악성림프종에서 SV40 Large T Antigen의 검색

Background : The association of simian virus 40 (SV40) with certain types of human cancers, including malignant lymphomas, has been a topic of interest for some time. Although the virus is distributed worldwide, its incidences vary according to the specific types of tumors, and the epidemiological areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of SV40 in malignant lymphomas among Korean patients. Methods : One hundred seventy three cases of malignant lymphomas were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for SV40 large T antigen (TAg), using an extremely sensitive, tyramide based, catalyzed signal amplification method. Results: From 158 non-Hodgkin`s lymphomas, including 115 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 15 Hodgkin`s lymphomas, none of the cases were positive for SV40 TAg. Conclusions : SV40 does not appear to be related to the pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas among Koreans.Amara K, 2007, INT J CANCER, V121, P2693, DOI 10.1002/ijc.23038Lee HS, 2007, CLIN CANCER RES, V13, P4154, DOI 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0173Shah KV, 2007, INT J CANCER, V120, P215, DOI 10.1002/ijc.22425Vilchez RA, 2006, HUM PATHOL, V37, P1130, DOI 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.04.020Doerries K, 2006, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V577, P102Vilchez RA, 2005, VIROLOGY, V342, P38, DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.06.053Paik JH, 2005, HISTOPATHOLOGY, V47, P281, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02222.xSui LF, 2005, PATHOLOGY, V37, P157, DOI 10.1080/00313020500058474Heinsohn S, 2005, HAEMATOLOGICA, V90, P94VILCHEZ RA, 2005, HAEMATOLOGICA, V90, P6Jin M, 2004, J MED VIROL, V74, P668Brousset P, 2004, INT J CANCER, V112, P533, DOI 10.1002/IJC.20397Barbanti-Brodano G, 2004, VIROLOGY, V318, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.004Nakatsuka S, 2003, CANCER RES, V63, P7606MacKenzie J, 2003, J NATL CANCER I, V95, P1001Vilchez RA, 2003, AM J MED, V114, P675, DOI 10.1016/S002-9343(03)0087-1Chang MS, 2003, J PATHOL, V199, P447, DOI 10.1002/path.1302Vivaldi A, 2003, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V88, P892, DOI 10.1210/jc.2002-020436STRATTON K, 2003, IMMUNIZATION SAFETYVilchez RA, 2002, LANCET, V359, P817Shivapurkar N, 2002, LANCET, V359, P851JAFFE E, 2001, PATHOLOGY GENETICS TMartini F, 1998, INT J CANCER, V78, P669NUMA F, 1995, CANCER RES, V55, P4676GLUZMAN Y, 1981, CELL, V23, P175ONEILL FJ, 1981, VIROLOGY, V112, P800FRAUMENI JF, 1963, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V185, P713

Strange Particle Production in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Primary Gastrointestinal T/NK Cell Lymphoma

Primary gastrointestinal T/NK cell lymphoma (GI-TNKL) is an uncommon and heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies. We aimed to investigate their subtype distribution, clinicopathologic characteristics, and clinical outcomes. A total of 38 GI-TNKL cases and their clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed. GI-TNKL occurred in adults with a median patient age in the sixth decade of life and showed a slight male predominance. The most common histologic type was extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL; 34.2%), followed by monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL; 31.6%), intestinal T-cell lymphoma, NOS (ITCL, NOS, 18.4%), anaplastic large cell lymphoma, ALK-negative (ALCL, ALK-; 13.2%). The small intestine was the primary affected region. More than 90% of patients complained of various GI symptoms and cases with advanced Lugano stage, high IPI score, or bowel perforation that required emergent operation were not uncommon. GI-TNKL also showed aggressive behavior with short progression-free survival and overall survival. This thorough clinical and pathological descriptive analysis will be helpful for accurate understanding, diagnosis, and treatment

Synergistic tumoricidal effect of combined hMUC1 vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy

We examined the merits of combinatorial hMUC1 vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy and evaluated its tumoricidal effects in an animal tumor model. CMNF (CT26 expressing hMUC1, hNIS, and firefly luciferase) cells were transplanted into 28 mice, and 4 and 11 days after tumor challenge, tumor-bearing mice were immunized i.m. with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA-hMUC1 vaccine and subsequently administered PBS or 131I i.p. [four groups (7 mice per group): pcDNA3.1 + PBS, phMUC1 + PBS, pcDNA3.1 + 131I, and phMUC1 + 131I groups]. Thirty-two days after tumor challenge, we rechallenged mice in the pcDNA3.1 + 131I and phMUC1 + 131I groups with CMNF cells. Tumor progression and tumor-free mice (%) were monitored by bioluminescence. We investigated hMUC1-associated immune response generated by combination therapy. Marked tumor growth inhibition was observed in the phMUC1 + 131I group by bioluminescence at 32 days after tumor challenge. Mice in phMUC1 + 131I group showed complete hMUC1-expressing tumor suppression after tumor rechallenge, whereas mice in the pcDNA3.1 + 131I group did not. The tumor-free mice (%) were much higher in the phMUC1 + 131I group than in the other three groups. Levels of hMUC1-associated CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells were higher in the phMUC1 + 131I group than in the other three groups. hMUC1-loaded CD11+ cells in the phMUC1 + 131I group were found to be most effective at generating hMUC1-associated CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells. The activities of hMUC1-associated cytotoxic T cells in the phMUC1 + 131I group were higher than in the other three groups. Our data suggest that phMUC1 + 131I combination therapy synergistically generates marked tumoricidal effects against established hMUC1-expressing cancers

