite stable, median age 67, 30% women) and replicated the results in 3 additional series of stage II patients from 2 countries. Series 1 and 2 were recruited in Barcelona, Spain and included 112 fresh frozen (FF, median age 69, 44% women) and 163 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE, median age 67, 39% women) samples, respectively. Series 3 included 270 FFPE samples from patients recruited in Haifa, Northern Israel, as part of a large case-control study of CRC (median age 73, 46% women). Median follow-up time was 81.1 months. Cox regression models were fitted to evaluate the prognostic value of T-cell abundance and Simpson clonality of TCR variants adjusting by sex, age, tumor location, and stage (IIA and IIB). In the discovery dataset, higher TCR abundance was associated with better prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] for ≥Q1 = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.63, P = 0.003). A functional analysis of gene expression on these tumors revealed enrichment in pathways related to immune response. Higher values of clonality index (lower diversity) were not associated with worse disease-free survival, though the HR for ≥Q3 was 2.32 (95% CI 0.90-5.97, P = 0.08). These results were replicated in an independent FF dataset (TCR abundance: HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.72, P = 0.007; clonality: HR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.38-7.94, P = 0.007). Also, the association with prognosis was tested in 2 independent FFPE datasets. The same association was observed with TCR abundance (HR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18-0.93, P = 0.03 and HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31-1, P = 0.042, respectively, for each FFPE dataset). However, the clonality index was associated with prognosis only in the FFPE dataset from Israel (HR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.39-4.32, P = 0.002). Finally, a combined analysis combining all microsatellite stable (MSS) samples demonstrated a clear prognosis value both for TCR abundance (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.26-0.57, P = 1.3e-06) and the clonality index (HR = 2.13, 95% CI 1.44-3.15, P = 0.0002). These associations were also observed when variables were considered continuous in the models (HR per log2 of TCR abundance = 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93, P = 0.0002; HR per log2 or clonality index = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31, P = 0.016). Limitations: This is a retrospective study, and samples had been preserved with different methods. Validation series lack complete information about microsatellite instability (MSI) status and pathology assessment. The Molecular Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer (MECC) study had information about overall survival instead of progression-free survival. Conclusion: Results from this study demonstrate that tumor lymphocytes, assessed by TCR repertoire quantification based on a sequencing method, are an independent prognostic factor in microsatellite stable stage II CRC

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

LegalBench: A Collaboratively Built Benchmark for Measuring Legal Reasoning in Large Language Models

The advent of large language models (LLMs) and their adoption by the legal community has given rise to the question: what types of legal reasoning can LLMs perform? To enable greater study of this question, we present LegalBench: a collaboratively constructed legal reasoning benchmark consisting of 162 tasks covering six different types of legal reasoning. LegalBench was built through an interdisciplinary process, in which we collected tasks designed and hand-crafted by legal professionals. Because these subject matter experts took a leading role in construction, tasks either measure legal reasoning capabilities that are practically useful, or measure reasoning skills that lawyers find interesting. To enable cross-disciplinary conversations about LLMs in the law, we additionally show how popular legal frameworks for describing legal reasoning -- which distinguish between its many forms -- correspond to LegalBench tasks, thus giving lawyers and LLM developers a common vocabulary. This paper describes LegalBench, presents an empirical evaluation of 20 open-source and commercial LLMs, and illustrates the types of research explorations LegalBench enables.Comment: 143 pages, 79 tables, 4 figure