Five new species of the genera Heerz Marsh, Lissopsius Marsh and Ondigus Braet, Barbalho and van Achterberg (Braconidae, Doryctinae) from the Chamela-Cuixmala biosphere reserve in Jalisco, Mexico

Five new species belonging to the poorly known Neotropical doryctine parasitoid wasps genera Heerz Marsh (H. ecmahla sp. n. and H. macrophthalma sp. n.), Lissopsius Marsh (L. pacificus sp. n. and L. jalisciensis sp. n.) and Ondigus Braet, Barbalho & van Achterberg (O. cuixmalensis sp. n.) are described from the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere reserve in Jalisco, Mexico. Keys to the described species of the above three genera are provided. The phylogenetic placement of the examined taxa is investigated based on mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S, 2nd and 3rd domain regions) DNA sequence data.Fil: Zaldivar Riverón, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Martinez, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Shaw, Scott R.. University of Wyoming; Estados Unido

The genus Iare Barbalho and Penteado-Dias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) in Mexico, with the description of two new species

Dos especies nuevas del género de doryctinos Iare, I. mexicanus sp. nov. y I. cheguevarai sp. nov., se describen genética y morfologicamente de un bosque tropical caducifolio en Jalisco, México. Iare belokobylskiji Marsh es registrada también para la misma región. Estas especies representan los registros más norteños en la distribución del género. Un análisis bayesiano simultaneo empleando secuencias de ADN de los genes COI y 28S reconstruyó un árbol con las tres especies examinadas de Iare dentro de un mismo clado, aunque con un soporte bajo. Este género aparece dentro de un clado mayor representado por doryctinos del Neotrópico como grupo hermano de un subclado con las especies de los géneros Callihormius Ashmead, Leluthia Cameron, Histeromeroides Marsh and Panama Marsh.Two new species of the doryctine genus Iare, I. mexicanus sp. nov. and I. cheguevarai sp. nov., are genetically and morphologically described from a tropical dry forest in Jalisco, Mexico. Iare belokobylskiji Marsh is also reported for the latter region. These species represent the northernmost distribution records for the genus. A simultaneous Bayesian analysis with COI and 28S DNA sequence data recovered the three examined species of Iare within a single clade, though with low support. This genus appears nested within a large doryctine Neotropical clade as sister group of a cluster containing species of Callihormius Ashmead, Leluthia Cameron, Histeromeroides Marsh and Panama Marsh.Fil: Martínez, Juan José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; ArgentinaFil: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zaldivar Riverón, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Méxic

Strategies for the commercialization of international academic services of the University of Holguín

La Universidad de Holguín desde hace varios años presenta insuficientes niveles de ingresos por los servicios académicos internacionales pregrado y posgrado internacional. Situación contradictoria, ya que estos servicios constituyen las fuentes fundamentales de ingresos netos que se obtienen en el marco del autofinanciamiento de las universidades cubanas; sin obviar el hecho de que la razón social de las mismas es formar profesionales. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo el diseño y aplicación de un procedimiento para la elaboración de estrategias de gestión comercial para los servicios académicos internacionales en la Universidad de Holguín, a fin de resolver las insuficiencias existentes. Se parte del estudio de aspectos de carácter teórico práctico conceptual relacionados con los procesos de comercialización y de planeación estratégica, como instrumentos de trabajo para contribuir al perfeccionamiento del sistema de comercialización. Esto permitirá lograr una mayor precisión de las acciones de colaboración internacional que deberán emprenderse para garantizar el sostenible desarrollo que demanda la Universidad de Holguín. Los análisis desarrollados constituyen el fundamento investigativo y los resultados obtenidos demuestran la factibilidad, pertinencia y significación práctica de la investigación.The University of Holguin has for several years presented insufficient levels of income for international academic services undergraduate and international postgraduate. Contradictory situation, since these services constitute the fundamental sources of net income that are obtained in the framework of the self-financing of the Cuban universities; without obviating the fact that the social reason of the same is to train professionals. This is why the present research aims to design and apply a procedure for the development of business management strategies for international academic services at the University of Holguin, in order to solve the existing shortcomings. It is part of the study of aspects of theoretical and practical conceptual character related to marketing processes and strategic planning, as working tools to contribute to the improvement of the marketing system. This will allow to achieve a greater precision of the international collaboration actions that must be undertaken to guarantee the sustainable development demanded by the University of Holguin. The analyzes developed constitute the investigative basis and the results obtained demonstrate the feasibility, relevance and practical significance of the research