Primary hematolymphoid malignancies involving the extrahepatic bile duct or gallbladder

Primary hematolymphoid malignancies of the extrahepatic biliary tract are rare tumors. We report five cases of primary hematolymphoid malignancies involving the extrahepatic biliary tract. One is a granulocytic sarcoma of the extrahepatic bile duct, another is an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the gallbladder, and the others are two non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the extrahepatic bile duct and one of the gallbladder. The clinical presentations, radiographic studies, and gross findings at surgery have not been a significant help in differential diagnosis. Although a preoperative diagnosis of primary hematolymphoid malignancy is very difficult to reach because of the rarity of this disease, it should be considered, because, if an accurate diagnosis is made before surgical intervention, chemotherapy is the most appropriate treatment. In limited cases mimicking cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, surgical resection followed by chemotherapy has a valid role as reasonable treatment for patients.Hashimoto M, 2008, WORLD J GASTROENTERO, V14, P4093, DOI 10.3748/wjg.14.4093Shito M, 2008, J HEPATO-BILIARY-PAN, V15, P440, DOI 10.1007/s00534-007-1229-2Koshy M, 2008, J GASTROINTEST LIVER, V17, P207Sugawara G, 2008, J HEPATO-BILIARY-PAN, V15, P196, DOI 10.1007/s00534-007-1248-zGonzalez-Vela MC, 2006, APMIS, V114, P666Kim HW, 2006, J KOREAN MED SCI, V21, P745Yamamoto T, 2005, AM J ROENTGENOL, V184, pS86Jelic TM, 2004, LEUKEMIA LYMPHOMA, V45, P381, DOI 10.1080/10428190310001597919Das K, 2003, SURGERY, V134, P496, DOI 10.1067/S0039-6060(03)00149-1Ravindra KV, 2003, BRIT J SURG, V90, P845, DOI 10.1002/bjs.4119ASCANI S, 2003, BRIT J HAEMATOL, V121, P534Gravel J, 2001, J PEDIATR GASTR NUTR, V32, P598Matsueda K, 1998, J GASTROENTEROL, V33, P428FIDIAS P, 1995, CANCER, V75, P1669KONDO H, 1995, CLIN ONCOL, V7, P330BROULAND JP, 1993, VIRCHOWS ARCH A, V423, P513DUDGEON DJ, 1993, CANCER, V71, P2813SCHEIMAN J, 1987, PANCREAS, V2, P237MEIS JM, 1986, CANCER, V58, P2697LAKE G, 1983, J CLIN GASTROENTEROL, V5, P273NGUYEN GK, 1982, CANCER, V50, P2218NEIMAN RS, 1981, CANCER, V48, P1426SIMON TL, 1978, ARCH INTERN MED, V138, P1165WILTSHAW E, 1976, MEDICINE, V55, P217VANSLYCK EJ, 1972, CANCER, V30, P810

Investigation of somatic mutation profiles and tumor evolution of primary oropharyngeal cancer and sequential lymph node metastases using multiregional whole‐exome sequencing

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important factor in determining the treatment and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Here, we compared the somatic mutational profiles and clonal evolution of primary and metastatic LNs using multiregion sequencing of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive OPSCC and HPV‐negative OPSCC. We performed high‐depth whole‐exome sequencing (200×) of 76 samples from 18 patients with OPSCC (10 HPV‐positive and 8 HPV‐negative), including 18 primary tumor samples, 40 metastatic LN samples, and 18 normal tissue samples. Among 40 metastatic LNs, 22 showed extranodal extension (ENE). Mutation profiles of HPV‐positive OPSCC and HPV‐negative OPSCC were similar to those reported previously. Somatic mutations in CDKN2A and TP53 were frequently detected in HPV‐negative OPSCC. Somatic mutations in HPV‐positive OPSCC samples showed APOBEC‐related signatures. Somatic mutations from metastatic LNs showed a different pattern than the primary tumor. Somatic mutations acquired in the WNT pathway during metastasis showed a significant relationship with ENE. Clonal evolution analysis of primary and metastatic LNs showed that, in some cases, each metastatic LN originated from a different primary tumor sub‐clone

Thyroid FNA cytology cases Incidence and Malignancy Rates of Diagnoses in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Aspiration Cytology: An Institutional Experience

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) was developed in 2008 to facilitate more accurate communication of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) interpretations between clinicians and cytopathologists. 1 This system, which we adopted in 2010, classifies FNA results into six general diagnostic categories, namely, I) nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory, II) benign, III) atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance, IV) follicular neoplasm or suspicious for a follicular neoplasm, V) suspicious for malignancy, and VI) malignant. 1 Each of these categories is associated with a risk of malignancy as follows: I) 1-4%, II) 0-3%, III) 5-15%, IV) 15-30%, V) 60-75%, and VI) 97-99%. 1 Although this system is useful, some studies that have investigated these risks have had controversial results, especially for category III. Furthermore, other studies have reported differences in malignancy rates among different institutions and have offered various explanations. In this study, we determined the distribution of FNA results and malignancy rates in each diagnostic category of the BSRTC in our hospital to determine whether our cytopathologists are using this system properly. Specifically, by analyzing data from individual cytopathologists, we hoped to ascertain whether our hospital has consistent FNA results in each diagnostic category. Finally, we suggest ways to improve the accuracy of classifying FNA diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thyroid FNA cytology cases We retrospectively analyzed 1,538 patients who had thyroid nodules that were diagnosed by FNA between October 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011, in Gangnam Severance Hospital in Korea. This study met criteria for exemption from review from the institutional review board. Each FNA diagnosis was made independently by one of four cytopathologists. Each thyroid aspiration sample was analyzed by using liquid-based preparation or conventional smear. Some FNAs were originally performed by other hospitals; however, in these cases, the slides were re- Background: The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) uses six diagnostic categories to standardize communication of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) interpretations between clinicians and cytopathologists. Since several studies have questioned the diagnostic accuracy of this system, we examined its accuracy in our hospital. Methods: We calculated the incidences and malignancy rates of each diagnostic category in the BSRTC for 1,730 FNAs that were interpreted by four cytopathologists in Gangnam Severance Hospital between October 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011. Results: The diagnostic incidences of categories I-VI were as follows: 13.3%, 40.6%, 9.1%, 0.4%, 19.3%, and 17.3%, respectively. Similarly, the malignancy rates of these categories were as follows: 35.3%, 5.6%, 69.0%, 50.0%, 98.7%, and 98.9%, respectively. In categories II, V, and VI, there were no statistically significant differences in the ranges of the malignancy rates among the four cytopathologists. However, there were significant differences in the ranges for categories I and III. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that institutions that use the BSRTC should regularly update their diagnostic criteria. We also propose that institutions issue an annual report of incidences and malignancy rates to help other clinicians improve the case management of patients with thyroid nodules. Incidence and Malignancy Rates of Diagnoses in the Bethesd

Class III beta-Tubulin Shows Unique Expression Patterns in a Variety of Neoplastic and Non-neoplastic Lymphoproliferative Disorders

Class III beta-tubulin (TUBB3) expression in carcinoma is associated with resistance to tubulin-binding chemotherapeutic agents. Recently, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were reported to express TUBB3 under physiologic conditions. We investigated TUBB3 expression in a wide range of lymphoproliferative disorders using immunohistochemistry. Dual immuno-staining for Bcl-6 and TUBB3 revealed that some germinal center B cells also express TUBB3 in addition to FDCs. In Hodgkin lymphomas (HLs), 47.1% (40/85) expressed TUBB3 in the tumor cells with an all-or-none pattern. TUBB3 expression in HL was more common in mixed cellularity type than nodular sclerosis type (P = 0.032). Among non-HLs, 79.3% (23/29) of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), 8% (2/25) of extra-nodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, and 75% (21/28) of Burkitt lymphoma showed TUBB3 expression with an all-or-none pattern. Of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 15.2% (32/210) expressed TUBB3 in a heterogeneous pattern. In ALCL, TUBB3 expression was more common in systemic ALCL than in primary cutaneous ALCL (P = 0.046). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with a germinal center B-like subgroup exhibited TUBB3 expression more frequently than non-GCB-like subgroup (P = 0.01). Otherwise, none of the 18 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas; 18 peripheral T-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified; 12 follicular lymphomas; 62 marginal zone lymphomas; 7 mantle cell lymphomas; 8 small lymphocytic lymphomas; or 2 FDC sarcomas expressed TUBB3. In angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and Castleman disease, TUBB3 was positive in immunoblasts corresponding to Epstein-Barr virus-infected or Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus-infected cells. A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders exhibited characteristic TUBB3 expression patterns; these results suggest potential for diagnostic utility, some insight into the pathobiology of TUBB3 expression, and potential therapeutic implications.N