Impacto psicológico de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en personal sanitario

Introducción: La rápida propagación de la COVID-19 a escala mundial ocasionó el colapso de los sistemas sanitarios, lo cual contribuyó a que el personal sanitario incrementara el agotamiento sufrido, tanto físico como mental. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico transversal, en 145 sujetos que se desempeñaron como personal sanitario en el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2021. La información se recopiló a través de un formulario online, precisando edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales, institución, categoría laboral, acceso diario a información sobre la COVID-19, asistencia directa a pacientes infectados y muerte de personas cercanas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud General. Se utilizó la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney para buscar diferencias en la puntuación general reportada. Resultados: Presentaron un impacto psicológico alto el 62,1 % de los encuestados; el 70,0 % eran médicos y enfermeras; el 62,2 % accedía más de 2 h al día a información sobre la COVID; el 64,4 % participó directamente en la atención a pacientes infectados y el 35,6 % había perdido a personas cercanas por la pandemia. Ser mujer (p= 0,008), acceder a información sobre la COVID-19 más de 2 h al día (p= 0,026), asistir directamente a pacientes infectados (p= 0,033) y la muerte de personas cercanas (p= 0,018) tuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el impacto psicológico. Conclusiones: La pandemia de la COVID-19 se asocia a un impacto psicológico alto en el personal sanitario

Introgressive hybridization in a Spiny-Tailed Iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata, and its implications for taxonomy and conservation

Introgression, the transmission of genetic material of one taxon into another through hybridization, can have various evolutionary outcomes. Previous studies have detected signs of introgression between western populations of the Mexican endemic and threatened spiny-tailed iguana, Ctenosaura pectinata. However, the extent of this phenomenon along the geographic distribution of the species is unknown. Here, we use multilocus data together with detailed geographic sampling to (1) define genotypic clusters within C. pectinata; (2) evaluate geographic concordance between maternally and biparentally inherited markers; (3) examine levels of introgression between genotypic clusters, and (4) suggest taxonomic modifications in light of this information. Applying clustering methods to genotypes of 341 individuals from 49 localities of C. pectinata and the closely related C. acanthura, we inferred the existence of five genotypic clusters. Contact zones between genotypic clusters with signatures of interbreeding were detected, showing different levels of geographic discordance with mtDNA lineages. In northern localities, mtDNA and microsatellites exhibit concordant distributions, supporting the resurrection of C. brachylopha. Similar concordance is observed along the distribution of C. acanthura, confirming its unique taxonomic identity. Genetic and geographic concordance is also observed for populations within southwestern Mexico, where the recognition of a new species awaits in depth taxonomic revision. In contrast, in western localities a striking pattern of discordance was detected where up to six mtDNA lineages co-occur with only two genotypic clusters. Given that the type specimen originated from this area, we suggest that individuals from western Mexico keep the name C. pectinata. Our results have profound implications for conservation, management, and forensics of Mexican iguanas

Hybrid capture data unravel a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes)

The parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae is among the most diverse groups of organisms, with conservative estimates suggesting that it contains more species than all vertebrates together. However, ichneumonids are also among the most severely understudied groups, and our understanding of their evolution is hampered by the lack of a robust higher‐level phylogeny of this group. Based on newly generated transcriptome sequence data, which were filtered according to several criteria of phylogenetic informativeness, we developed target DNA enrichment baits to capture 93 genes across species of Ichneumonidae. The baits were applied to DNA of 55 ichneumonids, with a focus on Pimpliformes, an informal group containing nine subfamilies. Phylogenetic trees were inferred under maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels. We found maximum support for the monophyly of Pimpliformes but low resolution and very short branches close to its base, strongly suggesting a rapid radiation. Two genera and one genus‐group were consistently recovered in unexpected parts of the tree, prompting changes in their higher‐level classification: Pseudorhyssa Merrill, currently classified in the subfamily Poemeniinae, is transferred to the tribe Delomeristini within Pimplinae, and Hemiphanes Förster is moved from Orthocentrinae to Cryptinae. Likewise, the tribe Theroniini is resurrected for the Theronia group of genera (stat. rev.). Phylogenetic analyses, in which we gradually increased the numbers of genes, revealed that the initially steep increase in mean clade support slows down at around 40 genes, and consideration of up to 93 genes still left various nodes in the inferred phylogenetic tree poorly resolved. It remains to be shown whether more extensive gene or taxon sampling can resolve the early evolution of the pimpliform subfamilies.This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Klopfstein, S., Langille, B., Spasojevic, T., Broad, G.R., Cooper, S.J.B., Austin, A.D. and Niehuis, O. (2019), Hybrid capture data unravel a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes). Syst Entomol, 44: 361-383. , which has been published in final form at doi:10.1111/syen.12333. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving The attached document is the authors’ submitted version of the journal article. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it

Skeletal Morphology of Opius dissitus and Biosteres carbonarius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with a Discussion of Terminology

The Braconidae, a family of parasitic wasps, constitute a major taxonomic challenge with an estimated diversity of 40,000 to 120,000 species worldwide, only 18,000 of which have been described to date. The skeletal morphology of braconids is still not adequately understood and the terminology is partly idiosyncratic, despite the fact that anatomical features form the basis for most taxonomic work on the group. To help address this problem, we describe the external skeletal morphology of Opius dissitus Muesebeck 1963 and Biosteres carbonarius Nees 1834, two diverse representatives of one of the least known and most diverse braconid subfamilies, the Opiinae. We review the terminology used to describe skeletal features in the Ichneumonoidea in general and the Opiinae in particular, and identify a list of recommend terms, which are linked to the online Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology. The morphology of the studied species is illustrated with SEM-micrographs, photos and line drawings. Based on the examined species, we discuss intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation in the Opiinae and point out character complexes that merit further study

Reclassification of Bracon mendocinus , a gall‐associated doryctine wasp, and description of a new closely related species of Allorhogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

One of the first reported gall-associated braconids, from 1910, Bracon mendocinus Kieffer & Jörgensen, is removed from the subfamily Braconinae and transferred to the doryctine genus Allorhogas, A. mendocinus (Kieffer & Jörgensen) comb. nov. A new species morphologically similar to A. mendocinus, A. joergenseni Martinez & Zaldivar-Riverón sp. nov., is also described. Additionally a neotype is designated for B. mendocinus Kieffer & Jörgensen. We base our conclusions on the morphological examination of recently collected specimens from central Argentina associated with galls on Lycium chilense (Solanaceae), as well as on the DNA variation at 28S rRNA and COI mtDNA genes.Fil: Martinez, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; ArgentinaFil: Zaldivar-Riverón, Alejandro. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; EspañaFil: Sáez, Alberto G.. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales; Españ

DNA barcoding species inventory of Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from a Mexican tropical dry forest

The cosmopolitan Microgastrinae is probably the most diverse braconid subfamily of parasitoid wasps, yet its species diversity is far from being known. As part of a global initiative for DNA barcoding Microgastrinae species, here we show the results of a study that assessed the species richness of this subfamily in a Mexican tropical dry forest located in the Chamela region, near the Pacific coast of Jalisco. Barcoding sequences of a total of 551 microgastrine specimens were generated, corresponding to 238 haplotypes. Performance of two species delineation approaches, a 2% corrected pairwise distance criterion and the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) method, yielded 100 and 112 putative species, respectively, which belong to 13 genera. The species delimited by the above two approaches were mostly congruent with our morphospecies identification. Ten molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were split into twenty-two species by the GMYC approach. We found morphological differences between the GMYC species corresponding to three of these MOTUs. Thus, a total of 103 microgastrine species were confirmed for the region of study. Thirty-three species were only represented by males, and therefore, their generic assignment is only tentatively proposed. A new record for the country is provided for the Diolcogaster-basimacula species group. Based on a comparison of nearly 20 000 barcoding sequences released for Microgastrinae from 75 countries, only five microgastrine species from Chamela were found to occur in other countries, four in Costa Rica and one in Canada and the United States.Fil: Fernández Flores, Sofía. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología; MéxicoFil: Fernández Triana, José. University of Guelph. Department Of Integrative Biology and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario; CanadáFil: Martinez, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zaldivar Riverón, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Biología; Méxic